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Purpose: Fasting or postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is considered an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. The intestinal fatty acid binding protein (FABP2) is involved in the intracellular transport and metabolism of fatty acids. The presence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene appears to be involved in postprandial hypertriglyceridemia. We explored the possible association of the Ala54Thr polymorphism with fat intolerance in apparently healthy, fasting, normolipidemic subjects with normal body-mass index and without diabetes. Methodology: A total of 158 apparently healthy individuals were classified as fat tolerant (n = 123) or intolerant (n = 35) according to their response (plasma triglycerides) to an oral abbreviated tolerance test with blood samples taken at 0, 2 and 4 h. At 0 h, all subjects ingested 26.3 g of fats. Presence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene was evaluated by polymerase chain reactionâ»restriction fragment length (PCRâ»RFLP). Results: The group with fat intolerance (postprandial hypertriglyceridemia group) showed an increased frequency of the Thr54Thr genotype when compared with the group with normal fat tolerance (control group) (23% vs. 4%, respectively, OR: 16.53, 95% CI: 4.09â»66.82, p: 0.0001, pc: 0.0003). Carriers of at least one Thr54 allele were up to six times more prevalent in the fat intolerant group than in the non-carriers. (OR: 6.35; 95% CI: 1.86â»21.59, p: 0.0003, pc: 0.0009). The levels of plasma triglycerides (Tg) at 4 h after the test meal were higher in carriers of at least one 54Thr allele than in carriers of the Ala54 allele (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant association between postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of at least one 54Thr allele of the FABP2 gene. In addition, subjects with this genotype showed an increased ratio of Tg/HDL-cholesterol. This parameter is a marker of increased CVD risk and insulin resistance.
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BACKGROUND: Postprandial increase of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins augments the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. We explored the hypothesis that a simplified oral fat tolerance test can uncover differences in postprandial triglyceride response associated with potentially atherogenic lipoprotein characteristics, even in a cohort of apparently healthy 31-year-old [mean (SD), 31 (11)] nonobese individuals with normal fasting lipids and lipoproteins. METHODS: We used a fat tolerance test in 96 females and 62 males with blood sampled at 0, 2, and 4 h after a breakfast containing 26.3 g of fats. The postprandial triglyceride response was used to classify the individuals in apparently fat-tolerant and apparently fat-intolerant participants. RESULTS: The intolerant individuals were found to have at 0 h significantly higher body mass index, plasma triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol and lower apolipoprotein (apo) AI and HDL cholesterol than the tolerant individuals. More than 70% of the variability (r2) of the postprandial response in tolerant and intolerant individuals measured as area under the curve or, at a single point at 4 h after the oral fat load, was linearly correlated with 0-h triglycerides (P < 0001). Fasting lipoprotein parameters, proposed to be markers of cardiovascular risk, as the ratios apo B/apo AI, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides/HDL cholesterol, were increased in the intolerant individuals. CONCLUSIONS: A simplified oral fat tolerance test, even when used in an apparently healthy, nonobese, normolipidemic cohort, detected that an increased postprandial triglycerides response was associated with augmented lipoprotein markers of increased cardiovascular risk.
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Plasma phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)) hydrolyze phospholipids of circulating lipoproteins or deposited in arteries producing bioactive lipids believed to contribute to the atherosclerotic inflammatory response. PLA(2)(s) are elevated in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) but it is not clear which of these conditions is the cause since they frequently coexist. This study attempts to evaluate if high plasma PLA(2)(s) activities and markers of their effects in lipoproteins are associated with obesity or T2D diabetes, or with both. Total PLA(2) and Ca(2+)-dependent and -independent activities, lipids, lipoproteins, apoAI, and apoB apolipoproteins and affinity of apoB-lipoproteins for arterial proteoglycans were measured, as well as Inflammation markers. These parameters were evaluated in plasma samples of four groups: (i) apparently healthy controls with normal BMI (nBMI), (ii) obese subjects with no T2D, (iii) patients with T2D but with nBMI, and (iv) obese patients with T2D. PLA(2) activities were measured in the presence and absence of Ca(2+) and in the presence of specific inhibitors. Obese subjects, with or without T2D, had high activities of total PLA(2) and of Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent enzymes. The activities were correlated with inflammation markers in obese subjects with and without diabetes and with alterations of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) that increased their affinity for arterial proteoglycans. Ca(2+)-dependent secretory (sPLA(2)) enzymes were the main responsible of the obesity-associated high activity. We speculate that augmented PLA(2)(s) activity that increases affinity of circulating LDL for arterial intima proteoglycans could be another atherogenic component of obesity.
Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Mediadores da Inflamação/sangue , Obesidade/sangue , Fosfolipases A2/sangue , Proteoglicanas/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cálcio/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade/complicações , Valores de ReferênciaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Matriz Extracelular , Lipoproteínas LDL , Medicina , VenezuelaAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/sangue , Hipertrigliceridemia/etiologia , Lipídeos/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/complicações , Colesterol/sangue , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Resumo em Inglês , Hipertrigliceridemia/sangue , Lactente , Infecções/complicações , Lipase Lipoproteica/deficiência , Lipoproteínas VLDL/sangue , Fígado/enzimologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
El tema de las grasas, como nutriente importante para la salud, ha sido objeto de muchas controversias dentro del campo de la medicina y de la nutrición. Esta monografía nos presenta las ideas científicas de mayor actualidad sobre el tema, los autores utilizaron un lenguaje objetivo, ilustrativo y sencillo para exponer los puntos sobre el papel de las grasas en el organismo, distribución en los diferentes alimentos y las consecuencias positivas y negativas de su consumo. La obra constituye una guía para todas aquellas personas interesadas en atender su salud y regimen alimenticio
Assuntos
Humanos , Gorduras/metabolismo , Gorduras/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Se evaluó la actividad antihipertensiva y tolerancia del prazosin (PRZ), un bloqueador adrenérgico alfa-1 selectivo, en 164 pacientes adultos de ambos sexos, con edad comprendida entre 21-28 años con diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial esencial (HTA) leve y moderada (presión arterial diastólica 90-104 mmHg y 105-114 mmHg, respectivamente) en un diseño abierto multicéntrico no comparativo. Se administró placebo por dos semanas y luego se inició el tratamiento con PRZ a la dosis de 1-10 mg/día, durante 8 semanas. La administración de PRZ se tradujo en un significado descenso de la presión arterial sistólica (PAS y presión arterial diastólica (PAD) en posición supina y de pie, de 23/21 y 26.1/21.6 mmHg respectivamente, al cabo de 8 semanas (p<0.01). No se observaron cambios significativos en la frecuencia cardíaca o en el peso corporal. 44 pacientes (26.8%) manifestaron efectos indeseables al tratamiento con PRZ (principalmente debilidad y mareos) que obligaron a la descontración de la terapia en 10 de ellos (6.1%). Se alcanzó el control de las cifras tensionales (PAD 90 mmHg) en el 80.8% de los pacientes con HTA levs y en el 67.9% de los pacientes con HTA moderada al cabo de 5 semanas de terapia