TCR-γ expression in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.

Primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphomas (PCGD-TCLs) are considered a subgroup of aggressive cytotoxic T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs). We have taken advantage of a new, commercially available antibody that recognizes the T-cell receptor-γ (TCR-γ) subunit of the TCR in paraffin-embedded tissue. We have analyzed a series of 146 primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas received for consultation or a second opinion in the CNIO Pathology Department. Cases were classified according to the World Health Organization 2008 classification as mycosis fungoides (MF; n=96), PCGD-TCLs (n=5), pagetoid reticulosis (n=6), CD30(+) primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphomas (n=5), primary cutaneous CD8 aggressive epidermotropic CTCLs (n=3), primary cutaneous CTCL, not otherwise specified (n=4), and extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphomas primarily affecting the skin or subcutaneous tissue (n=11). Sixteen cases of the newly named lymphomatoid papulosis type D (LyP-D; n=16) were also included. In those cases positive for TCR-γ, a further panel of 13 antibodies was used for analysis, including TIA-1, granzyme B, and perforin. Clinical and follow-up data were recorded in all cases. Twelve cases (8.2%) were positive for TCR-γ, including 5 PCGD-TCLs, 2 MFs, and 5 LyP-Ds. All 5 PCGD-TCL patients and 1 MF patient died of the disease, whereas the other MF patient and all those with LyP-D were alive. All cases expressed cytotoxic markers, were frequently CD3(+)/CD8(+), and tended to lose CD5 and CD7 expressions. Eight of 12 and 5 of 11 cases were CD30(+) and CD56(+), respectively. Interestingly, 5/12 TCR-γ-positive cases also expressed TCR-BF1. All cases analyzed were negative for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. In conclusion, TCR-γ expression seems to be rare and is confined to cytotoxic primary cutaneous TCLs. Nevertheless, its expression is not exclusive to PCGD-TCLs, as TCR-γ protein can be found in other CTCLs. Moreover, its expression does not seem to be associated with bad prognosis by itself, as it can be found in cases with good and bad outcomes.

Beneficios del aceite de oliva / Beneficial effects of olive oil

Los hábitos alimentarios en las sociedades desarrolladas han experimentado cambios muy importantes en las últimas décadas, predominando el consumo de alimentos refinados, alimentos de origen animal y donde la presencia de frutas, verduras, legumbres y cereales integrales se aleja de las recomendaciones científicas actuales. La evidencia epidemiológica y científica disponible pone de relieve el interés de la llamada "Dieta Mediterránea" como patrón de consumo alimentario saludable y deseable desde un punto de vista preventivo y de promoción de la salud en comparación con los hábitos predominantes en la actualidad. Este modelo de consumo se caracteriza fundamentalmente por la presencia del aceite de oliva como principal fuente de grasa, abundante consumo de alimentos de origen vegetal que incluyen cereales, verduras, frutas y frutos secos, junto con un consumo moderado de carnes, lácteos y pescados. Es cada vez mayor el número de estudios que evidencian el interés del aceite de oliva en la dieta por su contenido en ácido oleico y sustancias antioxidantes. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de las propiedades de este alimento tradicional y característico de la dieta de los países del área Mediterránea (AU)