RESUMO
Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm and the leading cause of cancer mortality among women globally. Current prediction models based on risk factors are inefficient in specific populations, so an appropriate and calibrated breast cancer prediction model for Cuban women is essential. This article proposes a conceptual model for breast cancer risk estimation for Cuban women using machine learning algorithms and risk factors. The model has three main components: knowledge representation, risk estimation modeling, and risk predictor evaluation. Nine of the most common machine learning algorithms were used to generate risk predictors using the proposed model. Two data sources served as case studies: the first comprised data collected from Cuban women, and the second included data from US Hispanic women obtained from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium dataset. The results show that the model effectively estimates breast cancer risk and could be a valuable tool for early detection of breast cancer and identification of patients at risk. According to the first experiment results, the best predictor of breast cancer risk for the Cuban female population corresponds to the Random Forest algorithm with a weighted score of 5.981, a training accuracy of 0.996 and a training AUC of 0.997. In a second experiment, it was demonstrated that the risk predictors generated by the proposed model using data from Cuban women obtained better AUC and accuracy values compared to the predictors generated by using the US Hispanic population, potentially generalizable to other Hispanic populations. Implementing this model could be an economically viable alternative to reduce the mortality rate of this type of cancer in Latin American countries such as Cuba.
RESUMO
El cáncer de mama es la primera causa de muerte por tumores malignos entre las mujeres. Una dieta no saludable, el sedentarismo y la obesidad son factores de riesgo importantes para padecer cáncer de mama, sobre todo en mujeres posmenopáusicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar los estudios epidemiológicos más relevantes sobre dieta, obesidad y cáncer de mama en las mujeres. Se estableció una estrategia de información, educación y comunicación social como apoyo a las acciones del Programa Nacional de Control de Cáncer Mamario. Para la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad e incidencia de cáncer de mama es necesario actividades de educación nutricional, para producir cambios en los patrones y hábitos alimentarios y por consiguiente de estilos de vida, que promuevan una dieta más variada y el aumento del ejercicio físico, entre otros aspectos(AU)
Breast cancer is the first cause of death from malignant tumors in women. Unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle and obesity are important risk factors to suffer breast cancer, mainly in post-menopausal women. The objective of this article was to check the most relevant epidemiological studies on diet, obesity and breast cancer in women. Information, education and social communication strategy has been set as a support to the National Program of Breast Cancer Control. For the prevention and treatment of obesity and of the breast cancer incidence, it is necessary to implement nutritional education activities in order to bring about changes in feeding patters and habits and consequently in lifestyles that may promote more varied diet and increase of exercising, among other things(AU)
