RESUMO
A system based on a picosecond time-gated image intensifier is proposed for non-contact testing of CMOS circuits. The apparatus allows one to record the temporal evolution of the luminescence emitted during transistor switching as a function of the position inside the chip. The system is characterized by an intrinsic parallelism in the spatial dimensions. This feature is noticeable for studying wide sections of complex circuits, like microprocessors and random access memories, where multiple electrical events occur simultaneously. Experiments on a CMOS inverter chain and on a static memory have been carried out, in order to demonstrate the applicability of a picosecond time-gated imager to circuit analysis.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to quantify iron in the placentas at the end of pregnancy in two patients suffering from beta-thalassemia and compare the data to that recorded from the placentas of healthy women. Iron was quantified in placental specimens taken after the delivery. The specimens were subjected to chemical treatments in order to remove extracellular iron and leave the intracellular iron intact. After coloration, each specimen was subjected to quantitative analysis of images in order to identify and quantify iron. Our results demonstrated that in beta-thalassemia there is an accumulation of iron in the outer basal cytoplasm of the epithelial cells of placental cotyledons.
