Prevalence of Depression and Fish Consumption among First Year Spanish University Students: UniHcos Project.

The World Health Organization estimates that one fifth of university students have experienced major depressive disorder at some point in their lives. Nutrition may be one of the modifiable factors that influence the development of depression. Specifically, low omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D levels, both nutrients found in high quantities in fish, have been linked to depressive disorders. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression among young Spanish university students, in addition to the pattern of fish consumption among students and the possible relationship between fish consumption and the presence of depression. Data were collected retrospectively from a nationally representative sample of 11,485 Spanish university students aged 18 years or older in 11 Spanish universities, from 2012 to 2022. The respondents were analyzed according to frequency of consumption and compliance with weekly recommendations for fish intake and the presence of depression. Regression models were also performed to determine students' odds of depression as a function of compliance with recommendations according to selected sociodemographic variables. The prevalence of depression was 10.5%; it was more prevalent in women, older students and in those with both high and low BMIs. In addition, it was also more prevalent in those that lived outside the family home, with roommates and those who were employed. Sixty-seven percent of the students met the fish intake recommendations. The most common frequency of fish consumption was 1-2 times/week (44.2%), and the least frequent was 2.3% daily fish consumption. Students from northern universities were more likely to consume fish (68.4%) than those from southern universities (66.4%). Non-consumption of fish was found to increase the risk of depression (ORa = 1.45 (1.28-1.64); AF = 31.0% (21.9-39.0)), but it was the student's own conditions that had the greatest influence on the development of the disorder. In summary, a lower consumption of fish seems to be associated with a higher incidence of depression in Spanish university students; however, other social factors of the student may influence the development of the disorder, and all of this should be taken into account for the development of prevention strategies.

Upper versus lower body resistance exercise with elastic bands: effects on cognitive and physical function of institutionalized older adults.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of upper versus the lower-body resistance exercise on cognitive and physical functions of institutionalized older people. METHODS: This was a non-randomized multi-center comparative and crossover study (clincialtrials.gov code NCT03831373). Two experimental groups performed a 12-week intervention of resistance exercises with low-intensity elastic bands, one program focused on exercises of the upper body (n = 20, mean age 87.6 ± 6.4 years, 75% women) and the other on the lower body (n = 29, mean age 81.4 ± 7.7 years, 55% women). Following 12 weeks of detraining, the groups performed the other intervention. After another 12 weeks, a follow-up assessment was carried. The control group (n = 19, mean age 81.3 ± 9.5, 68% women) performed a full body stretching exercise program in both phases. Before and after each period, cognitive and physical function was assessed by standardized test (Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making test and Phototest; Timed Up and Go, Back Scratch, Chair Sit and Reach and had grip strength, respectively). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were carried. RESULTS: After the first intervention, significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in the cognitive function in both experimental groups, and in the hand grip strength in the group that performed lower-body exercise. After the second phase, all groups showed improvements in lower-body and shoulder flexibility and a significant worsening in hand grip strength. The lower-body exercise group showed a worsening in cognitive function, and the upper-body group in functional mobility and dynamic balance. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance exercise with elastic bands showed beneficial effects on cognitive function and functional independence in institutionalized older adults. While upper body exercises seemed to be more effective on cognitive function, lower limb exercises showed better results on physical function parameters.

Effects of bodyweight neuromuscular training with and without instability on balance control in active universitarians.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of a nine-week unstable vs stable bodyweight neuromuscular training programme on balance control. Seventy-seven physically active universitarians were randomly distributed into an unstable training group (UTG), a stable training group (STG), and a control group (CG). The intervention was conducted three times a week for nine weeks. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included static balance control under an unstable surface (eyes open (EOFS), eyes closed (ECFS), challenging visual-vestibular system (CVVS)), assessed as centre-of-pressure fluctuations with a force plate. A mixed ANOVA was performed to test the within- and between-subjects factors. After the intervention, no significant differences were found between groups. All groups presented significant improvements in balance measurements in EOFS (p = 0.01), ECFS (p = 0.01; p = 0.02), and CVVS (p = 0.01) conditions. The training groups tended to have significantly better balance control (antero-posterior) than the CG on EOFS. In the CVVS condition, the UTG tended to have better balance control than the CG. There was no overall significant training advantage gained by using unstable or stable surfaces in terms of the improvement in static balance control in active universitarians. Both training groups exhibited similar training adaptations.

Protocolos de rehabilitación cardiaca mediante realidad virtual: revisión sistemática / Virtual reality protocols in cardiac rehabilitation: systematic review

Resumen Introducción El desarrollo de protocolos de rehabilitación cardiaca tradicional proporciona grandes beneficios para la salud a pesar de las limitaciones espaciales y funcionales que generan. Los sistemas de realidad virtual han sido objeto de gran interés en la rehabilitación cardiaca debido a los beneficios que aportan, a la motivación de los pacientes y a la reducción de los plazos. Objetivo Evaluar la eficacia de los sistemas de realidad virtual en la aplicación de programas de rehabilitación cardiaca. Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre el uso de los sistemas de realidad virtual en rehabilitación cardiaca y su efecto. En la búsqueda se incluyeron las bases de datos Scopus, Sport-Discus, PubMed-Medline, Web of Science y Dialnet. Resultados De 280 artículos identificados, ocho fueron escogidos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión. Un total de 872 pacientes fueron analizados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas a favor de las terapias con realidad virtual, en la adherencia y en mejores niveles de los indicadores de capacidad y de potencia aeróbica. Conclusiones Se confirma que la aplicación de sistemas de realidad virtual en programas de rehabilitación cardiaca favorece la adherencia al programa y genera mejoras en los indicadores físicos.

Abstract Introduction The development of traditional cardiac rehabilitation protocols provides great health benefits despite the spatial and functional limitations that they generate. Virtual reality systems have been the object of great interest in cardiac rehabilitation due to the benefits they provide, the motivation of patients and the reduction of time limits. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality systems in the application of cardiac rehabilitation programs. Method A systematic review was carried out to evaluate the use of virtual reality systems in cardiac rehabilitation programs. The search included databases such as Scopus, Sport-Discus, PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Dialnet. Results Of 280 identified articles, eight were chosen based on the inclusion criteria. A total of 872 patients were analyzed. The results changed differences in favor of virtual reality therapies, in the motivation to develop the program, reduction in hospitalization time, better levels of capacity and aerobic power markers. Conclusions We can confirm the evidence of the application of virtual reality technologies in cardiac rehabilitation programs causing improvements in aerobic capacity, vital capacity or in the level of effort that patients with cardiac pathology endure.

Physical fitness in Spanish naval cadets. A four-year study.

BACKGROUND: Military physical readiness largely depends on soldiers maintaining their general health and physical fitness at a level which enables them to perform their requisite occupational duties in garrison and deployment environments. Understanding the physical fitness of naval cadets throughout its formative stages will help us define a training programme tailored to their needs. The objective of this study was to analyse the physical fitness of cadets enrolled in military training in the academic year 2018-2019 in the Military Naval Academy in Marín, Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal correlational-descriptive design was undertaken. 167 of the 292 students who participated in the global analysis participated in the pre and post (first and second semester) physical fitness tests (153 males and 14 females, mean age 21.9 ± 3.5) and were stratified into age groups. Anthropometric measurements and data from the Spanish army physical fitness assessment system (2 min push-ups, 1000 and 50 m races, vertical jump and 50 m swimming) were used. A descriptive, inferential, and correlational analysis was carried out and the level of significance set for the study was p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Inferential analysis between age group markers and over the total sample shows statistical differences for the total sample in the 1000 m and 50 m race (p < 0.001) and in vertical jump test (p < 0.010). There was significant statistical correlation between all five tests undertaken. CONCLUSIONS: The level of physical fitness of cadets at the Military Naval Academy in Marín, Spain appears to be acceptable when compared to other countries' military naval corps. Coherence between training and evaluation is extremely important, and a re-evaluation of stamina and strength training is probably advisable.

Reasons Why Older Adults Engage in Physical Exercise. Comparative Study Eastern Europe Versus Southern Europe.

INTRODUCTION: Research on variables that encourage older adults to exercise is limited. This study was carried out to identify the participation motives of older Europeans involved in regular exercise. METHODS: The 418 (170 men, 248 women) who participated in the survey are participants of the Erasmus Plus European Project In Common Sports. The participants were divided into two groups. Italy, Portugal, and Spain formed the Southern Europe group, and Bulgaria and Hungary the Eastern European group. All participants completed the Participation Motivation Questionnaire: Older Adults. RESULTS: The most highly reported motives for participation were to have fun, stay in shape, keep healthy, and an enjoyment of exercise. Principal-components analysis of the questionnaire revealed six factors: social, fitness, recognition, challenge/benefits, medical, and involvement. CONCLUSIONS: The reasons why the residents of Southern European practice exercise are more related to medical reasons, while for Eastern Europe these reasons are more related to recognition.

Effect of Instability and Bodyweight Neuromuscular Training on Dynamic Balance Control in Active Young Adults.

The aims of this study were to analyse the effects of unstable and stable bodyweight neuromuscular training on dynamic balance control and to analyse the between-group differences after the training period. Seventy-seven physically active young adults (48 males, 29 females, 19.1 ± 1.1 years, 170.2 ± 9.2 cm, 64.1 ± 10.7 kg) were distributed into an unstable training group (UTG), a stable training group (STG), and a control group (CG). Training was conducted three times a week for nine weeks. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures included dynamic balance control using a Y Balance Test (YBT), anterior (A), posteromedial (PM), and posterolateral (PL) reach direction. A mixed ANOVA was executed to test the within-subjects factor and the between-subjects factor. Statistically significant differences were found for all YBT measures within groups (p = 0.01) and between groups (p = 0.01). After the intervention, UTG and STG presented meaningfully improved results in all YBT measures (A: 7%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.02, PM: 8%, p = 0.01; 5%, p = 0.01, PL: 8%, p = 0.01; 4%, p = 0.04, respectively). No statistical changes were found for any of the measures in the CG. After the intervention, significant differences were observed between the UTG and CG for the YBTA and PM (p = 0.03; p = 0.01). The results suggest that neuromuscular training using an unstable surface had similar effects on dynamic balance control as training using a stable surface. When compared to CG, UTG showed better performance in YBTA and PM.

Hematological detraining-related changes among elderly individuals with high blood pressure.

AIM: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of detraining on physical performance, blood pressure, biologic and anthropometric variables of hypertensive elderly individuals, grouped by two levels of previous physical activity. METHODS: A total of 87 elderly individuals (70 to 93 years old) with systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels above 120/80 mmHg who participated during 18 non-consecutive months in 2 years in physical exercise programs offered in northern Portugal communities were included in the study. Tests were performed before and after three months of no exercise. Attendance to the exercise sessions, hematological markers, cardiorespiratory function, and anthropometric variables were assessed. The results were analyzed according to the fulfillment of the WHO recommendations on moderate physical activity (at least 150 minutes/week). RESULTS: Weight, total cholesterol, and glucose were influenced by the amount of physical activity performed previously to the detraining period. After the detraining period, the total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and weight had significant differences influenced by the amount of physical activity previously performed (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The number of minutes per week of aerobic and resistance exercise training over 18 non-consecutive months was not a significant determinant factor in the development of hypertension during the three months of detraining.

Hematological detraining-related changes among elderly individuals with high blood pressure

SUMMARY AIM The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of detraining on physical performance, blood pressure, biologic and anthropometric variables of hypertensive elderly individuals, grouped by two levels of previous physical activity. METHODS A total of 87 elderly individuals (70 to 93 years old) with systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels above 120/80 mmHg who participated during 18 non-consecutive months in 2 years in physical exercise programs offered in northern Portugal communities were included in the study. Tests were performed before and after three months of no exercise. Attendance to the exercise sessions, hematological markers, cardiorespiratory function, and anthropometric variables were assessed. The results were analyzed according to the fulfillment of the WHO recommendations on moderate physical activity (at least 150 minutes/week). RESULTS Weight, total cholesterol, and glucose were influenced by the amount of physical activity performed previously to the detraining period. After the detraining period, the total cholesterol, glucose, insulin, and weight had significant differences influenced by the amount of physical activity previously performed (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The number of minutes per week of aerobic and resistance exercise training over 18 non-consecutive months was not a significant determinant factor in the development of hypertension during the three months of detraining.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos da desvalorização do desempenho físico, da pressão arterial e das variáveis bioquímicas e antropométricas dos idosos hipertensivos, dependendo de duas categorias de atividade física prévia. MÉTODOS Foram incluídos no estudo 87 idosos (70 a 93 anos) com níveis de pressão arterial sistólica/diastólica superiores a 120/80 mmHg que participaram durante 18 meses não consecutivos em dois anos em programas de exercício físico. Os testes foram realizados antes e depois de três meses sem programas de exercícios. Foram avaliados a frequência das sessões de exercício, marcadores hematológicos, função cardiorrespiratória e parâmetros antropométricos. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com o cumprimento das recomendações da OMS sobre atividade física moderada (pelo menos 150 minutos/semana). RESULTADOS O peso, o colesterol total e a glicose foram influenciados pela quantidade de atividade física realizada previamente ao período de destreinamento. Posteriormente, o colesterol total, a glicose, a insulina e o peso apresentaram diferenças significativas influenciadas pela quantidade de atividade física previamente realizada (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES O número de minutos por semana de treinamento aeróbico e de exercícios resistidos durante 18 meses não consecutivos não foi um fator determinante significativo na evolução da hipertensão durante os três meses de destreinamento.

Is Stretching Exercise An Adequate Control Group in Clinical Trials Aimed at Improving Physical Fitness and Function of Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This study aimed to determine if stretching exercise can be implemented as an adequate control therapy in exercise randomized controlled trials aimed at improving physical fitness and physical function in older adults. Five electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials focused in the physical fitness and function of older adults using stretching exercise as control group. The methodological quality was assessed and a meta-analysis was carried out. Sixteen studies were included, 13 in the meta-analysis. The methodological quality ranged from fair to good. The meta-analysis only in the controls resulted in significant improvements in different functional parameters related to walking, balance, knee flexion strength, or global physical function. The interventions, compared with the controls, significantly improved balance and knee strength parameters. Stretching exercise as control therapy in older people can lead to beneficial effects and could influence the interpretation of the effect size in the intervention groups.

Effects of a High-Intensity Progressive-Cycle Program on Quality of Life and Motor Symptomatology in a Parkinson's Disease Population: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

The benefits of aerobic exercise in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been widely studied. Recent studies support the use of high-intensity aerobic exercise to improve oxidative stress values and functional performance in PD patients. The aim of this study is ascertain whether high-intensity aerobic training with lower extremity cycle ergometers and balance training can improve motor symptoms and quality of life in a PD population of Hoehn and Yahr disability score 1-3. The intervention took place in rehabilitation centers in secondary care. A pilot randomized controlled trial was carried out with 14 outpatients participated in the 8-week study. They were composed of a control group (CG; n = 7) that followed a balance protocol and an experimental group (EG; n = 7) that performed high-intensity (70% heart rate reserve) aerobic workout using a lower extremity cycle ergometer and a balance protocol once a week. The primary outcome measures included the 8-Foot Up-and-Go test, 6-Minute Walk test, 2-Minute Step test, Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and Tinetti test. Significant improvements in the PDQ39 (F1.23 = 3.102; sig = 0.036), the MDS-UPDRS III (F1.23 = 4.723; sig = 0.033), and MDS-UPDRS Total (F1.23 = 4.117; sig = 0.047) were observed in the EG as against the CG. After taking into account the number of subjects in each group, the results suggest that the PD population can withstand high-intensity aerobic workouts with a lower extremity cycle ergometer. This exercise is a beneficial therapy for them because it reduces motor symptoms of the disease and furthermore increases and improves patient's quality of life.

Validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario APAFOP en población española anciana e institucionalizada con deterioro cognitivo / Validity and reliability of the APAFOP questionnaire for Spanish institutionalized older adults with cognitive impairment / Validade e confiabilidade do questionário APAFOP para população idosa institucionalizada espanhola com comprometimento cognitivo

OBJETIVO: El número de cuestionarios de valoración de la actividad física diseñados para la población anciana es reducido. Ninguno de ellos ha sido validado en población española con deterioro cognitivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario APAFOP en población española institucionalizada con deterioro cognitivo. MÉTODOS: Treinta y un individuos institucionalizados (edad media 84.75+/-7.2 años) contestaron el cuestionario dos veces en un intervalo de 24 horas (para establecer la confiabilidad test-retest). La validez de constructo del APAFOP se contrastó de manera directa mediante el empleo de un acelerómetro AciGraph modelo GT3X y de modo indirecto a través de las pruebas "Repeated chair stands", del cuestionario "12-Item Short-Form Health Survey" y del Índice de Barthel. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la puntuación total del cuestionario APAFOP, la puntuación en counts/día y el número de pasos reflejados por el acelerómetro (r=0.701; Sig=0.001 y r=0.648; Sig=0.001 respectivamente). El cuestionario mostró una elevada confiabilidad test-retest y consistencia interna (CCI=0.985; IC=0.969-0.993). CONCLUSIONES: La versión adaptada al español del cuestionario APAFOP puede ser considerada como una herramienta válida y fiable para estimar el nivel de realización de actividad física en personas ancianas institucionalizadas con deterioro cognitivo

OBJECTIVE: The existing number of questionnaires specifically designed for assessing physical activity in Spanish elderly is scarce. None has been validated on individuals with cognitive impairment. This study aims at identifying the validity and reliability of the APAFOP questionnaire on a sample made up of institutionalized people with cognitive impairment. METHODS: Thirty-one people (mean age 83.84+/-7.55 years old) answered the questionnaire twice in an interval of 24 (test-retest reliability). The APAFOP's construct validity was directly assessed by means of an accelerometer AciGraph GT3X and indirectly assessed through the test Repeated chair stands, the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey and the Barthel Index. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation was found between the total score of the APAFOP and the counts/day and the number of steps provided by the accelerometer (r=0.701; Sig=0.001 and r=0.648; Sig=0.001 respectively). The questionnaire showed a high test-retest reliability (ICC=0.985; CI=0.969-0.993). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish adapted version of the APAFOP questionnaire can be considered a valid and reliable tool for estimating the physical activity performed by institutionalized elderly people with cognitive impairment

OBJETIVO: O número atual de questionários elaborados, especificamente, para avaliar a atividade física em idosos espanhóis é escasso. Nenhum foi validado em indivíduos com comprometimento cognitivo. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a validade e confiabilidade do questionário APAFOP em uma amostra composta por pessoas institucionalizadas com comprometimento cognitivo. MÉTODO: Trinta e uma pessoas (idade média de 83.84 +/- 7.55 anos) responderam ao questionário duas vezes em um intervalo de 24 (confiabilidade teste-reteste). A validade de constructo da APAFOP foi diretamente avaliada através de um acelerômetro AciGraph GT3X e indiretamente avaliada através do teste de sentar e levantar, a versão curta do questionário SF-12 e o Índice de Barthel. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o escore total da APAFOP e as contagens / dia e o número de passos fornecidas pelo acelerômetro (r = 0.701; Sig = 0.001 e r = 0.648; Sig = 0.001, respectivamente). O questionário mostrou alta confiabilidade teste-reteste (CCI = 0.985; IC = 0.969-0.993). CONCLUSÕES: A versão adaptada em espanhol do questionário APAFOP pode ser considerada uma ferramenta válida e confiável para estimar a atividade física realizada por idosos institucionalizados com comprometimento cognitivo

Factors Associated with Meat Consumption in Students of Spanish Universities: UniHcos Project.

The level of meat consumption is one of the main deviations from the Mediterranean diet pattern in Spanish university students. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive study is to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and the consumption of fresh and processed meat in Spanish university students. This study is part of a cohort of 11 Spanish universities with 9862 university students (UniHcos Project). A descriptive analysis and a chi2 test were carried out to assess differences between personal and sociodemographic variables and meat consumption, and binary logistic regression analysis to assess factors associated with consumption; 19.9% and 73.5% met the recommendations for meat-fresh and meat-processed consumption, respectively. Only 3.8% of students meet the recommendations for both fresh and processed meat. Statistically significant differences were found between sex, BMI, employment, housing, and coexistence regarding compliance with recommendations. Female employed students living in rental accommodations with a partner are more likely to meet the recommendations for fresh meats while male, normal weight, employed students living in rental accommodations with a partner are more likely to meet the recommendations for processed meats. There is a lack of compliance with the recommendations for consumption of fresh meat in Spanish university students, differences in compliance among students of differing regions and an association with sex, employment, housing, and coexistence regarding compliance.

Association between motor competence and Functional Movement Screen scores.

BACKGROUND: Motor competence (MC) is generally used to describe a person's proficiency in a variety of motor skills and is the basis for one's performance in sports and recreational activities. Functional Movement Screen (FMSTM) is one of the most used screening systems to provide interpretable measure of movement quality. Both FMSTM and MC constructs share three components: locomotor, manipulative and stabilizing movements. In the present study, it was hypothesized that MC scores can explain FMSTM variables. It was also predicted that better MC leads to better functional movement patterns in young adults. METHODS: A sample of 92 young adults (73.9% men) with a mean age of 21.2 years participated in this study. All participants were evaluated on anthropometric measurements, dual x-ray absorptiometry; FMSTM and MC. RESULTS: Men showed better MC scores and fat mass composition than women. Regarding specific tests, women scored higher in the FMSTMactive straight leg raise test, whereas men performed better in the FMSTM trunk stability push-up (TSP) test. Manipulative tasks and construct presents' significant and positive associations with FMSTM composite score (r ≥ 0.303). The significant negative correlation were more related to FMSTM TSP and MC shuttle run and FMSTM in-line lunge and MC manipulative. The FMSTM TSP presents significant associations with all MC constructs and tasks. Meanwhile, the FMSTM composite score is associated with all components of MC Stability (p < 0.05). In young adults, and independent of gender, the FMSTMexplains fundamental movements based on motor control according to the stability construct. Moreover, the FMSTM TSP is associated with better performance in the all MC constructs and MC tasks. The FMSTM, on its own, is linked to objective MC stability measures.

[Physical activity questionnaires: a systematic review and analysis of their psychometric properties in Spanish population over 60 years old]. / Cuestionarios de estimación de actividad física: revisión sistemática y análisis de sus propiedades psicométricas en población española mayor de 60 años.

BACKGROUND: Questionnaires for estimating physical activity are measurement tools widely used by health professionals. Therefore, it is important to know their characteristics and quality. This systematic review aimed at identifying and analyzing de psychometric properties of the existing physical activity questionnaires validated in Spanish people older than 60 years of age, as well as to inform about the methodological quality of the studies performed concerning their validity and/or reliability. METHODS: A systematic review of the available scientific literature regarding studies focused on the validity and/or reliability of questionnaires used for estimating the prevalence of physical activity among Spanish populations over 60 years old. The Qualitative Attributes and Measurement Properties of Physical Activity Questionnaires checklist (QAPAQ), was used to evaluate the sample characteristics, the psychometric properties, the validity, the test-retest reliability and the methodological quality of each study identified. RESULTS: A total of 8 questionnaires were found and analyzed, highlighting in means of validity the short Spanish version (VREM) of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (construct validity 95.5% with Kappa = 0.93) as well as in reliability (ICC=0.96), along with the Modified Baecke (ICC = 0,92-0,96). Four questionnaires met more than 80% of the criteria proposed by the QAPAQ. The YPAS was the questionnaire which reached the higher score. CONCLUSIONS: When estimating the amount of physical activity performed by Spanish people older than 60 years of age by means of questionnaires, it is advisable to use (in this order) the YPAS, VREM and Modified Baecke.

OBJETIVO: Los cuestionarios de estimación de actividad física son herramientas ampliamente empleadas por los profesionales de la salud. Resulta esencial conocer la calidad y características de los mismos. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar las características psicométricas de los cuestionarios de realización de actividad física validados en población española mayor de 60 años, así como la calidad metodológica de los estudios de su validez y/o fiabilidad. METODOS: Revisión sistemática de estudios donde se informe de la validez y/o fiabilidad de cuestionarios adaptados al castellano para estimar la actividad física realizada por población mayor de 60 años. Se estudiaron las características de la muestra, las propiedades psicométricas validez y fiabilidad test-retest, así como la calidad metodológica de los estudios, que se evaluó mediante la lista de comprobación Qualitative Atributes and Measurement Properties of Physical Activity Questionnaires (QAPAQ). RESULTADOS: Fueron encontrados y analizados un total de 8 cuestionarios, destacando en validez la Versión Reducida en Español del cuestionario de actividad física en el tiempo libre de Minnesota (VREM) (validez de constructo 95,5% con Kappa = 0,93) así como en fiabilidad (ICC=0,96), junto con el Modified Baecke (ICC = 0,92-0,96). Los criterios propuestos por el QAPAQ fueron superados en un 80% por 4 cuestionarios, siendo el Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), el cuestionario que mayor puntuación obtuvo. CONCLUSIONES: Al objeto de estimar la cantidad de AF realizada por personas mayores de 60 años de nacionalidad española mediante cuestionarios, se aconseja el empleo, por este orden, de los instrumentos YPAS, VREM y Modified Baecke.

Influencia del deterioro cognitivo en la congelación de la marcha en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson sin demencia / Influence of cognitive impairment on the freezing of gait in non demented people with Parkinsons disease

Introducción. La congelación de la marcha (CDM) es una alteración motora que suele aparecer en estadios avanzados de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Las funciones cognitivas y ejecutivas parecen tener un papel importante en la aparición de este fenómeno. Objetivo. Investigar si los parámetros cognitivos y cinemáticos se correlacionan con la CDM en pacientes con EP sin demencia. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio observacional y transversal. Los participantes se clasificaron en dos grupos: con y sin CDM. La información clínica se obtuvo mediante la escala de Hoehn y Yahr, la Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale y la prueba de equilibrio de la Short Physical Performance Battery. La función cognitiva se valoró con el miniexamen cognitivo y la Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, y la función ejecutiva, con la Frontal Assessment Battery. Los parámetros cinemáticos se valoraron mediante la velocidad de la marcha, la cadencia, la longitud del paso y el tiempo del paso. Resultados. Veinticinco participantes con EP sin demencia completaron el programa. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre individuos con y sin CDM en cognición global (p = 0,02), memoria (p = 0,04), función ejecutiva (p = 0,04), cadencia (p = 0,02), longitud del paso (p = 0,04) y tiempo del paso (p = 0,01). Conclusión. Diversos parámetros cognitivos pueden contribuir de forma importante en la aparición de la CDM en la EP. Estos resultados pueden tener implicaciones clínicas relevantes para el desarrollo de estrategias e intervenciones no farmacológicas y cognitivas dirigidas a pacientes con EP y con CDM

Introduction. Freezing of gait (FOG) is a motor disturbance usually appearing in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cognitive and executive function seems to play an important role in this phenomenon. Aim. To investigate if cognitive and kinematic parameters correlate with FOG in PD patients without dementia. Patients and Methods. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study. Participants were classified in two groups: freezers and non-freezers. Clinical information was obtained by Hoehn & Yahr scale, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and balance test of Short Physical Performance Battery. Cognitive function was evaluated using Minimental Examination and the Fuld Object Memory Evaluation; executive function was assessed with the Frontal Assessment Battery test. Battery kinematic parameters were assessed by means of gait speed, cadence, stride length and stride time. Results. Twenty-five participants with PD without dementia completed the evaluation. Statistical significant differences between freezers and non-freezers were found in global cognition (p = 0.02), memory (p = 0.04), executive function (p = 0.04), cadence (p = 0.02), stride length (p = 0.04) and stride time (p = 0.01). Conclusion. Cognitive parameters may have an important contribution to the manifestation of freezing of gait in PD. These results may have important clinical implications for developing future non-pharmacological and cognitive interventions strategies targeted to PD patients with FOG

Self-Paced Cycling Improves Cognition on Institutionalized Older Adults Without Known Cognitive Impairment: A 15-Month Randomized Controlled Trial.

This study aimed at identifying the effects of self-paced cycling on the cognitive and functional status and fall risk on institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment. A total of 39 individuals were randomly assigned to an exercise group or to a control group. The exercise group participants cycled at their self-selected intensity at least for 15 min daily during 15 months. The control group participants performed recreational activities. The Mini-Mental State Examination, Fuld object memory evaluation, and symbol digit modality test were used for cognitive assessments. The Katz index, the timed "Up & Go" test, and the World Health Organization questionnaire were used to assess functional independence, mobility, and fall risk. Significant improvements were observed in the exercise group for global cognition and attention, visual scanning, and processing speed. Long-term self-paced cycling training seems to have a protective effect on cognitive status and attention, visual scanning, and processing speed in older institutionalized individuals.

Effects of Functional-Task Training on Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease.

The aim of this study was to verify the effects of functional-task training on cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL) performance, and functional fitness in community-dwelling older adults with diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). A total of 57 participants (22 functional-task training group [FTG], 21 social gathering group [SGG], 14 control group [CG]) were recruited. Participants in both intervention groups carried out three 1-hr sessions per week of a functional-task program and social gathering activities for 12 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in executive functions (TMT, t-test, p = .03) in the SGG and in upper limb strength (arm curl, t-test, p = .01) in the FTG. Functional-task training has no significant effect on cognitive function, ADL, and functional fitness among people with AD, although it may contribute to slowing down the process of deterioration this illness causes.

Cuestionarios de estimación de actividad física: revisión sistemática y análisis de sus propiedades psicométricas en población española mayor de 60 años / Physical activity questionnaires: a systematic review and analysis of their psychometric properties in Spanish population over 60 years old

Fundamentos: Los cuestionarios de estimación de actividad física son herramientas ampliamente empleadas por los profesionales de la salud. Resulta esencial conocer la calidad y características de los mismos. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar las características psicométricas de los cuestionarios de realización de actividad física validados en población española mayor de 60 años, así como la calidad metodológica de los estudios de su validez y/o fiabilidad. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de estudios donde se informe de la validez y/o fiabilidad de cuestionarios adaptados al castellano para estimar la actividad física realizada por población mayor de 60 años. Se estudiaron las características de la muestra, las propiedades psicométricas validez y fiabilidad test-retest, así como la calidad metodológica de los estudios, que se evaluó mediante la lista de comprobación Qualitative Atributes and Measurement Properties of Physical Activity Questionnaires (QAPAQ). Resultados: Fueron encontrados y analizados un total de 8 cuestionarios, destacando en validez la Versión Reducida en Español del cuestionario de actividad física en el tiempo libre de Minnesota (VREM) (validez de constructo 95,5% con Kappa = 0,93) así como en fiabilidad (ICC=0,96), junto con el Modified Baecke (ICC = 0,92-0,96). Los criterios propuestos por el QAPAQ fueron superados en un 80% por 4 cuestionarios, siendo el Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), el cuestionario que mayor puntuación obtuvo. Conclusiones: Al objeto de estimar la cantidad de AF realizada por personas mayores de 60 años de nacionalidad española mediante cuestionarios, se aconseja el empleo, por este orden, de los instrumentos YPAS, VREM y Modified Baecke

Background: Questionnaires for estimating physical activity are measurement tools widely used by health professionals. Therefore, it is important to know their characteristics and quality. This systematic review aimed at identifying and analyzing de psychometric properties of the existing physical activity questionnaires validated in Spanish people older than 60 years of age, as well as to inform about the methodological quality of the studies performed concerning their validity and/or reliability. Methods: A systematic review of the available scientific literature regarding studies focused on the validity and/or reliability of questionnaires used for estimating the prevalence of physical activity among Spanish populations over 60 years old. The Qualitative Attributes and Measurement Properties of Physical Activity Questionnaires checklist (QAPAQ), was used to evaluate the sample characteristics, the psychometric properties, the validity, the test-retest reliability and the methodological quality of each study identified. Results: A total of 8 questionnaires were found and analyzed, highlighting in means of validity the short Spanish version (VREM) of the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (construct validity 95.5% with Kappa = 0.93) as well as in reliability (ICC=0.96), along with the Modified Baecke (ICC = 0,92-0,96). Four questionnaires met more than 80% of the criteria proposed by the QAPAQ. The YPAS was the questionnaire which reached the higher score. Conclusions: When estimating the amount of physical activity performed by Spanish people older than 60 years of age by means of questionnaires, it is advisable to use (in this order) the YPAS, VREM and Modified Baecke

Construct Validity of the Spanish Version of the CHAMPS Questionnaire for institutionalized patients over 65 years old

Abstract This study investigates the construct validity of the Spanish version of the CHAMPS questionnaire with institutionalized older adults between the ages of 74 and 90. Seven days of accelerometer data were collected from 52 participants (mean age 82.40 ± 8.26 years), followed by the administration of CHAMPS. The Barthel Index and the Chair Stand Test were used to assess functional independence and fitness levels. The four scores yielded by CHAMPS showed a low-to-moderate agreement with the data derived from the accelerometer (r=0.253-0.385) and with the Barthel Index (r=0.313-0.519), but no association was established with fitness levels. Additionally, no significant correlations were observed between CHAMPS and the accelerometer when cognitive impairment was considered. The results imply that the Spanish version of CHAMPS shows construct validity to estimate the amount of physical activity performed by institutionalized older adults without cognitive impairment.(AU)