Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics / Efeito do glicerol sobre a cinética da fermentação in vitro

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeds has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.(AU)

O interesse na utilização da glicerina bruta na alimentação animal ressurge, devido ao aumento na disponibilidade e preço favorável, como conseqüência da expansão das indústrias de biocombustíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição do milho por diferentes níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta sobre a fermentação ruminal através da digestibilidade in vitro verdadeira. As dietas experimentais consistiram na substituição do milho por glicerol (0; 4; 8 e 12%) na matéria seca da dieta (MS). As dietas eram compostas por 60% de feno de alfafa e 40% de grão de milho e o glicerol foi adicionado, substituindo o milho nas dietas. Além de trabalhar com as 48 horas tradicionais, foram utilizados diferentes horários de digestibilidade in vitro (0; 4; 8; 16; 48; 72 e 96 horas), com a finalidade de estudar a cinética da digestão. A substituição do milho por níveis crescente de glicerina bruta na dieta não afetou a concentração de N-NH3, o teor de energia metabolizável, as digestibilidades in vitro da matéria orgânica da fibra em detergente neutro, bem como os parâmetros da degradação ruminal. Portanto, esse subproduto da produção do biodiesel deve ser testado in vivo como uma alternativa energética na formulação de dietas para ruminantes.(AU)

Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics / Efeito do glicerol sobre a cinética da fermentação in vitro

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeds has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

O interesse na utilização da glicerina bruta na alimentação animal ressurge, devido ao aumento na disponibilidade e preço favorável, como conseqüência da expansão das indústrias de biocombustíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição do milho por diferentes níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta sobre a fermentação ruminal através da digestibilidade in vitro verdadeira. As dietas experimentais consistiram na substituição do milho por glicerol (0; 4; 8 e 12%) na matéria seca da dieta (MS). As dietas eram compostas por 60% de feno de alfafa e 40% de grão de milho e o glicerol foi adicionado, substituindo o milho nas dietas. Além de trabalhar com as 48 horas tradicionais, foram utilizados diferentes horários de digestibilidade in vitro (0; 4; 8; 16; 48; 72 e 96 horas), com a finalidade de estudar a cinética da digestão. A substituição do milho por níveis crescente de glicerina bruta na dieta não afetou a concentração de N-NH3, o teor de energia metabolizável, as digestibilidades in vitro da matéria orgânica da fibra em detergente neutro, bem como os parâmetros da degradação ruminal. Portanto, esse subproduto da produção do biodiesel deve ser testado in vivo como uma alternativa energética na formulação de dietas para ruminantes.

Primary cutaneous centrofollicular lymphoma with a good response to radiotherapy.

Primary cutaneous lymphomas have different clinical behavior and prognosis than systemic lymphomas of similar histological subtype. About 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas involve extranodal tissues, the skin being the second most affected body organ after the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 18%). According to the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) classification, the lymphoma centrofollicular is indolent, since the lesions increase in size slowly over the years and spread to extracutaneous sites is uncommon. Based on this, radiotherapy has been considered the treatment of choice by many studies. We present the case of a patient who had cutaneous centrofollicular scalp lymphoma for 1 year and showed good response to radiotherapy.

Primary cutaneous centrofollicular lymphoma with a good response to radiotherapy / Linfoma centrofolicular cutaneo primario com boa resposta a radioterapia

Primary cutaneous lymphomas have different clinical behavior and prognosis than systemic lymphomas of similar histological subtype. About 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas involve extranodal tissues, the skin being the second most affected body organ after the gastrointestinal tract (approximately 18%). According to the EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) classification, the lymphoma centrofollicular is indolent, since the lesions increase in size slowly over the years and spread to extracutaneous sites is uncommon. Based on this, radiotherapy has been considered the treatment of choice by many studies. We present the case of a patient who had cutaneous centrofollicular scalp lymphoma for 1 year and showed good response to radiotherapy.

Os linfomas cutâneos primários têm comportamento clínico e prognóstico diferente dos linfomas sistêmicos de subtipo histológico semelhante. Cerca de 30% dos linfomas não-Hodgkin acometem tecidos extranodais, sendo a pele o segundo órgão mais envolvido após o trato gastrointestinal (aproximadamente 18%). De acordo com a classificação EORTC (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer), o linfoma centrofolicular cutâneo é indolente, uma vez que as lesões aumentam de tamanho lentamente ao longo dos anos e a disseminação para sitios extracutâneos é incomum. Com base nisso, a radioterapia tem sido apontada como o tratamento de primeira escolha por muitos estudos. Apresentamos um caso de paciente com linfoma cutâneo centrofolicular no couro cabeludo há 1 ano e que apresentou boa resposta à radioterapia.

Isomorphic phenomenon of Koebner: facts and controversies.

Heinrich Koebner (1838-1904) presented in a meeting in 1872 and reported in 1877 the emergence of psoriatic lesions following trauma to healthy skin areas of patients with psoriasis. Since then, the Koebner phenomenon has been the subject of research, as it offers a unique opportunity in the investigation of the disease, especially in experimental studies, when this dermatosis may be observed in all its phases. Establishing the differences between Koebner, Wolf, Renbök, reverse Koebner, pseudo-Koebner phenomena, and pathergy is sometimes unclear. We review the various aspects of the Koebner phenomenon's clinical description and presentation, pathophysiology, histopathology, reverse phenomenon, therapeutic treatments, and prevention.

Avaliação do potencial nutricional da casca proteinada de soja para a alimentação de ruminantes / Evaluation of nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull for feeding ruminants

Background: The agro-industrial by-products constitute valuable sources of nutrients for animal production, however, assessing the potential for the use of by-products arising from the food industry is essential to minimize production costs and maximize production meat. For formulation of diets nutritionally viable, is of fundamental importance to know the nutritional value of foods. For this, one must determine the chemical composition, nutrient availability, concentration and availability of energy from food. The protein soybean hull is the residue coming from the technological process of extraction of soy protein, with is originally called primary sludge. To this is added 50% soybean hull and dried, resulting in the product called protein soybean hull. This work was carried out in order to assess through chemical studies the nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull its utilization for feed sheep in replace soybean meal, because currently there is no available scientific studies on the effect of using protein soybean hull in the ruminant animals diet. Materials, Methods & Results: For this, samples of soybean protein hull were collected from a benefited soy industry in different batches to evaluate the variability in chemical composition of experimental material, dried at 55°C in a forced air oven for 72 h and ground (Willey mill type) in screen of a millimeter. The samples of soybean protein hull were analyzed for dry matter, mineral matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, total carbohydrates, nonfiber carbohydrates, crude energy, crude fiber, neutral and acid detergent fiber. Protein quality was evaluated through levels of urease and protein solubility. The soybean protein hull showed high levels of dry matter (85.17 to 87.99%), representing a good potential for conservation of this by-product during storage. The high content of ash (8.13%) is possibly due to the presence of silica originating from the soybean hull present in the soybean protein hull. The crude protein content of 30.69% represents 68% of crude protein content of soybean meal. The ether extract (2.08%) is within the normal range for a constituent ingredient of feed for sheep. In the seven samples only one did not have appropriate value for non-fiber carbohydrates (4.3%) possibly necessitating supplementation of energy and undegradable protein in the diet of sheep. The energy concentration of the soybean protein hull determinates in calorimetric bomb was 4.2 Mcal/kg. For the levels of urease and protein solubility were obtained the average values of 0.02 and 35.41%, respectively. Discussion: The average value of neutral detergent fiber found in the soybean protein hull was 47.56% approximately 3.5 times the amount of soybean meal. The values of acid detergent fiber ranged from 34.68 to 38.27%. The protein soybean hull has 3.5 times more neutral detergent fiber, 68% crude protein and 58% of the metabolizable energy do soybean meal, can therefore be considered a roughage by-product and may be used for sheep diet in replace of soybean meal. The industrial production of soybean protein hull was quite homogeneous due to small variation in the different chemical constituents analyzed in the seven batches and the rates of protein quality can be better evaluated in animal experiments.(AU)

Avaliação do potencial nutricional da casca proteinada de soja para a alimentação de ruminantes / Evaluation of nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull for feeding ruminants

Background: The agro-industrial by-products constitute valuable sources of nutrients for animal production, however, assessing the potential for the use of by-products arising from the food industry is essential to minimize production costs and maximize production meat. For formulation of diets nutritionally viable, is of fundamental importance to know the nutritional value of foods. For this, one must determine the chemical composition, nutrient availability, concentration and availability of energy from food. The protein soybean hull is the residue coming from the technological process of extraction of soy protein, with is originally called primary sludge. To this is added 50% soybean hull and dried, resulting in the product called protein soybean hull. This work was carried out in order to assess through chemical studies the nutritional potential of the protein soybean hull its utilization for feed sheep in replace soybean meal, because currently there is no available scientific studies on the effect of using protein soybean hull in the ruminant animals diet. Materials, Methods & Results: For this, samples of soybean protein hull were collected from a benefited soy industry in different batches to evaluate the variability in chemical composition of experimental material, dried at 55°C in a forced air oven for 72 h and ground (Willey mill type) in screen of a millimeter. The samples of soybean protein hull were analyzed for dry matter, mineral matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, total carbohydrates, nonfiber carbohydrates, crude energy, crude fiber, neutral and acid detergent fiber. Protein quality was evaluated through levels of urease and protein solubility. The soybean protein hull showed high levels of dry matter (85.17 to 87.99%), representing a good potential for conservation of this by-product during storage. The high content of ash (8.13%) is possibly due to the presence of silica originating from the soybean hull present in the soybean protein hull. The crude protein content of 30.69% represents 68% of crude protein content of soybean meal. The ether extract (2.08%) is within the normal range for a constituent ingredient of feed for sheep. In the seven samples only one did not have appropriate value for non-fiber carbohydrates (4.3%) possibly necessitating supplementation of energy and undegradable protein in the diet of sheep. The energy concentration of the soybean protein hull determinates in calorimetric bomb was 4.2 Mcal/kg. For the levels of urease and protein solubility were obtained the average values of 0.02 and 35.41%, respectively. Discussion: The average value of neutral detergent fiber found in the soybean protein hull was 47.56% approximately 3.5 times the amount of soybean meal. The values of acid detergent fiber ranged from 34.68 to 38.27%. The protein soybean hull has 3.5 times more neutral detergent fiber, 68% crude protein and 58% of the metabolizable energy do soybean meal, can therefore be considered a roughage by-product and may be used for sheep diet in replace of soybean meal. The industrial production of soybean protein hull was quite homogeneous due to small variation in the different chemical constituents analyzed in the seven batches and the rates of protein quality can be better evaluated in animal experiments.