RESUMO
High-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction has been used to trap both the low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) states of the iron(II) Hofmann spin crossover framework, [FeII (pdm)(H2 O)[Ag(CN)2 ]2 â H2 O, under identical experimental conditions, allowing the structural changes arising from the spin-transition to be deconvoluted from previously reported thermal effects.
RESUMO
The behaviour of nanoparticle-modified electrodes is compared and contrasted with that of conventional unmodified macroelectrodes.
RESUMO
Electrode kinetic data for the electro-reduction of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous solution are compared for bulk silver macro-electrodes and arrays of silver nanoparticles of size 15-50 nm. The electrode kinetics and mechanism change qualitatively and quantitatively.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nitrofenóis/química , Prata/química , Eletrodos , Cinética , Oxirredução , Tamanho da Partícula , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
The use of nanoparticles in electroanalysis is an area of research which is continually expanding. A wealth of research is available discussing the synthesis, characterization and application of nanoparticles. The unique properties of nanoparticulate materials (e.g. enhanced mass transport, high surface area, improved signal-to-noise ratio) can often be advantageous in electroanalytical techniques. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated overview of the work in this field. In this review we have concentrated on the advances with regards to silver, gold, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, copper and nickel. The synthesis, characterization and practical application of these materials are discussed. We have also identified the conditions under which each metal is likely to be stable, which is likely to be a useful tool for those practising in the field. Furthermore, we have provided a theoretical overview of advances in the theoretical modelling and simulation of nanoparticle behaviour.
