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1.
J Biomech Eng ; 142(7)2020 07 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32191261

RESUMO

The dynamics of the human middle ear (ME) has been studied in the past using several computational and experimental approaches in order to observe the effect on hearing of different conditions, such as conductive disease, corrective surgery, or implantation of a middle ear prosthesis. Multibody (MB) models combine the analysis of flexible structures with rigid body dynamics, involving fewer degrees-of-freedom (DOF) than finite element (FE) models, but a more detailed description than traditional 1D lumped parameter (LP) models. This study describes the reduction of a reference FE model of the human middle ear to a MB model and compares the results obtained considering different levels of model simplification. All models are compared by means of the frequency response of the stapes velocity versus sound pressure at the tympanic membrane (TM), as well as the system natural frequencies and mode shapes. It can be seen that the flexibility of the ossicles has a limited impact on the system frequency response function (FRF) and modes, and the stiffness of the tendons and ligaments only plays a role when above certain levels. On the other hand, the restriction of the stapes footplate movement to a piston-like behavior can considerably affect the vibrational modes, while constraints to the incudomalleolar joint (IMJ) and incudostapedial joint (ISJ) can have a strong impact on the system FRF.


Assuntos
Orelha Média , Tendões , Membrana Timpânica , Análise de Elementos Finitos
2.
Biomed Eng Online ; 17(1): 23, 2018 Feb 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29433516

RESUMO

Most commercially available cochlear implants and hearing aids use microphones as sensors for capturing the external sound field. These microphones are in general located in an external element, which is also responsible for processing the sound signal. However, the presence of the external element is the cause of several problems such as discomfort, impossibility of being used during physical activities and sleeping, and social stigma. These limitations have driven studies with the goal of developing totally implantable hearing devices, and the design of an implantable sensor has been one of the main challenges to be overcome. Different designs of implantable sensors can be found in the literature and in some commercial implantable hearing aids, including different transduction mechanisms (capacitive, piezoelectric, electromagnetic, etc), configurations microphones, accelerometers, force sensor, etc) and locations (subcutaneous or middle ear). In this work, a detailed technical review of such designs is presented and a general classification is proposed. The technical characteristics of each sensors are presented and discussed in view of the main requirements for an implantable sensor for hearing devices, including sensitivity, internal noise, frequency bandwidth and energy consumption. The feasibility of implantation of each sensor is also evaluated and compared.


Assuntos
Auxiliares de Audição , Implantação de Prótese/instrumentação , Humanos , Desenho de Prótese
3.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 36(4): 259-263, dic. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-636000

RESUMO

Introducción. La mortalidad es un indicador confiable para medir la calidad de la atención prestada en una institución o en un servicio específico, especialmente cuando se identifican muertes prematuras o evitables. materiales y métodos. En este trabajo se evalúa la mortalidad en la Unidad de Cuidados Postanestésicos del Hospital Universitario del Valle (HUV) durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1º de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2006, teniendo como fuente de información la base de datos del servicio que, además de registrar las diferentes variables sociodemográficas, identifica la procedencia, el servicio que atendió al usuario y la causa final de muerte. Además, se adicionó la clasificación según la carga de la enfermedad (global burden disease - GBD) y se calcularon los años de vida potencialmente perdidos (AVPP). Resultados. Durante el año 2006 fallecieron 397 pacientes, 66% del sexo masculino, con una mediana edad de 39 años. La mortalidad por causas violentas acumula el 54% de los casos, seguida por las enfermedades digestivas (24%) y las neoplasias (6,3%). El 83% de los pacientes eran del servicio de cirugía general, 8% de ortopedia y 3% de neurocirugía. El total de AVPP fueron 12.340, de los cuales, el 75% fueron aportados por hombres, y las lesiones intencionales fueron responsables de 56% de los AVPP (6.876). Se encontraron diferencia significativas según el sexo (t=5,11, p<0,001), especialidad médica (f=3,28, p<0,0001) y la clasificación diagnóstica según la carga de la enfermedad (f=8,7, p<0,0001). Estos resultados muestran la carga de la enfermedad por lesiones de causa externa y la necesidad de aumentar la disponibilidad del servicio de cuidado intensivo en el Hospital Universitario del Valle.


Introdution. The mortality is a dependable indicator to measure the quality of the service provided in an institution or in a specific service, especially when it is identified premature or inevitable deaths. In this project the mortality of the UCPA of H.U.V. is evaluated, during the period between January 1st and December 31st of 2006. Having as information, the database of the service which also register the different socio- demographic variables identifies the precedence, the service which was provided to the user and the cause of death. Also, in addition to the classifcation and according to "Global Burden Disease" (GBD), the life years potentially lost (AVPP) were also calculated. Results. During the year of 2006, 397 patients died 66% of which were males, with a median age of 39 years. The mortality by violent causes accumulates the 54% of the cases followed by digestive diseases 24% and cancer 6.3%. From all of the patients, 83% were from the General Surgery service, 8% from orthopedic and 3% from neurosurgery. The total of AVPP was 12.340 of which 75% was contributed for men and the Intentional injuries were responsible for the 56% of the AVPP (6.876). A signifcant difference according to genre t:5.11 p<0.001, medical specialty F:3.28 p<0.0001 was found and the diagnosis classifcation according to GBD f:8.7 p<0.0001. These results show the load of the disease for external cause injuries and the necessity of increase the availability of the Intensive Care Unit of the HUV.


Assuntos
Humanos
4.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 33(2): 93-98, abr.-jun. 2005. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-423782

RESUMO

El bloqueo peribulbar es una técnica anestésica que consiste en colocar anestésicos locales por fuera del cono muscular de la órbita. Los anestésicos utilizados, con diferentes grados de toxicidad sistemica, han obligado la búsqueda de nuevos agentes como la ropivacaina. Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado triple ciego para determinar las diferencias en calidad anestésica de la mezcla tradicional de anestésicos locales y ropivacaina, evaluando aquinesia, presión intraocular (PIO) y analgesia. Se tomaron 103 pacientes sometidos a extracción extracapsular de catarata más colocación de lente intraocular (EEC LIO), recolectados entre noviembre y diciembre de 2003 en la Clínica Rafael Uribe de la ciudad de Cali. Los pacientes fueron asignados a dos grupos de manera seudoaleatoria. Grupo 1: ropivacaina 0.75 por ciento 10cc y grupo 2: bupivacaina 0.75 por ciento 5cc más lidocaina 2 por ciento 5cc más hialuronidasa 30 UI. ( Mezcla tradicional). Los grupos fueron similares en cuanto a las variables demográficas (sexo y raza), con una media de edad de 70 años para ambos. A partir del rango promedio y suma de rangos, se evaluaron: (1) Aquinesia, donde el grupo 2 mostró mayor inmovilidad que el grupo 1 ( p=0,008) y (2) dolor a través de la escala visual análoga sin diferencias significativas (p=0,571). La PIO previo bloqueo se analizó a partir de la media, que fue para ambos grupos 14.1mmHg (p=0.784.). La PIO después del bloqueo fue menor para ambos grupos, la media en el grupo 1 fue 10.8mmHg y grupo 2: 10.4mmHg ( p=0.409.) En conclusión, ambas soluciones anestésicas proporcionaron excelentes condiciones quirúrgicas en bloqueo peribulbar...


Assuntos
Anestesia por Condução , Anestésicos Locais , Hialuronoglucosaminidase
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