Hemorragia digestiva baja secundaria a pólipo por émbolo de colesterol como primera manifestación de cirrosis biliar primaria en un mayor / Gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to cholesterol embolus polyp as the first manifestation of primary biliary cirrhosis in an older adult

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Prevalence of severe esophagitis in Spain. Results of the PRESS study (Prevalence and Risk factors for Esophagitis in Spain: A cross-sectional study).

BACKGROUND: *N.P. and M.P. contributed equally to this study.The current prevalence of esophagitis in southern Europe is unknown. In addition, the risk factors for reflux esophagitis are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to assess the prevalence and risk factors for esophagitis in Spain. METHODS: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study (PRESS study) was conducted among 31 gastrointestinal endoscopy units throughout Spain. A total of 1361 patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled. Sociodemographic, clinical and treatment data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 95% of patients were Caucasian and 52% were male (mean age: 53 ± 17 years). The most frequent symptoms prompting endoscopy were heartburn (40%), regurgitation (26%) and dysphagia (15%). Fifty-four percent of patients undergoing endoscopy were receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment. Esophagitis (mainly mild-moderate) was present in 154 (12.4%) patients. The severe form was recorded in only 11 (0.8%) patients. Multivariate analysis results indicated that the likelihood of esophagitis was higher in men (OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.31-2.78), in patients with high GERD-Q scores (OR = 1.256, 95% CI = 1.176-1.343), weight increase (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.003-1.025) and high alcohol consumption (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.16-5.36). CONCLUSION: Severe esophagitis is a rare finding in the Spanish population. Male gender, high GERD-Q score, weight increase and high alcohol consumption are main risk factors for its appearance.

Detección de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en una unidad de alcoholismo / Detection of eating behavior disorders in an alcoholism unit

Introducción: La coexistencia de trastornos alimentarios (TCA) y de sustancias ha sido el foco de investigaciones clínicas desde hace varias décadas con amplia y contradictoria literatura. El objetivo del estudio es detectar la presencia de trastornos alimentarios en una muestra de pacientes alcohólicos. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de 340 pacientes ingresados en la Unidad de Deshabituación Alcohólica (U.D.A.) del Hospital Dr Rodríguez Lafora, realizado a lo largo de 18 meses. En los casos en los que se diagnosticó un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria, en 30 mujeres (25% de la muestra femenina) y ningún hombre, se analizaron las características demográficas, psicosociales y psicopa-tológicas. Además se estudió el trastorno alimentario y se realizaron varios test psicométricos específicos. Resultados: Encontramos una elevada comorbilidad psiquiátrica en 3/4 partes de la muestra (patología ansiosa y depresiva), elevados antecedentes familiares de alcoholismo y malos tratos, y elevadas cifras de policonsumo de tóxicos. Por otro lado, más de la mitad de la muestra reconoce haber utilizado el alcohol con fin anorexígeno, lo que nos sugiere que al alcohol cumpliría una función dentro del trastorno alimentario. Conclusiones: Dado que hemos encontrado que un número importante de pacientes que inicialmente padece trastorno alimentario desarrollan alcoholismo en el curso de la enfermedad, consideramos que en estas pacientes debería realizarse de forma sistemática una evaluación del consumo de alcohol y otros tóxicos. La detección temprana de esta comorbilidad facilitaría un abordaje e intervención terapéutica más específicos (AU)

Introduction: The coexistence of eating behaviour disorders and substance abuse has been in the focus of clinical research for several decades with large and contradictory literature results. The aim of this study is to detect eating behaviour disorders in a sample of alcoholic patients. Material and methods: Prospective study of 340 patients admitted in an alcohol dishabituation unit (A.D.U.) from Dr Rodríguez Lafora Hospital during a period of 18 months. In cases diagnosed with an eating disorder, 30 women (25% of the women sample) and no men, we analyzed the demographic, psychosocial and psychopathological characteristics. Furthermore, we studied the eating disorder and we realized several specific psychometric tests. Results: We found a high psychiatric comorbidity in three quarters of the sample (anxious and depressive pathology), high rates of alcohol abuse in the family; and high rates of drug misuse. On the other hand, over half of the sample recognized to use alcohol as an anorectic substance, suggesting that alcohol had a function within eating disorders. Conclusions: Since we have found a significant number of patients that initially were suffering from eating disorders and they developed alcoholism in the course of the disease, we consider in this kind of patient that is necessary to make a systematic assessment of alcohol and other substances. Early detection of this comorbidity is useful for achieve a more specific approach and therapeutic intervention (AU)

Information resources used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Satisfaction, expectations and information gaps / Recursos de información utilizados por los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: satisfacción, expectativas y lagunas en la información

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Information received by IBD patients about their disease is of particular importance. The objective of the study was to determine the information resources these patients used, together with their perceived information gaps and expected preferences. Patients and methods: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study conducted on IBD patients attending 13 Spanish hospitals during 2008. Patients completed a semi-structured 52-question survey. Results: Survey was adequately completed by 379 of 385 patients (98%), of whom 57% had Crohn's disease and 43% ulcerative colitis. Mean patient age was 37.9 years (range, 16–76 years). Gastroenterologists were the most commonly used resource (98%), followed by the Internet (60%), and general practitioners (50%). More than 90% reported good to excellent satisfaction with gastroenterologists, nurses, and patients’ associations. Only 56% considered their information needs to be covered. The Internet was mostly used by young patients and those with a high education level. In the future, 85% of the patients would like to receive information from the gastroenterologists, and 92% by face-to-face interviews. Patients mainly want additional information on treatment (medical and surgical), clinical manifestations, cancer, and mortality risks. They also think that they are poorly informed about their social and work rights, risks of cancer and death, and research trials. Conclusions: Patients with IBD use and prefer gastroenterologists as the main source of information, but only half of them consider their information needs to be covered

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVOS: La información recibida por los pacientes con EII sobre su enfermedad es de particular importancia. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los recursos informativos que utilizan estos pacientes, así como las lagunas de información que perciben y sus preferencias. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y transversal realizado en pacientes con EII atendidos en 13 hospitales españoles durante el año 2008. Los pacientes cumplimentaron un cuestionario semiestructurado de 52 preguntas. RESULTADOS: El cuestionario fue cumplimentado adecuadamente por 379 de los 385 pacientes participantes (98%). De ellos, el 57% presentaban enfermedad de Crohn y el 43% colitis ulcerosa. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 37,9 años (intervalo: 16-76 años). Los gastroenterólogos fueron el recurso más utilizado (98%), seguido de Internet (60%) y de los médicos de familia (50%). Más del 90% de los pacientes señaló un grado de satisfacción con el gastroenterólogo, el servicio de enfermería y las asociaciones de pacientes de buena a excelente. Solo el 56% considera que sus necesidades informativas están cubiertas. Los pacientes jóvenes y aquellos con un nivel educativo alto son los que más utilizan Internet. Al 85% de los pacientes le gustaría recibir información de los gastroenterólogos en el futuro, y el 92% preferiría tener entrevistas presenciales. Los pacientes quieren principalmente información adicional sobre tratamientos (médicos y quirúrgicos), manifestaciones clínicas, cáncer y riesgos de mortalidad. También piensan que están mal informados acerca de sus derechos sociales y laborales, los riesgos de cáncer y la mortalidad, así como sobre los estudios de investigación. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes con EII utilizan y prefieren tener a los gastroenterólogos como fuente principal de información, pero solo la mitad de ellos consideran que sus necesidades informativas están cubiertas

Information resources used by patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Satisfaction, expectations and information gaps.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Information received by IBD patients about their disease is of particular importance. The objective of the study was to determine the information resources these patients used, together with their perceived information gaps and expected preferences. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study conducted on IBD patients attending 13 Spanish hospitals during 2008. Patients completed a semi-structured 52-question survey. RESULTS: Survey was adequately completed by 379 of 385 patients (98%), of whom 57% had Crohn's disease and 43% ulcerative colitis. Mean patient age was 37.9 years (range, 16-76 years). Gastroenterologists were the most commonly used resource (98%), followed by the Internet (60%), and general practitioners (50%). More than 90% reported good to excellent satisfaction with gastroenterologists, nurses, and patients' associations. Only 56% considered their information needs to be covered. The Internet was mostly used by young patients and those with a high education level. In the future, 85% of the patients would like to receive information from the gastroenterologists, and 92% by face-to-face interviews. Patients mainly want additional information on treatment (medical and surgical), clinical manifestations, cancer, and mortality risks. They also think that they are poorly informed about their social and work rights, risks of cancer and death, and research trials. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IBD use and prefer gastroenterologists as the main source of information, but only half of them consider their information needs to be covered.

Estudio piloto sobre la prevalencia de patología dual en pacientes en tratamiento en la Comunidad de Madrid / Pilot study on the prevalence of dual pathology in community mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid

El objetivo ha sido valorar la presencia de diagnósticos comórbidos de trastornos mentales y adictivos de forma retrospectiva en la historia clínica de pacientes en tratamiento en las redes asistenciales de salud mental o de adicciones en la Comunidad de Madrid. Material y métodos: Se valoraron las historias clínicas de 400 pacientes en tratamiento en Centros de Atención al Drogodependiente (CAD), Centros de Atención Integral al Drogodependiente (CAID), Centros de Salud Mental (CSM) o servicios de psiquiatría de Hospitales de Madrid. Se recogieron de forma retrospectiva los datos de las últimas 20 historias clínicas de cada centro seleccionado. Resultados: La prevalencia de patología dual, considerando como tal la presencia de un diagnóstico actual de trastorno mental y de trastorno por uso de sustancias distinto al tabaco, fue del 34%. Había diferencias en la prevalencia entre las dos redes asistenciales, un 36.78% de los pacientes en tratamiento en la red de drogas fueron considerados duales frente a un 28.78% en la red de salud mental. Había una asociación entre el diagnóstico de patología dual y el consumo perjudicial o dependencia de alcohol o cocaína pero no con el de heroína. Los trastornos mentales más frecuentes en los pacientes duales que en los no duales fueron los trastornos del humor, los trastornos de personalidad y la esquizofrenia. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, existe una elevada prevalencia de pacientes con patología dual entre los sujetos que buscan tratamiento, siendo mayor en la red de atención al drogodependiente y mayor entre aquellos con dependencia de alcohol o cocaína. Estos datos pueden ayudar a la horade planificar los recursos asistenciales para este tipo de pacientes (AU)

Aim: To evaluate retrospectively the comorbidity of mental and addictive disorders in community mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid. Methods: The medical records of 400 patients from mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid were evaluated. Records were examined for the last 20 patients from each service unit. Results: Dual pathology was constituted when a current diagnosis of mental and addictive disorders, excluding nicotine addiction, appeared on the patient’s records. Prevalence of dual pathology was 34%. There were differences in the prevalence figures for the two kinds of service: 36.78% in substance misuse services, and 28.78% in mental health services. There was an association of dual diagnosis with alcohol or cocaine dependence, but not with opioid dependence. The mental disorders more prevalent in dually diagnosed than in non-dually diagnosed patients were mood disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of dual pathology in those seeking treatment, being higher in substance misuse services than in mental health services, and higher in patients with alcohol or cocaine dependence. These findings could be of help in the planning of care resource policies for these patients (AU)

[Pilot study on the prevalence of dual pathology in community mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid]. / Estudio piloto sobre la prevalencia de patología dual en pacientes en tratamiento en la Comunidad de Madrid.

AIM: To evaluate retrospectively the comorbidity of mental and addictive disorders in community mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid. METHODS: The medical records of 400 patients from mental health and substance misuse services in Madrid were evaluated. Records were examined for the last 20 patients from each service unit. RESULTS: Dual pathology was constituted when a current diagnosis of mental and addictive disorders, excluding nicotine addiction, appeared on the patient's records. Prevalence of dual pathology was 34%. There were differences in the prevalence figures for the two kinds of service: 36.78% in substance misuse services, and 28.78% in mental health services. There was an association of dual diagnosis with alcohol or cocaine dependence, but not with opioid dependence. The mental disorders more prevalent in dually diagnosed than in non-dually diagnosed patients were mood disorders, personality disorders, and schizophrenia. CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of dual pathology in those seeking treatment, being higher in substance misuse services than in mental health services, and higher in patients with alcohol or cocaine dependence. These findings could be of help in the planning of care resource policies for these patients.

Validación de la Escala sobre el Deseo de Beber - EDB / Validation of the Desire to Drink Scale - dds

Se presenta la validación de la Escala sobre el Deseo de Beber (EDB), instrumento de medida de nueva creación, en una muestra de 126 alcohólicos en distintos tipos de tratamiento de su dependencia. Este instrumento ha reflejado una elevada consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach de 0.917). Los factores obtenidos del análisis factorial proporcionan una estructura de contenido que permite realizar una medida holística del constructo. La EDB y los factores que se derivan de ella correlacionan de forma alta, significativa y positiva con la Escala de la Intensidad de la Dependencia Alcohólica (EIDA) y sus subescalas. Por todo ello podemos decir que este instrumento posee condiciones adecuadas para su uso en la medida del constructo "deseo de beber" y gran aplicabilidad en el ámbito clínico y de investigación

The validation of the Desire to Drink Scale (DDS) is presented. This original version of the instrument has been applied to a sample of 126 alcoholics participating in different programs designed to treat their alcohol dependence. Cronbach´s alpha scores suggest a high internal consistency (alpha= 0.917). Factor analysis reveals the presence of different factors, providing a content structure that allows us to make a global measurement of the construct. correlation between DDS (and its factors) and the Intensity of alcohol Dependence (IADS) (and associated scales) is significantly high. We can therefore conclude that this new instrument is adequate for clinical and research purposes since it provides a good measure of the desire-to-drink construct

Recurrent hepatitis C genotype 1b following liver transplantation: treatment with combination interferon-ribavirin therapy.

BACKGROUND: Recurrent hepatitis C is very common leading to graft cirrhosis in a significant proportion of patients. Preliminary reports of combination therapy with interferon-ribavirin have been promising but generally applied to selected patients with chronic mild disease. Little is known, however, about the efficacy and risk of adverse effects when it is used in general clinical practice. AIMS: To analyse the efficacy (biochemical, virological and histological response) and tolerance of combination therapy in patients with recurrent hepatitis C genotype 1b. METHODS: Twenty-four patients (mean age 54 years; range 37-67 years; 75% male) with recurrent hepatitis C virus (histology at baseline: acute hepatitis (n = 3); chronic hepatitis (n = 21) with F3 or 4 in 77%) were treated with 12 months interferon (1.5-3 MU thrice weekly) + ribavirin (600-1200 mg daily) followed by 6 months ribavirin (58%), at a median of 427 days (56-2812) after transplantation. RESULTS: Seven patients (29%) discontinued therapy due to side effects, mainly anaemia, at a median of 3 months since initiation. Dose modifications were required in 88% of those completing the whole course of therapy. Overall, the sustained virological and biochemical response was 12.5%. This rate was slightly higher (18%) if only the 17 patients who finished the whole course of therapy were analysed. Histological improvement was achieved in 31.5% of treated patients. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy has a very limited efficacy in the liver transplant setting, although some benefit may be achieved, even in those with advanced graft fibrosis. Tolerance, however, remains a matter of concern.