Impacto del uso de la mascarilla durante la realización de la prueba de esfuerzo en tapiz rodante / Impact of face masks during the treadmill exercise tests

Introducción y objetivos: Existe poca literatura sobre el uso de la mascarilla en la realización de una prueba de esfuerzo (PE) durante la pandemia de COVID-19. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto del uso de la mascarilla durante la realización de una PE en un grupo de pacientes que han realizado al menos una PE con y sin mascarilla.MétodosEstudio observacional retrospectivo unicéntrico de pacientes sometidos a una PE con tapiz rodante. El criterio de inclusión fue tener más de 16años y haber realizado al menos una PE en época prepandemia (sin mascarilla) y pospandemia (con mascarilla).ResultadosUn total de 1.655 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio; 935 (56,5%) eran varones y 720 (43,5%) eran mujeres. La edad media fue de 57,3±14,9 años y el tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 15,4 meses. El 53% de los pacientes presentaron antecedentes personales de hipertensión arterial; el 20%, dislipemia; el 12%, diabetes mellitus; el 8%, hábito tabáquico; el 19%, cardiopatía isquémica; el 5%, EPOC; el 8%, asma bronquial, y el 8%, fibrilación auricular. En la casi totalidad de las variables estudiadas en la PE, incluida la aparición de arritmias ventriculares, no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas, ni por edad ni por sexo, salvo la existencia de una muy leve disminución en la capacidad de ejercicio con el uso de mascarilla en los pacientes de mayor edad (>65años).ConclusionesEl uso de mascarillas quirúrgicas o FFP2 durante la PE no afectó a la capacidad funcional, a la presión arterial, a la frecuencia cardiaca ni incrementó las arritmias ventriculares. (AU)

Introduction and objective: There is little literature on the use of face masks in a treadmill test (TMT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of face masks during a TMT performed during the prepandemic (without face mask) and postpandemic (with face mask) era.MethodsRetrospective observational unicentric study of patients undergoing TMT. The inclusion criterion were being over 16years old and having performed at least one TMT in the prepandemic and postpandemic period.ResultsOne thousand six hundred fifty-five patients were included in the study. Nine hundred thirty-five (56.5%) were men and 720 (43.5%) women. The mean age was 57.3±14.9 and the mean follow-up time was 15.4 months. Fifty-three percent patients had arterial hypertension, 20% dyslipidemia, 12% diabetes mellitus, 8% smoking habit, 19% personal history of ischemic heart disease, 5% COPD, 8% bronchial asthma, and 8% atrial fibrillation. In almost all the variables studied in PE, including the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias, no significant differences were found, neither by age nor sex, except for the existence of a very slight decrease in exercise capacity with mask use in older patients (>65years).ConclusionsThe use of surgical or FFP2 face masks during the TMT did not affect functional capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, or increased ventricular arrhythmias. (AU)

Impact of face masks during the treadmill exercise tests. / Impacto del uso de la mascarilla durante la realización de la prueba de esfuerzo en tapiz rodante.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: There is little literature on the use of face masks in a treadmill test (TMT) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of face masks during a TMT performed during the prepandemic (without face mask) and postpandemic (with face mask) era. METHODS: Retrospective observational unicentric study of patients undergoing TMT. The inclusion criterion were being over 16years old and having performed at least one TMT in the prepandemic and postpandemic period. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred fifty-five patients were included in the study. Nine hundred thirty-five (56.5%) were men and 720 (43.5%) women. The mean age was 57.3±14.9 and the mean follow-up time was 15.4 months. Fifty-three percent patients had arterial hypertension, 20% dyslipidemia, 12% diabetes mellitus, 8% smoking habit, 19% personal history of ischemic heart disease, 5% COPD, 8% bronchial asthma, and 8% atrial fibrillation. In almost all the variables studied in PE, including the appearance of ventricular arrhythmias, no significant differences were found, neither by age nor sex, except for the existence of a very slight decrease in exercise capacity with mask use in older patients (>65years). CONCLUSIONS: The use of surgical or FFP2 face masks during the TMT did not affect functional capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, or increased ventricular arrhythmias.

Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of a library of oxadiazole-containing hybrids.

The development of hybrid compounds led to the discovery of new pharmacologically active agents for some of the most critical diseases, including cancer. Herein, we describe a new series of oxadiazole-containing structures designed by a molecular hybridization approach. Penicillin derivatives and amino acids were linked to amino acid and aromatic moieties through the formation of a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. Alternatively, condensation between amino acid-derived hydrazides and an activated penicillanic acid led to a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole penicillin-containing hybrids and non-cyclized diacylhydrazides. From the cytotoxicity assays it is highlighted that two 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and one 1,3,4-oxadiazole connecting a penicillin and aliphatic amino acids displayed a high degree of cytotoxic selectivity, ranging between being three and four times more potent against tumor cells than normal cells. The results give a very interesting perspective suggesting that these hybrid compounds can offer a novel antitumor scaffold with promising cytotoxicity profiles.

Antitumor activity of new chemical compounds in triple negative mammary adenocarcinoma models.

AIM: According to the need for the development of new anticancer agents, we have synthetized novel bioactive compounds and aimed to determine their antitumor action. MATERIALS & METHODS: We describe in vitro studies evaluating the effect of 35 novel chemical compounds on two triple negative murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Three compounds were selected because of their high antitumor activity and their low toxicity to normal cells. Their effect on tumor cells apoptosis, clonogenicity and migratory capacity, were determined. We found that the selected compounds showed inhibition of viability and clonogenic capacity, and promotion of apoptosis. They also decreased the migratory capacity of tumor cells. The results obtained suggest the likelihood of their future use as antitumor and/or antimetastatic agents.

IL10 rs1800872 Is Associated with Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Exacerbated Respiratory Disease in Mexican-Mestizo Patients.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is a disease integrated by asthma, nasal polyps, and hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Genetic association studies have explored single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in theoretical pathophysiological mechanisms, but most of these lack replication of findings in second populations. Our objective was to evaluate the association of SNPs in candidate genomic regions described in Asian and European subjects with N-ERD in Mexican-mestizo patients. We designed a replicative study in two stages. We included 381 SNPs selected by fine mapping of associated genes in a microarray, which were tested in three groups: N-ERD (N), asthma (A), and control group (CG); by means of GoldenGate array, positive results by genetic models were validated in the second stage in another population through qPCR with the same methodology. In the allelic model, we identified 11 SNPs in N vs. CG comparison, and five in N vs. A and A vs. CG, respectively. By genetics models, all SNPs in PPARG, rs13239058 in TBXAS1, and rs1554286 and rs1800872 in IL10 were associated in both models. In the second stage, only rs1800872CC showed an association in the dominant model comparing N vs. GC, p = 0.004, OR = 0.44. In conclusion, rs1800872 in IL10 was the only associated with N-ERD in Mexican-mestizo patients.

Salud pública e inestabilidad política en Venezuela durante los gobiernos de Guzmán Blanco, 1870-1888 / Public health and political instability in Venezuela during the governments of Guzmán Blanco, 1870-1888

En este artículo se analiza cómo durante el guzmancismo, los ciclos epidémicos ocasionaban en el gobierno un ambiente de desconfianza y tensión política, porque de manera equivocada se pensaba que eran empleados por algunos opositores para incidir en el cierre de los puertos, paralizar el intercambio, cortar el flujo de recursos económicos provenientes del comercio exterior y obtener así beneficios políticos. El gobierno se movilizaba para evitar rumores y reprimir cualquier tipo de acción política al respecto, con el fin de impedir que la oposición diera uso político a los ciclos epidémicos; también ejecutaba con eficiencia una política de información que, desde los Consulados, le permitía estar al corriente acerca del movimiento de los barcos y su situación sanitaria interna; además se desarrolló un conjunto de previsiones nacionales e internacionales altamente benéficas en el control y manejo de los períodos epidémicos. [AU]