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1.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 952021 Oct 08.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34620823

RESUMO

Our country has achieved one of the highest life expectancies in the world, but this increase has not been matched by a similar growth in healthy life years. Maintaining people's functional capacity as they grow older is essential to provide quality of life for the years they have gained, acting on factors that are modifiable and therefore subject to intervention, such as frailty. This is why it was one of the prioritised interventions in the Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy of the Spanish NHS, which began in 2013. In the collective effort to meet the challenge of addressing frailty, the Autonomous Communities and Cities (AACC) have played a key role in implementing actions on the prevention of frailty and falls in the elderly. The 2019 evaluation of the 3 Consensus document on frailty and falls prevention among the elderly showed very positive data, with high or very high implementation in the AACC. The COVID-19 pandemic has also conditioned the approach to frailty. Frailty has been shown to be a risk factor for the development of illness and death, while COVID-19 has been shown to be a frailty generator. To facilitate the care of the elderly and the approach to frailty, the Ministry of Health, within the EPSP Frailty and Falls Working Group, developed the document of Recommendations for the approach to frailty in the health crisis situation generated by the COVID-19. The future of the approach to frailty in the EPSP is set out in the Roadmap for Addressing Frailty, developed in the framework of the EPSP and the ADVANTAGE Joint Action, which aims to contribute to making frailty a public health priority and to promote its approach at population and individual level, including prevention, early population detection and surveillance/monitoring, from an integrated and coordinated model of care, without forgetting the strengthening of training and research. In the current situation of tension in the socio-health system, which has manifested itself since the COVID-19 crisis, it is necessary to articulate how to continue to provide quality care, not only for the acute situation, but also for other situations such as frailty, care for chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes and physical, mental and social needs. A disability-free life expectancy must be based on the promotion of active and healthy ageing to ensure that older people maintain maximum functional capacity. To this end, it is essential to assess and prevent or reverse frailty, avoiding progression to disability and further overburdening of the system, individuals, families and society as a whole.


Nuestro país ha alcanzado una de las esperanzas de vida más altas del mundo, pero este incremento no se ha acompañado de un crecimiento similar en años de vida en buena salud. Para dotar de calidad de vida los años ganados, es fundamental mantener la capacidad funcional de las personas a medida que envejecen, actuando en factores que son modificables y, por tanto, sujetos a intervención, como la fragilidad. Por ello, ésta fue una de las intervenciones priorizadas en la Estrategia de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención en el SNS (EPSP), que comenzó en el año 2013. En el esfuerzo colectivo por afrontar el reto del abordaje de la fragilidad, las comunidades y ciudades autónomas (CCAA) han tenido un papel fundamental en la implementación de acciones sobre la prevención de la fragilidad y caídas en la persona mayor. La evaluación de 2019 del Documento de consenso sobre prevención de fragilidad y caídas en la persona mayor, arrojó datos muy positivos, con una implementación alta o muy alta en las CCAA. La pandemia de COVID-19, ha condicionado también el abordaje de la fragilidad. Ésta se ha mostrado como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedad y fallecimiento, a la vez que la COVID-19 se ha manifestado como una enfermedad fragilizante. Para facilitar la atención de las personas mayores y el abordaje de la fragilidad desde el Ministerio de Sanidad, en el seno del Grupo de Trabajo de Fragilidad 2 y Caídas de la EPSP, se desarrolló el documento de Recomendaciones para el abordaje de la fragilidad en situación de crisis sanitaria generada por la COVID-19. El futuro del abordaje de la fragilidad en la EPSP está recogido en la Hoja de Ruta para el abordaje de la Fragilidad, elaborada en el marco de la EPSP y de la Acción Conjunta ADVANTAGE, mediante la que se propone contribuir a convertir la fragilidad en una prioridad de salud pública y a promocionar su abordaje a nivel poblacional e individual, incluyendo su prevención, detección precoz poblacional y vigilancia/monitorización, desde un modelo integrado y coordinado de cuidado, sin olvidar el fortalecimiento de la formación e investigación. En la situación actual de tensión del sistema socio-sanitario, que se ha manifestado a partir de la crisis por la COVID-19, es necesario articular cómo continuar prestando una atención de calidad, no solo a la situación aguda, sino también a otras situaciones como la fragilidad, la atención de las enfermedades crónicas, síndromes geriátricos y a las necesidades físicas, mentales y sociales. Una expectativa de vida libre de discapacidad debe basarse en la promoción de un envejecimiento activo y saludable que garantice que las personas mayores mantengan la máxima capacidad funcional. Para ello es fundamental evaluar y prevenir o revertir la fragilidad, evitando la progresión hacia la discapacidad y la mayor sobrecarga del sistema, las personas, familias y la sociedad en su conjunto.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Fragilidade , Idoso , Fragilidade/prevenção & controle , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Pandemias , Qualidade de Vida , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha
4.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 32(supl.1): 52-58, oct. 2018. tab, mapas, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-174230

RESUMO

En el marco de la Estrategia de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, la implementación local es una de las líneas consideradas prioritarias. Dicha implementación propone la adhesión voluntaria de las entidades locales para trabajar en promoción de la salud y prevención mediante la realización de dos acciones: la constitución de una mesa de coordinación intersectorial y la identificación de recursos para la promoción de la salud y la prevención en el municipio. La Guía para la Implementación Local de la Estrategia fue aprobada en 2015 por el Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud. A fecha de junio de 2018, se han adherido a ella 261 entidades locales, se han identificado 7072 recursos y 9183 actividades, y se han creado 132 mesas intersectoriales


Within the framework of the Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy of the Spanish National Health System, local implementation is considered a priority line of action. Local implementation proposes the voluntary commitment of local entities to the Strategy in order to move forward health promotion and prevention through the implementation of two actions: the creation of a coordinating inter-sectoral body and the identification of local resources for health promotion and prevention. The Guideline for the Local Implementation of the Strategy was adopted in 2015 by the Inter-territorial Council of the National Health System. By June 2018, 261 local entities had committed to the Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy, 7072 resources and 9183 activities had been identified, and 132 inter-sectoral bodies had been created


Assuntos
Humanos , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/organização & administração , Planejamento em Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Participação da Comunidade/tendências , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Estratégias de Saúde Locais , Serviços Preventivos de Saúde/organização & administração , Colaboração Intersetorial , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade/tendências , Prevenção de Doenças
5.
Gac Sanit ; 32 Suppl 1: 52-58, 2018 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30266476

RESUMO

Within the framework of the Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy of the Spanish National Health System, local implementation is considered a priority line of action. Local implementation proposes the voluntary commitment of local entities to the Strategy in order to move forward health promotion and prevention through the implementation of two actions: the creation of a coordinating inter-sectoral body and the identification of local resources for health promotion and prevention. The Guideline for the Local Implementation of the Strategy was adopted in 2015 by the Inter-territorial Council of the National Health System. By June 2018, 261 local entities had committed to the Prevention and Health Promotion Strategy, 7072 resources and 9183 activities had been identified, and 132 inter-sectoral bodies had been created.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Humanos , Prevenção Primária , Relatório de Pesquisa , Sociedades Médicas , Espanha
7.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 26(supl.1): 6-13, mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-102875

RESUMO

El sistema de salud es uno de los determinantes sociales de salud y aunque no es el más relevante, no debe desestimarse su potencial contribución a la reducción de las desigualdades sociales en la salud. Las características de la atención primaria de salud la hacen idónea para este objetivo. Una igualdad en el acceso a los servicios sanitarios, una atención proporcional a las necesidades y el trabajo conjunto con otros sectores pueden conseguir un efecto estimable en el camino hacia la equidad efectiva en salud. En este artículo se resumen los antecedentes y el marco de acción para reducir las desigualdades sociales en salud y se presenta una síntesis de propuestas de actuación en atención primaria para contribuir a este objetivo que se recogen en los documentos nacionales e internacionales más relevantes sobre políticas de salud pública. Se pretende suscitar el debate, estimular la generación del conocimiento ausente en nuestro ámbito e impulsar las acciones en la práctica. Las propuestas se presentan en cinco líneas de intervención: información para la acción, participación social, capacitación; intersectorialidad y reorientación de la atención a la salud. Cada línea de intervención se describe según los destinatarios o sujetos de la acción (ciudadanos y comunidad, equipo de atención primaria, gestión del centro y área de salud, política de salud) (AU)


The health system is a social determinant of health. Although not the most important determinant of health, the health system's potential contribution to reducing social inequalities in health should not be underestimated. Due to its characteristics, primary health care is well placed to attain equity in health. To make progress in achieving this goal, the main measures to be considered are the removal of barriers to access to services, the provision of care proportionate to need, and engagement in intersectoral work. This article reviews the background and framework for action to tackle social inequalities in health and provides a summary of the primary health care actions that could help to reduce social inequalities in health and are mentioned in the most important national and international documents on health policy. We hope to stimulate debate, promote research in the field and encourage implementation. The proposals are grouped in the following five intervention lines: information systems; participation; training; intersectoral work; and reorientation of health care. Each intervention is ordered according to its targets (population and civil society; primary health team; health center and health area management; and health policy decision-makers) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , 50207 , Acesso Universal aos Serviços de Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Avaliação de Processos e Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/tendências , Política Pública , Participação Social , Colaboração Intersetorial
8.
Gac Sanit ; 26 Suppl 1: 6-13, 2012 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22321945

RESUMO

The health system is a social determinant of health. Although not the most important determinant of health, the health system's potential contribution to reducing social inequalities in health should not be underestimated. Due to its characteristics, primary health care is well placed to attain equity in health. To make progress in achieving this goal, the main measures to be considered are the removal of barriers to access to services, the provision of care proportionate to need, and engagement in intersectoral work. This article reviews the background and framework for action to tackle social inequalities in health and provides a summary of the primary health care actions that could help to reduce social inequalities in health and are mentioned in the most important national and international documents on health policy. We hope to stimulate debate, promote research in the field and encourage implementation. The proposals are grouped in the following five intervention lines: information systems; participation; training; intersectoral work; and reorientation of health care. Each intervention is ordered according to its targets (population and civil society; primary health team; health center and health area management; and health policy decision-makers).


Assuntos
Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Centros Comunitários de Saúde/organização & administração , Participação da Comunidade , Tomada de Decisões , Objetivos , Política de Saúde , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Sistemas de Informação , Mudança Social , Espanha
9.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 84(1): 3-11, 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20376409

RESUMO

Tackling health inequalities to achieve health equity is currently one of the main challenges for developed and developing countries. Aware of this reality, and knowing how relevant for economic and social growth the inequalities in health are, the Spanish Ministry of Health and Social Policy has established "Innovation in Public Health: monitoring social determinants of health and reduction of health inequalities" as one of the priorities for the Spanish presidency of the European Union in the first semester of 2010. Furthermore, a national strategy to tackle health inequalities is being developed in the current political term. By choosing this priority, the Spanish Ministry of Health an Social Policy aims to contribute to move forward a coherent and effective agenda at both European and national level, in a new world stage more aware of the social and economic expenditure of inequity in health and its repercussions on countries welfare and development.


Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Sistemas de Informação , Saúde Pública , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Países Desenvolvidos , Países em Desenvolvimento , União Europeia , Política de Saúde , Humanos , Inovação Organizacional , Política Pública , Espanha
10.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 84(1): 3-11, ene.-feb. 2010.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-78470

RESUMO

Actualmente uno de los principales retos para las sociedades, tanto desarrolladas como en vías de desarrollo, es disminuir las desigualdades en salud para conseguir una equidad efectiva. El Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social, consciente de esta realidad y conocedor de la importancia que las desigualdades en salud tienen en el desarrollo económico y social de un país, ha establecido como prioridad para la Presidencia española de la Unión Europea del primer semestre de 2010 la «Innovación en Salud Pública: monitorización de los determinantes sociales de la salud y reducción de las desigualdades en salud». Además, para esta legislatura también se ha marcado la reducción de las desigualdades como una prioridad y se está trabajando en el desarrollo de una estrategia nacional. Al elegir esta prioridad para la Presidencia se pretende, por tanto, dar un nuevo impulso a la equidad en salud en la agenda política, tanto nacional como europea, en un momento en el que contamos con un nuevo escenario mundial más consciente del coste social y económico de la desigualdad, y de sus repercusiones en el bienestar y desarrollo de los países(AU)


Tackling health inequalities to achieve health equity is currently one of the main challenges for developed and developing countries. Aware of this reality, and knowing how relevant for economic and social growth the inequalities in health are, the Spanish Ministry of Health and Social Policy has established «Innovation in Public Health: monitoring social determinants of health and reduction of health inequalities» as one of the priorities for the Spanish presidency of the European Union in the first semester of 2010. Furthermore, a national strategy to tackle health inequalities is being developed in the current political term. By choosing this priority, the Spanish Ministry of Health an Social Policy aims to contribute to move forward a coherent and effective agenda at both European and national level, in a new world stage more aware of the social and economic expenditure of inequity in health and its repercussions on countries welfare and development(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Pública/métodos , Saúde Pública/tendências , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Indicadores Econômicos , Indicadores de Serviços , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , 34628 , Política Pública , União Europeia/economia , União Europeia/organização & administração , União Europeia/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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