Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promote osteogenesis through the AKT signaling pathway in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a relatively common disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural changes of trabecular bone. The reduced bone strength is caused a variety of complications, including fragility fracture and sarcopenia. We used CCK-8 and EdU assays to evaluate cell proliferation rates. The osteogenesis effect was detected using ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and q-PCR. In vivo, the effects of exosomes derived from HUC-MSCs were evaluated using HE staining, IHC staining and Masson staining. In addition, we explored the mechanism of exosomes and found that the AKT signaling pathway played an important role in osteogenesis and cell proliferation. This paper mainly explored the function of exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) and provided a new strategy for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In conclusion, exogenous administration of exosomes can contribute to the treatment postmenopausal osteoporosis to a certain extent.

A single-center experience of hemofiltration treatment for acute aortic dissection (Stanford type A) complicated with postoperative acute renal failure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) for aortic dissection patients with acute renal failure after surgery in retrospective manner. METHODS: A total of thirty-seven aortic dissection patients with postoperative acute renal failure accepted CVVH therapy. The effect of CVVH was evaluated by analyzing clinical condition changes and laboratory examination results. RESULTS: After treatment of CVVH, renal function and clinical symptoms were significantly improved in thirty patients. Eight of the thirty patients got completely renal function recovery within two weeks after CVVH therapy; and twenty-two of the thirty patients got completely renal function recovery within four weeks after CVVH therapy. Nevertheless, seven patients got no benefit from CVVH therapy with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: CVVH is an effective treatment to most aortic dissection patients with postoperative acute renal failure. The effect of CVVH was correlated with original renal function, early CVVH therapy, and continuous intensive care.

[Pretreatment of isolated vein with rapamycin nanoparticles inhibits vein graft stenosis in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pretreatment of carbopol-encapsulated rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles (RPM-NP) on vein graft stenosis in a rabbit vein graft model. METHODS: A segment of common carotid artery was replaced with a segment of external jugular vein in 40 rabbits. They were separated into four treatment groups, i.e. Group A: vein grafts were pretreated with intraluminal RPM-NP perfusion; Group B: peripheral venous veins were injected with RPM-NP; Group C: vein grafts received an equivalent perfusion of empty vehicle; Group D: vein grafts received no treatment. At Day 28 post-operation, the grafts and normal veins were harvested for histological examinations to analyze the indicators of intimal thickness, internal diameter, intimal/media thickness ratio and collagen volume index. RESULTS: At Day 28 post-operation, the intimal/media thickness ratios were 0.26 ± 0.02, 0.73 ± 0.05, 0.71 ± 0.04, 0.69 ± 0.03 and 0.24 ± 0.01 in Groups A, B, C and D and the normal vein; the collagen volume index 0.24 ± 0.03, 0.56 ± 0.06, 0.53 ± 0.07, 0.49 ± 0.08 and 0.21 ± 0.01 respectively. Compared with the normal veins, the pathological indicators of vein graft intimal thickness, internal diameter, intimal/media thickness ratio and collagen volume index had significant differences in Groups B, C and D (all P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences among 3 groups (all P > 0.05). Compared with the normal vein, the parameters of vein graft intimal thickness, internal diameter, intimal/media thickness ratio and collagen volume index had no significant difference in Group A (all P > 0.05). But as compared with other groups, these indicators had statistical significant difference in Group A (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The local pretreatment of isolated vein with rapamycin nanoparticles may inhibit neointimal hyperplasia and prevent effectively vein graft stenosis.