Epidemiological characteristics of amoebic dysentery in China, 2015-2018 / 中华流行病学杂志

To understand the characteristics and changes of the incidence of amoebic dysentery in China during 2015-2018, explore the causes of high incidence in some areas and provide a data base for the development of national prevention and control strategies and measures. Data were collected from the infectious disease reporting management information system from Chinese Disease Control and Prevention. To understand the seasonal, population and area distributions of amoebic dysentery, descriptive epidemiological method and software SPSS 16.0 were used to analyze the amoebic dysentery data. A total of 4 366 amoebic dysentery cases were reported without death in China during 2015-2018. The reported average annual incidence was 0.08/100 000, and the overall proportion of laboratory confirmed cases was 68.23(2 979/4 366). Amoeba dysentery mainly occurred during May to October. One seasonal peak was observed in 2015 and 2017 (July and June, respectively), and two seasonal peaks were observed in 2016 and 2018 (June and October). The patients were mainly children aged under 5 years (42.28, 1 846/4 366), and the incidence rate decreased with age in children aged under 10 years. Of these, children under 1 years of age had the highest incidence rate (1.28/100 000). The number of cumulative reported cases in Guangxi, Henan, Guangdong, Heilongjiang and Jiangxi provinces ranked top five from 2015-2018, accounting for 64.50 (2 816/4 366) of the total. The cumulative cases in Dongxing county, Guangxi, in Suixian county, Henan and in Ranghulu district, Heilongjiang, respectively accounted for more than 50.00 of the total number of cases in their provinces. The incidence rate of amoebic dysentery reported in China during 2015-2018 showed a decreasing trend, with a higher incidence in children under 5 years old and a higher number of cases in some areas. It is suggested to further investigate and analyze the diagnosis and reporting of amoeba dysentery in key areas and promote the update of the diagnostic standards for amoeba dysentery.

[Effect of control on infections of soil-transmitted helminthes in demonstration plots of China for 3 years].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the control strategies so as to provide the demonstration for controlling the infection of soil-transmitted helminthes (STH). METHODS: The program applied the strategies of health education intervention first, control of infection sources as the second, and carried out the treatment for the target people depending on their prevalence. Infection rates of STH, the awareness of relevant hygiene knowledge, practice in hygiene way, the usage of harmless toilets and safe water were compared with the baseline. RESULTS: A total of 2 808 141 rural people in 10 demonstration zones were covered by this program. From 2007 to 2009, the health education was conducted to 4 227 900 person-times; 259 638 harmless toilets were built; 790 673 people benefited from the safe water supply; and the treatment was given to 6 432 700 person-times. An assessment for the program in 2009 showed that 95.92% of the target people gained the relevant hygiene knowledge, 98.78% practiced in hygiene way in their daily life, which increased by 112.31% and 72.15%, respectively when comparing with those in 2006; 56.43% people used harmless toilets, which increased by 54.35%; 71.55% benefited from safe water supply, which increased by 37.20%. The average infection rate of STH was 7.75%, which reduced by 78.39%. CONCLUSIONS: The strategies applying health education combined with the control of infectious sources meet the needs of rural people in China. The establishment of demonstration zones is effective in controlling parasitic diseases.

[Application and evaluation on five health education patterns of integrated control for parasitic diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the strategy of health education in demonstration plots for controlling the infections of soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) and Clonorchis sinensis. METHODS: Health education patterns including "raining", "irrigating", "spraying", "spring", "drop irrigating" patterns were conducted in demonstration zones. Before and after the health education, the questionnaire designed referring to the standard of KAP was carried out in residents and students. The infection rates of parasitic diseases were compared. RESULTS: From 2007 to 2009, the health education was conducted to 5 042 900 person-times in 10 demonstration plots. The awareness rate of relevant hygiene knowledge was 95.99%, and the rate of hygiene way in their daily life was 98.79% in 2009, which increased by 112.80% and 78.78% respectively when comparing with those in 2007. The average infection rate of STH was 7.75%, reduced by 78.39%; and the average infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 6.99%, reduced by 83.13%. CONCLUSIONS: The strategy of health education in demonstration plots can raise public awareness of relevant hygiene knowledge and improve the practice in hygiene way. The behavior change can lead to the reduction of re-infection of parasitic diseases.

[Organization and management in demonstration plots carrying out integrated control measures for parasitic diseases].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the organization and management work and its characteristics in demonstration plots carrying out integrated control measures for parasitic diseases. METHODS: The work and experience related to organization and management in 10 demonstration plots were summarized. RESULTS: The experience can be summarized as follows: (1) Establishing institution and strengthening leadership; (2) Formulating scheme and strengthening instruction; (3) Stratified controlling and regular deworming; (4) Various financing and supplying guarantee; (5) Summarizing and implementation. CONCLUSION: The experience summarized above can be used for the guidance of parasitic disease control in China.