Multiple Dermoid Cysts in the Epiglottis Presenting with Dysphonia and Dysphagia: A Rare Case.

Dermoid cysts are developmental anomalies that occur during midline fusion in embryological life. It is known that they can also be acquired as a result of traumatic and iatrogenic implantation. Laryngeal involvement of dermoid cysts has been reported very rarely in the literature. This report presents a case with multiple dermoid cysts originating from the epiglottis. A 59-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of foreign body sensation in the throat and dysphagia. Multiple cystic lesions originating from the epiglottis were observed in the laryngeal examination of the patient. After radiological examinations, the cysts were completely excised by endolaryngeal surgery. After excision of the lesions, which were reported as dermoid cysts, all complaints of the patient regressed, and no recurrence was observed in the 6th month after the operation and his follow-up continued. Dermoid cysts originating from the epiglottis are very rare, but they should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of epiglottis lesions.

Magnesium Acetyl Taurate Prevents Tissue Damage and Deterioration of Prosocial Behavior Related with Vasopressin Levels in Traumatic Brain Injured Rats.

AIM: To investigate the effects of different magnesium forms on tissue damage, cognitive and emotional behavioural impairment after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were divided into 5 groups (control, trauma, magnesium sulphate, magnesium citrate, magnesium acetyl taurate) and following head trauma, empathy-like behaviour, anxiety-like behaviour (elevated plus maze and open field tests), and depression (forced swim test) were measured. The rats were then sacrificed 12 days later. Oxytocin, vasopressin and receptors levels in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex regions were measured. Histopathological damage (with haematoxylin-eosin staining) and apoptosis (with caspase-3 immunohistochemistry) was evaluated. RESULTS: Following head trauma, anxiety-like behaviour and depression tests did not change; empathy-like behaviour deteriorated on the 3rd day and improved gradually on the 6th and 12th days. Oxytocin, vasopressin and vasopressin v1b receptor levels decreased in the amygdala; morphological damage and apoptosis were significant. Magnesium acetyl taurate effectively ameliorated histopathological deteriorations and improved vasopressin and v1b receptor levels in the amygdala. Transient deterioration of empathy-like behaviour was impeded only in magnesium taurate treatment. CONCLUSION: Magnesium acetyl taurate can be a promising candidate agent to prevent structural and functional damage in traumatic brain injury.

Histopathologic findings in breast reduction specimens.

Reduction mammaplasty is a commonly performed operation for treatment of breast hypertrophy. It allows examination of specimens from a seemingly healthy population. Although there are many publications reporting the incidence of occult breast carcinomas, only a few studies have specifically examined the incidence of other breast lesions in reduction mammaplasty specimens. The authors conducted a single-centre retrospective chart review examining the incidence of benign and precancerous lesions in breast reduction specimens. Both age and the number of tissue sections were evaluated for the association with important pathologic findings. Of the 95 patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty, eight patients (8.4%) had atypical lesions. Fourteen patients (15%) had proliferative and 54 patients (57%) had non-proliferative breast lesions. No occult invasive breast cancer was identified in the breast reduction specimens. The existence of significant pathologic findings was not associated with age (p = 0.231, student t-test). On the other hand, it was found to be associated with the number of tissue sections (p = 0.046, Mann-Whitney U-test). This study reveals that breast reduction specimens should be analyzed histologically since a considerable amount of patients have breast lesions with increased cancer risk. Therefore, this analysis would guide the management of these patients in the follow-up period.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the colon: a case report.

Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare cause of nonobstructive colonic masses, which is often disregarded. Plasmacytoma is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells; when systemic involvement occurs, the disease is named multiple myeloma. Extramedullary plasmacytomas comprise 4% of all plasma cell tumours and occur mainly in the upper respiratory tract; gastrointestinal system involvement is rare. In this case we describe a rare cause of gastrointestinal system mass: extramedullary plasmacytoma involving the left colon.

Breast metastasis of anaplastic oligodendroglioma: a case report.

Extracranial metastasis of primary brain tumors is rarely observed. Of all brain malignancies, glioblastomas, medulloblastomas and astrocytomas metastasize most frequently. Metastasis of oligondendroglioma is rare. We present a case of breast metastasis in a 58-year-old man with an anaplastic oligodendroglioma.