Integrating Comprehensive Rehabilitation Care to Multimorbidity Approach: A Challenge for the Chilean Public Health System.

The multimorbidity approach involves promotional and preventive strategies. The demand for rehabilitation services has grown exponentially in recent years, leading to the urgency of rethinking care delivery. In Chile, there are laws, programs, and guidelines that, from their theoretical basis, include a person-centered care focus. But in real practice, multiple barriers trigger important fragmentation of care. In response, a new strategy has been proposed to answer whether comprehensive rehabilitation care based on multimorbidity positively impacts the health system performance, people's functionality, and quality of life, which will be implemented as a pilot study with a national scale-up focus.

El enfoque de multimorbilidad implica estrategias promocionales y preventivas. La demanda de servicios de rehabilitación ha crecido exponencialmente en los últimos años, lo que ha llevado a la urgencia de repensar la organización y entrega de prestaciones. En Chile existen leyes, programas y lineamientos que, desde su base teórica, incluyen un enfoque de atención centrado en la persona. Pero en la práctica real, múltiples barreras generan una importante fragmentación de la atención. En respuesta, se ha propuesto una nueva estrategia para responder si una rehabilitación integral basada en el enfoque de la multimorbilidad impacta positivamente en el desempeño del sistema de salud, la funcionalidad de las personas y la calidad de vida, que se implementará como un estudio piloto con un enfoque de escalamiento nacional.

Combinação fluticasona e azelastina intranasal no tratamento de adolescentes com rinite alérgica de difícil controle / Combination of intranasal fluticasone and azelastine for difficult-to-control allergic rhinitis in adolescents

Introdução: A rinite alérgica (RA) tem prevalência elevada e é responsável por impacto significativo da qualidade de vida destes pacientes, refletindo-se negativamente no desempenho escolar, na vida social ou no trabalho. A associação de propionato de fluticasona e cloridrato de azelastina (PF-AZE) tem sido recomendada no tratamento de pacientes com rinite alérgica de difícil controle. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta ao tratamento com PF+AZE administrado a crianças e adolescentes com RA persistente moderada-grave (RAPMG) de difícil controle. Métodos: Ensaio clínico aberto não controlado prospectivo com intervenção terapêutica em que participaram adolescentes (n = 65) com RAPMG de difícil controle acompanhados em ambulatório especializado. Resultados: Houve melhora estatisticamente significante de todas as variáveis estudadas, o que mostrou melhor controle da rinite com a combinação PF+AZE. Utilizando-se a diferença mínima clinicamente importante como parâmetro de avaliação, 83% dos pacientes tiveram melhora da doença. Não houve relato de evento adverso grave, gosto amargo foi relatado por 38,5% dos pacientes e dois interromperam o esquema por evento adverso. Conclusão: A combinação PF+AZE foi bem tolerada, segura e eficaz no tratamento de pacientes com RAPMG. Eventos adversos locais foram os mais comumente relatados.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis has a high prevalence and is responsible for a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals, reflecting negatively on school performance, social life, and work. An association of fluticasone propionate and azelastine hydrochloride (PF+AZE) has been recommended for patients with difficult-to-control allergic rhinitis. Objective: To evaluate treatment response to PF+AZE in adolescents with difficult-to-control moderate/severe persistent allergic rhinitis (MSPAR). Methods: This was a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled clinical trial for a therapeutic intervention in adolescents with difficult-to-control MSPAR treated at a specialized outpatient clinic. Results: There was significant improvement in all studied variables, showing better MSPAR control with PF+AZE. Using the clinically important minimum difference as an evaluation parameter, 83% of the patients improved. There were no reports of serious adverse events; a bitter taste was reported by 38.5% of patients, and 2 discontinued use due to an adverse event. Conclusion: PF+AZE was a well-tolerated, safe, and effective treatment for MSPAR. The most commonly reported adverse events were local.

Spanish version of the readiness for interprofessional learning scale (RIPLS) in an undergraduate health sciences student context.

The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) has been widely used to measure students' and professionals' attitudes toward interprofessional learning. However, inconsistencies have been reported concerning its validity and reliability. This study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the RIPLS questionnaire to be applied to Spanish-speaking health sciences students in Chile. Content and construct validity evidence of the newly created Spanish version of the RIPLS scale were analyzed. An exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) analysis were conducted, determining goodness-of-fit indexes. Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient. We assessed sensitivity to change of the RIPLS scale by comparing pre- and post-interprofessional education workshop scores. The EFA showed that there were three factors. In the CFA, most of the standardized factor loadings were higher than 0.3. Regarding internal consistency, Cronbach's Alpha was 0.86. The differences between the total RIPLS scores before and after the workshops were statistically significant. The Spanish version of RIPLS showed evidence of validity and reliability for use amongst health sciences students. The construct was adequately measured and was shown that it could be used to assess the impact of interprofessional education workshops.

Aprendizaje interprofesional en los internados de las carreras de la salud del Hospital Josefina Martínez / Interprofessional learning of interns at Josefina Martínez Hospital

Introducción: las dinámicas de atención en salud requieren que los profesionales que componen el equipo de salud trabajen en for-ma colaborativa. Sin embargo, durante su formación, las oportunidades de aprendizaje con otras disciplinas son escasas. Se reportan los resultados del primer proyecto para promover el aprendizaje interprofesional en los internos que rotan por el Hospital Josefina Martínez. Método: de marzo a julio 2018, se realizó un taller constituido por dos sesiones, en cada rotación de internado. Participaron internos de cinco carreras en forma conjunta (kinesiología, odontología, nutrición, fonoaudiología y terapia ocupacional). Se adaptó la encuesta de disposición al aprendizaje interprofesional, para ser aplicada antes y después de cada taller. Se calcularon las medianas, rangos intercuartílicos (Q1; Q3y se compararon los puntajes mediante test de Wilcoxon. Resultados: hubo una disposición positiva inicial al aprendizaje interprofesional, con mejoría significativa después de los talleres en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta: Trabajo en equipo y colaboración (<0,001), trabajo centrado en el paciente (<0,001), y sentido de identidad profesional (<0,05). La diferencia del puntaje global de la encuesta también fue significativa (<0,001). Conclusiones: se demostró un cambio favorable y significativo en las respuestas de los internos después de los talleres, en todas las dimensiones de la encuesta. En los comentarios, destacaron la relevancia de aprender con estudiantes de otras carreras, describiendo que aumentó su conocimiento sobre éstas y reforzando el impacto que dicha integración tiene en mejorar la atención y resolución de problemas en salud.

Background: The dynamics of health care require that the health professionals work collaboratively; however, during their training, learning opportunities with other disciplines are infrequent. The results of the first project to promote interprofessional learning in the clinical internship at Hospital Josefina Martínez are reported. Methods: From March to July 2018, two workshops for each internship rotation were carried. Students from fivecareers participated together (Kinesiology, Dentistry, Nutrition, Speech Therapy, and Occupa-tional Therapy). The readiness to interprofessional scale survey was adapted, to be applied before and after each workshop. Medians, interquartile range (Q1; Q3) were calculated, and the Wilcoxon test was used to compare the results. Results: There was an initial po-sitive readiness for interprofessional learning, with a significant improvement in all the dimensions of the survey, after the workshops: Teamwork and collaboration (<.001), patient-centered care (<.001), and sense of professional identity (<.05). The differences from the overall survey were also significant (<0.001). Conclusions: A favorable change was demonstrated in the responses of the students after the workshops, overalland in all the dimensions of the survey. In the comments, the students highlighted the relevance of learning with students from other careers, describing that it increased their knowledge about different professions and strengthening the impact that this integration has in improving attention and resolving health problems.

Endostatin- and interleukin-2-expressing retroviral bicistronic vector for gene therapy of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is one of the most treatment-resistant malignancies. Despite all new therapeutic advances, almost all patients develop resistance to treatment and cure is rarely seen. In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor effect of a bicistronic retrovirus vector encoding both endostatin (ES) and interleukin (IL)-2 using an orthotopic metastatic RCC mouse model. METHODS: Balb/C-bearing Renca cells were treated with NIH/3T3-LendIRES-IL-2-SN cells. In the survival studies, mice were monitored daily until they died. At the end of the in vivo experiment, serum levels of IL-2 and ES were measured, the lung was weighed, and the number of metastatic nodules, nodule area, tumor vessels and proliferation of tumor-infiltrating Renca cells were determined. RESULTS: Inoculation of NIH/3T3-LendIRES-IL-2-SN cells resulted in an increase in ES and IL-2 levels in the treated group (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in lung wet weight, lung nodule area and tumor vessels in the treated group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The proliferation of Renca cells in the bicistronic-treated group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the probability of survival was significantly higher for mice submitted to bicistronic therapy (log-rank test, p = 0.0016). Bicistronic therapy caused an increase in the infiltration of CD4, CD4 interferon (IFN)γ-producing, CD8, CD8 IFNγ-producing and natural killer (CD49b) cells. CONCLUSIONS: Retroviral bicistronic gene transfer led to the secretion of functional ES and IL-2 that was sufficiently active to: (i) inhibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation and (ii) increase the infiltration of immune cells.

Immobilized kidney 28-kDa endostatin-related (KES28kDa) fragment promotes endothelial cell survival.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Renal ischemia-hypoxia is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Ischemia causes extracellular matrix breakdown of the tubular basement membrane. Endostatin (ES) is the C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII generated by proteolytic cleavage. Recent studies have demonstrated that ES expression is upregulated in ischemic kidneys. The present study aimed to characterize ES from ischemic kidneys. METHODS: Ischemic renal failure was induced via 45 min of occlusion of the left renal artery and vein. After the ischemic period, blood was collected. Kidneys were harvested and used for immunohistochemical testing and protein extraction. Three-step purification was used. Soluble and immobilized purified ES were tested in cell viability and adhesion assays. results: The soluble KES28kDa inhibited endothelial cell proliferation: 25 versus 12.5 microg (p < 0.05); 12.5 versus 3.15 microg (p < 0.05). Immobilization of KES28kDa supports endothelial cell survival over the control (p = 0.021). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells plated on immobilized KES28kDa showed an increase in membrane ruffles and stress fibers. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the local synthesis of a 28-kDa ES-related fragment following AKI and suggest its role in endothelium survival.

Immobilized kidney 28-kda endostatin-related (KES28kDa) fragment promotes endothelial cell survival

Background/Objective: Renal ischemia-hypoxia is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Ischemia causes extracellular matrix breakdown of the tubular basement membrane. Endostatin (ES) is the C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII generated by proteolytic cleavage. Recent studies have demonstrated that ES expression is upregulated in ischemic kidneys. The present study aimed to characterize ES from ischemic kidneys. Methods: Ischemic renal failure was induced via 45 min of occlusion of the left renal artery and vein. After the ischemic period, blood was collected. Kidneys were harvested and used for immunohistochemical testing and protein extraction. Three-step purification was used. Soluble and immobilized purified ES were tested in cell viability and adhesion assays. Results: The soluble KES28kDa inhibited endothelial cell proliferation: 25 versus 12.5 ìg (p < 0.05); 12.5 versus 3.15 ìg (p < 0.05). Immobilization of KES28kDa supports endothelial cell survival over the control (p = 0.021). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells plated on immobilized KES28kDa showed an increase in membrane ruffles and stress fibers. Conclusion: These data demonstrate the local synthesis of a 28-kDa ES-related fragment following AKI and suggest its role in endothelium survival.

Variation in the distribution of trace elements in renal cell carcinoma.

The development of cancer is a complex, multistage process during which a normal cell undergoes genetic changes that result in phenotypic alterations and in the acquisition of the ability to invade other sites. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to estimate the contents of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, and Zn in healthy kidney and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and significant differences were found for all elements. Along with the progression of the malignant disease, a progressive decrease of Cd and K was observed. In fact, for Cd, the concentration in stage T4 was 263.9 times lower than in stage T1, and for K, the concentration in stage T4 was 1.73 times lower than in stage T1. Progressive accumulation was detected for P, Pb, and Zn in stage T4. For P, the concentration in stage T4 was 11.1 times higher than in stage T1; for Pb, the concentration in stage T4 was 232.7 times higher than in T1; and for Zn, the concentration in T4 was 8.452 times higher than in T1. This study highlights the marked differences in the concentrations of selected trace metals in different malignant tumor stages. These findings indicate that some trace metals may play important roles in the pathogenesis of RCC.