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1.
J Nutr Educ Behav ; 52(4): 359-368, 2020 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31522895

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine if student outcomes, usage, perceptions, and engagement differ between introductory nutrition courses that used an open educational resource (OER) textbook compared with a traditional textbook. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: College introductory nutrition course. PARTICIPANTS: Students enrolled in introductory nutrition courses that used a traditional textbook or an OER textbook. INTERVENTION: Implementation of an OER textbook in all introductory nutrition courses during 1 semester. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Usage, perceptions, and engagement with the textbook were evaluated by an online survey. Student outcome data (eg, grades) were collected from the learning management system at the end of the semester. ANALYSIS: Differences in student outcomes, usage, perceptions, and engagement were determined by t tests. Open-ended responses on textbook likes and dislikes were evaluated by thematic analysis. RESULTS: The number of students who completed the introductory nutrition course with a traditional textbook (n = 346) was higher than those who completed the course with an OER textbook (n = 311). There was no difference in student outcomes between textbooks. P values for student usage ranged from <.001 to .001, <.001 for engagement, and <.001 to .001 for perception with the OER textbook, with significantly better P values for outcomes than those with the traditional textbook. The $0 cost and place-based nature were noted as positive attributes of the OER textbook, whereas students appreciated the format and visual appeal of the traditional textbook. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Academic performance in introductory nutrition was not affected by an OER textbook. An OER textbook for introductory nutrition may be an appropriate solution for institutions seeking to reduce student costs.


Assuntos
Desempenho Acadêmico/estatística & dados numéricos , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Livros de Texto como Assunto , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudantes , Universidades , Adulto Jovem
2.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater ; 99(1): 27-35, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21714073

RESUMO

Biodegradable isocyanate-functional adhesives based on poly(ethylene glycol)-adipic acid esters were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Two types of formulations, P2TT and P2MT, were developed by functionalization with 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) or 4,4'-methylene-bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), respectively, and branching with 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane (TMP). The biocompatibility of the synthesized adhesive formulations was evaluated as per ISO 10993. Cytotoxicity, systemic toxicity, pyrogenicity, genotoxicity (reverse mutation of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli), hemolysis, intracutaneous reactivity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity were evaluated. All formulations met the requirements of the conducted standard tests. The biological behavior and ability of the adhesive formulations to close an arteriotomy and withstand arterial pressure following partial approximation with a single suture were evaluated in a rat abdominal aorta model. Animals were evaluated at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery. Macroscopic and histopathologic evaluation of explanted arteries suggested that the P2TT formulation had better in vivo performance than the P2MT formulation. Additionally, the P2TT formulation resulted in less tissue reaction than P2MT formulation. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the potential of this new class of isocyanate-functional degradable adhesives for vascular applications.


Assuntos
Adesivos/química , Adesivos/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/efeitos dos fármacos , Isocianatos/química , Isocianatos/farmacologia , Adesivos/metabolismo , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis/metabolismo , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Isocianatos/metabolismo , Teste de Materiais , Estrutura Molecular , Polietilenoglicóis/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
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