Anxiety and depression among nursing students during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional correlational study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and levels of anxiety and depression symptoms among nursing students during the coronavirus lockdown, and to examine factors associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression on this population. BACKGROUND: Nursing students deal with diverse stressors during their university lives. Confinement measures during COVID-19 outbreak may have influenced students' mental health and well-being. Anxiety and depression are common among nursing students due to different factors. Evidence relating to anxiety and depression in nursing student population during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. DESIGN: A cross-sectional descriptive co-relational study during the lockdown due to the coronavirus outbreak in Spain was conducted. METHODS: An online questionnaire was developed by using google forms. Sociodemographic characteristics form, and the Spanish version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Spanish nursing students across the country were enrolled. Data collection was performed between 4 April 2020 and 21 April 2020. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 and HADS scores. RESULTS: 1319 participants were enrolled. The sample was formed by 87.1% female students with a mean age of 22 years (SD ± 5.677). We found a mean score of 8.47 ± 4.104 on Scale HADS-Anxiety and 6.80 ± 2.988 on HADS-Depression. 31.6% students presented abnormal scores of anxiety symptoms, and only 11.4% participants revealed abnormal scores on HADS-Depression. CONCLUSIONS: The reported prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms on nursing students during the COVID-19 lockdown is 56.4% and 38.2%, respectively. 43.6% of the sample scored normal anxiety levels, and 61.8% obtained normal depression levels. Higher anxiety and depression levels were statistically associated with being a first-year student, being a smoker, feeling fear, feeling stress and having any close family member infected. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These data should be valuable for detection and for further treatment decision of this disorders at the initial stage and could be important to prevent further damages to mental health and promote physical, psychological and well-being among this population.

Availability of personal protective equipment and diagnostic and treatment facilities for healthcare workers involved in COVID-19 care: A cross-sectional study in Brazil, Colombia, and Ecuador.

Many affected counties have had experienced a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the needs of healthcare professionals and the technical difficulties faced by them during the initial outbreak. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the healthcare workforce in the most populous cities from three Latin American countries in April 2020. In total, 1,082 participants were included. Of these, 534 (49.4%), 263 (24.3%), and 114 (10.5%) were physicians, nurses, and other professionals, respectively. At least 70% of participants reported a lack of PPE. The most common shortages were shortages in gown coverall suits (643, 59.4%), N95 masks (600, 55.5%), and face shields (569, 52.6%). Professionals who performed procedures that generated aerosols reported shortages more frequently (p<0.05). Professionals working in the emergency department and primary care units reported more shortages than those working in intensive care units and hospital-based wards (p<0.001). Up to 556 (51.4%) participants reported the lack of sufficient knowledge about using PPE. Professionals working in public institutions felt less prepared, received less training, and had no protocols compared with their peers in working private institutions (p<0.001). Although the study sample corresponded to different hospital centers in different cities from the participating countries, sampling was non-random. Healthcare professionals in Latin America may face more difficulties than those from other countries, with 7 out of 10 professionals reporting that they did not have the necessary resources to care for patients with COVID-19. Technical and logistical difficulties should be addressed in the event of a future outbreak, as they have a negative impact on healthcare workers. Clinical trial registration: NCT04486404.

El estudio de la fenomenología como una vía de acceso a la mejora de los cuidados de enfermería / Estudo da fenomenologia como alternativa de melhoria aos cuidados de enfermagem / The study of the phenomenology as one way of access for the improvement of the nursing assistance

En la enfermería, se observa una búsqueda creciente por las investigaciones de naturaleza cualitativa, causada por el deseo de los investigadores en conocer las experiencias de una enfermedad o determinados acontecimientos bajo el enfoque del sujeto y no sólo los aspectos fisiológicos y patológicos. El presente artículo trata de un estudio de actualización, en el cual se busca rescatar la importancia del estudio de la fenomenología para la mejoría en la calidad del cuidado de enfermería fortaleciendo a los clientes, teniendo en cuenta que nuestra profesión objetiva la satisfacción de las necesidades humanas básicas así como la promoción de un cuidado que trascienda la enfermedad y pueda articularse a la existencia de los sujetos (AU)

Na enfermagem, observa-se uma busca crescente pelas pesquisas de natureza qualitativa, ocasionada pelo desejo dos pesquisadores em conhecer as experiências de uma doença ou determinados eventos sob o enfoque do sujeito e não apenas sob os aspectos fisiopatológicos. O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo e atualização, no qual se pretende resgatar a relevância do estudo da fenomenologia para melhoria na qualidade da assistência de enfermagem prestada aos clientes, tendo em vista que a nossa profissão objetiva a satisfação das necessidades humanas básicas assim como a promoção de um cuidado que transcenda a doença, e possa articular-se à existência dos sujeitos (AU)

In the nursing, an increasing search for the research of qualitative nature, caused for the desire of the researchers in knowing the experiences of an illness not only is observed or determined events under the approach of the citizen and under the pathophysiological aspects. e present article is about an update study, in which if it intends to rescue the relevance of the study of the phenomenology for improvement in the quality of the assistance of nursing given to the customers, in view of whom our objective profession the satisfaction of the necessities basic human beings as well as the promotion of a care that exceeds the illness, and can articulate it the existence of the citizens (AU)