Recombinant activated factor VII in critical bleeding after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Critical bleeding throughout the intraoperative phase of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) strongly increases patient mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The aim of this study was to report our experience on the use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in postoperative critical bleeding after OLT. In 7 patients with persistent severe bleeding after application of a standard transfusion protocol, we administered a 90 microg/kg bolus of rFVIIa and if necessary eventually repeated it after 3 hours. We recorded the blood loss and the need for transfusions before and after the rFVIIa therapy. Blood losses and need for platelets significantly decreased after rFVIIa administration; a nonsignificant decrease in red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma transfusions also occurred. In 6 patients treatment with rFVIIa was effective; only 1 patient died because of hemorrhagic shock and no thromboses were detected among the treated patients. Awaiting stronger evidence from randomized controlled trials, we suggest that in some challenging cases of massive bleeding rFVIIa should be considered a useful option to control bleeding.

Clozapine effectiveness in a psychiatric service in Italy.

Clozapine was administered to 28 resistant schizophrenics at psychiatric services in Bologna. At 26 weeks 62% responded. Positive and negative symptoms improved, but decrease of negative symptoms partially depended upon improvement of positive and EPS. No cases of agranulocytosis were seen. Some drop-outs were related to difficulties with psychopathological improvement.