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Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical benefits of establishing an enteral nutrition (EN) pathway via percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography drainage (PTCD) catheterization in patients with late-stage malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ).Methods: We selected 30 patients diagnosed as having late-stage MOJ with malnutrition. A dual-lumen biliary-enteral nutrition tube was placed via PTCD along with a biliary stent implantation. Postoperative EN was provided, and we observed the time taken for tube placement, its success rate, complications, and therapeutic efficacy.Results: Tube placement was successful in all 30 patients with an average procedural time of 5.7 ± 1.4 min with no tube placement complications. Compared to preoperative measures, there was a significant improvement in postoperative jaundice reduction and nutritional indicators one month after the procedure (p < 0.05). Post-placement complications included tube perileakage in 5 cases, entero-biliary reflux in 4 cases, tube blockage in 6 cases, tube displacement in 4 cases, accidental tube removal in 3 cases, and tube replacement due to degradation in 8 cases, with tube retention time ranging from 42 to 314 days, averaging 124.7 ± 37.5 days. All patients achieved the parameters for effective home-based enteral nutrition with a noticeable improvement in their quality of life.Conclusion: In this study, we found that the technique of establishing an EN pathway via PTCD catheterization was minimally invasive, safe, and effective; the tube was easy to maintain; and patient compliance was high. It is, thus, suitable for long-term tube retention in patients with late-stage MOJ.
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Colangiografia , Drenagem , Nutrição Enteral , Icterícia Obstrutiva , Humanos , Icterícia Obstrutiva/etiologia , Icterícia Obstrutiva/terapia , Icterícia Obstrutiva/cirurgia , Masculino , Feminino , Drenagem/métodos , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colangiografia/métodos , Stents , Resultado do Tratamento , Cateterismo/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/terapia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
The occurrence of acute thrombosis, directly related to platelet aggregation and coagulant system, is a considerable reason for the failure of small-diameter vascular grafts. Heparin is commonly used as a functional molecule for graft modification due to the strong anticoagulant effect. Unfortunately, heparin cannot directly resist the adhesion and aggregation of platelets. Therefore, we have prepared a heparin-aspirin compound by coupling heparin with aspirin, an antiplatelet drug, and covalently grafted it onto the surface of polycaprolactone/polyurethane composite tube. In this way, the graft not only showed a dual function of both anticoagulation and antiplatelet, but also effectively avoided the rapid drug release and excessive toxicity to other organs caused by simple blending the medicine with material matrix. The compound retained the original function of heparin, showing good hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, which could promote the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells (ECs) and facilitate the process of tissue regeneration. What's more, the compound showed more effective than heparin in reducing platelet activation and preventing thrombosis. The graft modified by this compound maintained completely unobstructed for one month of implantation, while severe obstruction or stenosis occurred in PCL/PU and PCL/PU-Hep lumen at the first week, verifying the effect of the compound on preventing acute thrombosis. In general, this study proposed a designing method for small-diameter vascular graft which could prevent acute thrombosis and promote intimal construction.
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Heparina , Trombose , Humanos , Heparina/farmacologia , Aspirina/farmacologia , Células Endoteliais , Trombose/prevenção & controle , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introduction: Spatial analysis of lipids in inflammatory microenvironments is key to understand the pathogenesis of infectious disease. Granulomatous inflammation is a hallmark of leishmaniasis and changes in host and parasite lipid metabolism have been observed at the bulk tissue level in various infection models. Here, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is applied to spatially map hepatic lipid composition following infection with Leishmania donovani, an experimental mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis. Methods: Livers from naïve and L. donovani-infected C57BL/6 mice were harvested at 14- and 20-days post-infection (n=5 per time point). 12 µm transverse sections were cut and covered with norhamane, prior to lipid analysis using MALDI-MSI. MALDI-MSI was performed in negative mode on a Rapiflex (Bruker Daltonics) at 5 and 50 µm spatial resolution and data-dependent analysis (DDA) on an Orbitrap-Elite (Thermo-Scientific) at 50 µm spatial resolution for structural identification analysis of lipids. Results: Aberrant lipid abundances were observed in a heterogeneous distribution across infected mouse livers compared to naïve mouse liver. Distinctive localized correlated lipid masses were found in granulomas and surrounding parenchymal tissue. Structural identification revealed 40 different lipids common to naïve and d14/d20 infected mouse livers, whereas 15 identified lipids were only detected in infected mouse livers. For pathology-guided MSI imaging, we deduced lipids from manually annotated granulomatous and parenchyma regions of interests (ROIs), identifying 34 lipids that showed significantly different intensities between parenchyma and granulomas across all infected livers. Discussion: Our results identify specific lipids that spatially correlate to the major histopathological feature of Leishmania donovani infection in the liver, viz. hepatic granulomas. In addition, we identified a three-fold increase in the number of unique phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) in infected liver tissue and provide direct evidence that arachidonic acid-containing phospholipids are localized with hepatic granulomas. These phospholipids may serve as important precursors for downstream oxylipin generation with consequences for the regulation of the inflammatory cascade. This study provides the first description of the use of MSI to define spatial-temporal lipid changes at local sites of infection induced by Leishmania donovani in mice.
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Leishmania donovani , Animais , Ácido Araquidônico/metabolismo , Granuloma/patologia , Leishmania donovani/fisiologia , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por MatrizRESUMO
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a highly pleiotropic glycoprotein factor that can modulate innate and adaptive immunity as well as various aspects of metabolism, including glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Recently, the expression and release of IL-6 is shown to be significantly increased in numerous diseases related to virus infection, and this increase is positively correlated with the disease severity. Immunity and metabolism are two highly integrated and interdependent systems, the balance between them plays a pivotal role in maintaining body homeostasis. IL-6-elicited inflammatory response is found to be closely associated with metabolic disorder in patients with viral infection. This brief review summarizes the regulatory role of IL-6 in immunometabolic reprogramming among seven viral infection-associated diseases.
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COVID-19 , Doenças Transmissíveis , Imunidade Adaptativa , Glicólise , Humanos , Interleucina-6 , Fosforilação OxidativaRESUMO
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have unique advantages in optimizing the ionic conductivity of battery separators because of their rich cavity structure and highly ordered and connected pores. In this study, we used a hydrothermal method to synthesize a functional material, Ag-MOF crystal, as a separator coating content, and then studied the properties and application effect of the MOF-Al2O3-blended coating applying to a polyethylene (PE) separator (MOFxAl1-x/PE). Results show that MOF0.08Al0.92/PE (MOF/Al2O3 = 0.08:0.92) used in NCM811||Li cells significantly not only improves the fast charge-discharge performance of the cells but also inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites during long-term charge-discharge cycling; the Li+ transference number (tLi+) of the MOF0.08Al0.92/PE composite separator is 0.61; the Li||separator||Li half-cell circulates stably for 1000 h at varying current density from 0.5 to 10 mA cm-2 and only produces low overpotentials, indicating that MOF0.08Al0.92 stabilizes lithium. The initial capacity of the NCM811||Li cell using the MOF0.08Al0.92/PE separator is 165.0 mA h g-1, its capacity retention is 70.67% after 300 cycles at 5 C, and the interface resistance of the cells only increases from 13.8 to 31.5 Ω, whereas the capacity retention of Al2O3/PE separator batteries is only 40.41% (62.2 mA h g-1) under the same conditions. During the charge-discharge cycling, the MOF-Al2O3 coating induces the lithium anode to quickly form a stable and dense solid-electrolyte interphase layer, promotes the uniform deposition of Li+, and inhibits the growth of lithium dendrites as well.
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2) is highly infectious and pathogenic. Among patients with severe SARSCoV2caused by corona virus disease 2019 (COVID19), those complicated with malignant tumor are vulnerable to COVID19 due to compromised immune function caused by tumor depletion, malnutrition and antitumor treatment. Cancer is closely related to the risk of severe illness and mortality in patients with COVID19. SARSCoV2 could promote tumor progression and stimulate metabolism switching in tumor cells to initiate tumor metabolic modes with higher productivity efficiency, such as glycolysis, for facilitating the massive replication of SARSCoV2. However, it has been shown that infection with SARSCoV2 leads to a delay in tumor progression of patients with natural killer cell (NK cell) lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma, while SARSCoV2 elicited antitumor immune response may exert a potential oncolytic role in lymphoma patients. The present review briefly summarized potential carcinogenicity and oncolytic characteristics of SARSCoV2 as well as strategies to protect patients with cancer during the COVID19 pandemic.
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COVID-19/complicações , Neoplasias/etiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias/terapia , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Infecções Tumorais por Vírus/complicaçõesRESUMO
In blood vessels, endothelial cells (ECs) grow along the direction of blood flow, while smooth muscle cells (SMCs) grow circumferentially along the vessel wall. To mimic this structure, a polycaprolactone (PCL) tubular scaffold with orthogonally oriented bilayer nanofibers was prepared via electrospinning and winding. ECs were cultured on the inner layer of the scaffold with axial nanofibers and SMCs were cultured on the outer layer of the scaffold with circumferential nanofibers. Fluorescence images of the F-actin distribution of ECs and SMCs indicated that cells adhered, stretched, and proliferated in an oriented manner on the scaffold. Moreover, layers of ECs and SMCs formed on the scaffold after one month of incubation. The expression levels of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) and a contractile SMC phenotype marker in the EC/SMC co-culture system were much higher than those in individual culture systems, thus demonstrating that the proposed biomimetic scaffold promoted the intercellular junction of ECs and preserved the contractile phenotype of SMCs.
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A colorimetric immunoassay is a powerful tool for detecting tumor markers, with outstanding advantages of visualization and convenience. This study designed a colorimetric immunoassay using the antibody/antigen to control the catalytic activity to be "switched on/off". This system, where Au NPs (18.5 ± 3.9 nm) were loaded on the g-C3N4 nanosheets that were fixed in a three-dimensional porous cellulose hydrogel, was used as a binding site for the antibody/antigen. After being incubated with an antibody of a cancer marker, the turned-off catalytic sites on Au NPs in Au@g-C3N4/microcrystalline cellulose hydrogels would not be "turned on" until the corresponding antigen was added. The number of the recovered Au active sites was related to the amount of the antigen added. The Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements did not detect the existence of Au-S bonds. Catalyzed by the turned-on Au NPs, 4-nitrophenol was reduced to 4-aminophenol accompanied by a color fading. The color and the absorption spectrum changes in the process were used as the colorimetric quantitative basis for immunoassays. The colorimetric immunoassay showed a linear relationship with the liver cancer marker (α-fetoprotein, AFP) in the range of 0.1-10 000 ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.46 ng/mL. In addition, 4-nitrophenol had a significant color fading when the AFP concentration exceeded the healthy human threshold. The clinical patient's serum test results obtained from the developed colorimetric immunosensor were consistent with those obtained from the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the immunosensor exhibited a good selectivity, repeatability, and stability, which demonstrated its potential for practical diagnostic application.
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Colorimetria/métodos , Hidrogéis/química , Imunoensaio/métodos , alfa-Fetoproteínas/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Celulose/química , Ouro/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de TransmissãoRESUMO
To investigate the factors influencing the spatial variability in soil respiration among different land use patterns in a karst non-karst interactive distribution area, field experiments were conducted in Maocun Village, Guilin. Soil respiration, δ13C-CO2 value, and relevant environment, vegetation, and soil factors were measured. The spatial variability in soil respiration and the relationship between soil respiration and these measured factors were examined. The results indicated that soil respiration rates ranged from 1.39 µmol·(m2·s)-1 to 5.31 µmol·(m2·s)-1, with the highest value being approximately 3.8 times the minimum. Soil respiration varied significantly among different land use patterns under different lithology zones. The soil respiration rate of the G2 pines in the same lithology area was 2.3 times higher than that in the orchard G1 point after the destruction of the forest. The soil respiration caused an increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and a decrease in the δ13C-CO2 value; the relationship between the two could be described by an inverse proportional function. The study found that in mid-April, the average water heat condition was close to that of the entire year. The difference in soil organic carbon content caused by land use was a driving factor of the spatial variability in soil respiration. In all ecosystems studied, the relationship between soil respiration and soil organic carbon content and total nitrogen content could be described by a two-element linear regression equation and explained 92.8% of the spatial variability in soil respiration.
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Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) is an inorganic solid electrolyte with a Na superionic conductor (NASICON) structure that provides a channel for lithium ion transport. We coated LAGP particles on one side of a polypropylene (PP) separator film to improve the ionic conductivity of the separator, and water-dispersed polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) on the other side to reduce the interfacial resistance between the separator and the lithium metal anode. The results show that the LAGP/PP/PVDF-HFP separator has a high ionic conductivity (1.06 mS cm-1) at room temperature (PP separator: 0.70 mS cm-1), and an electrochemical window of 5.2 V (vs. Li+/Li). The capacity retention of a NCM|LAGP/PP/PVDF-HFP|graphite full cell is 81.0% after 300 charge-discharge cycles at 0.2C. When used in a NCM|LAGP/PP/PVDF-HFP|Li half-cell system, the initial discharge capacity is 172.5 mA h g-1 at 0.2C, and the capacity retention is 83.2% after 300 cycles. More significantly, the surface of the Li anode is smooth and flat after 200 cycles. The interface resistance increased from 7 to 109 Ω after 100 cycles at 0.2C. This indicates that the synergistic effect of the asymmetric coated LAGP and PVDF-HFP is beneficial to inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites in the battery and reduces the interface resistance.
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The characteristics of heavy metal pollution in drinking water in the Liujiang river basin and its potential hazards on human health were investigated. In this study, the regular water-quality indices and the contents of metal elements Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, and Mn in the Liujiang river and its main tributaries were detected from January to December of 2016. The health risks of drinking contaminated water were evaluated by the health risk assessment model recommended by the US EPA. The results showed that the concentrations of all of the aforementioned metal elements, except Hg, did not exceed the limits recommended by China's surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002). Pearson correlation analysis of the concentrations of metal elements indicated that Cd, Pb, As, and Fe may have similar sources, and Cu, Cr, Hg, and Zn may have source of diversity, while there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of metal elements and the pH value. The carcinogenic health risks posed by heavy metal elements in the Liujiang river basin in adults and children were 4.52E-04 a-1 and 5.91E-04 a-1, respectively, while the non-carcinogenic health risks were 8.96E-09 a-1 and 1.14E-08 a-1, respectively. The heavy metal elements in drinking water, on the basis of their average carcinogenic health risks, were ranked as Cr > As > Cd, and the risk levels ranged from 3.58E-06 to 1.21E-04 a-1; the risk values of Cr and As were higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP (5.0×10-5 a-1). Simultaneously, the risk levels of the average non-carcinogenic health risks ranged from 3.53E-12 to 2.87E-09 a-1, and the range was lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by EPA. Carcinogens, especially Cr and As, are the main causes of health risks in the aquatic environment of the Liujiang river basin, and should be prioritized as the main objects of aquatic environmental risk management in the Liujiang river basin.
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Água Potável/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Adulto , Criança , China , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Medição de Risco , RiosRESUMO
Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders to severely affect human health worldwide. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within related genes are candidate susceptible factors for the disorder. Rs107822 within MiR219-1 and rs1625579 within MiR137 were genotyped in 589 cases and 622 controls to investigate the possible association between the loci and schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Our results showed significant association between rs107822 and the disorder in allele (C vs. T: adjusted OR = 0.773, 95%CI = 0.655-0.912), co-dominant (TC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.734, 95%CI = 0.571-0.943; CC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.655, 95%CI = 0.459-0.936), dominant (TC + CC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.707, 95%CI = 0.559-0.895), and recessive (CC vs. TC + TT: adjusted OR = 0.724, 95%CI = 0.524-0.999) models, respectively. Meanwhile, negative associations were also observed between rs107822 and the disorder in male and female subgroups, and genotype CC of the locus was significantly associated with a lower positive symptom score of PANSS compared to genotype TT carrier in the cases group. However, we didn't observe a significant association between rs1625579 and the disorder. These findings indicate that rs107822 within MiR219-1 might be involved in pathogenesis of schizophrenia and that genotypes TC, CC and allele C of the locus are protective factors for schizophrenia in a Chinese population.
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In November 2009, scientists from the US, UK, and other countries announced the complete genome sequence draft of the domestic pig. With the release of improved versions of the pig genome assembly and the increase of correctly assembled sequenced fragments over the past two years, it is particularly urgent to have the pig genes annotated at whole-genome level. This article is aimed at introducing an excellent manual annotation tool, Otterlace software, developed by Sanger institute. We used CFL1 (Cofilin 1) gene as an example to expound the usage of the three main components of Otterlace, Zmap, Blixem, and Dotter tools, and developed a practical procedure for manual annotations. We have analyzed 243 immune-related genes, among which 180 genes have been completely or partially annotated, offering novel information to the porcine functional genomics.
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Genoma , Software , Suínos/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Dados de Sequência MolecularRESUMO
In order to master the spatial variability of the normal different vegetation index (NDVI) of the peak cluster karst area, taking into account the problem of the mountain shadow "missing" information of remote sensing images existing in the karst area, NDVI of the non-shaded area were extracted in Guohua Ecological Experimental Area, in Pingguo County, Guangxi applying image processing software, ENVI. The spatial variability of NDVI was analyzed applying geostatistical method, and the NDVI of the mountain shadow areas was predicted and validated. The results indicated that the NDVI of the study area showed strong spatial variability and spatial autocorrelation resulting from the impact of intrinsic factors, and the range was 300 m. The spatial distribution maps of the NDVI interpolated by Kriging interpolation method showed that the mean of NDVI was 0.196, apparently strip and block. The higher NDVI values distributed in the area where the slope was greater than 25 degrees of the peak cluster area, while the lower values distributed in the area such as foot of the peak cluster and depression, where slope was less than 25 degrees. Kriging method validation results show that interpolation has a very high prediction accuracy and could predict the NDVI of the shadow area, which provides a new idea and method for monitoring and evaluation of the karst rocky desertification.
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Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Análise Espacial , China , Previsões , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Árvores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Árvores/fisiologiaRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in diverse biological processes including skeletal muscle development. MiR-214 is an miRNA that is differentially expressed in porcine embryonic muscle and adult skeletal muscle, suggesting that miR-214 may be related to embryonic myogenesis. In this study, the myoblast cell line C2C12 was used for functional analysis of miR-214 in vitro. The results showed that miR-214 was expressed both in myoblasts and in myotubes and was upregulated during differentiation. After treatment with an miR-214 inhibitor and culturing in differentiation medium, myoblast differentiation was repressed, as indicated by the significant downregulation of expression of the myogenic markers myogenin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC). Interestingly, myoblast proliferation was also repressed when cells were transfected with an miR-214 inhibitor and cultured in growth medium by real-time proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis. Our results showed that miR-214 regulates both proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts depending on the conditions.
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MicroRNAs/fisiologia , Mioblastos/citologia , Animais , Ciclo Celular/genética , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células , Meios de Cultura , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Desenvolvimento Muscular/fisiologia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/fisiologia , Mioblastos/fisiologia , Miogenina/metabolismo , Cadeias Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Oligonucleotídeos Antissenso/farmacologia , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The domestic pig (Sus scrofa) is an important economic animal for meat production and as a suitable model organism for comparative genomics and biomedical studies. In an effort to gain further identification of miRNAs in the pig, we have applied the Illumina Solexa sequencing technology to carry out an in-depth analysis of the miRNA transcriptome in a pool of equal amounts of RNA from 16 different porcine tissues. From this data set, we identified 437 conserved and 86 candidate novel miRNA/miRNA* in the pig, corresponding to 329 miRNA genes. Compared with all the reported porcine miRNAs, the result showed that 112 conserved and 61 candidate novel porcine miRNA were first reported in this study. Further analysis revealed extensive sequence variations (isomiRs) of porcine miRNAs, including terminal isomiRs at both the 5' and 3' ends and nucleotide variants. Read counts of individual porcine miRNA spanned from a few reads to approximately 405541 reads, confirming the different level of expression of porcine miRNAs. Subsequently, the tissue expression patterns of 8 miRNAs were characterized by Northern blotting. The results showed that miR-145, miR-423-5p, miR-320, miR-26a, and miR-191 are ubiquitously expressed in diverse tissues, while miR-92, miR-200a, and miR-375 were selectively enriched and expressed in special tissues. Meanwhile, the expression of 8 novel porcine-specific miRNAs was validated by stem-loop RT-PCR, and one of these was detected by Northern blotting. Using the porcine miRNA array designed according to our Solexa results, 123 miRNAs were detected expression in porcine liver tissues. A total of 58 miRNAs showed differential expression between the Tongcheng (a Chinese indigenous fatty breed) and Large White pig breeds (a lean type pig). Taken together, our results add new information to existing data on porcine miRNAs and should be useful for investigating the biological functions of miRNAs in pig and other species.
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Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , MicroRNAs/isolamento & purificação , Sus scrofa/genética , Animais , Expressão Gênica , MicroRNAs/análise , Especificidade de Órgãos , Especificidade da Espécie , SuínosRESUMO
This study was aimed to analyze the ß-globin gene sequence and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the ß-globin gene in ß-thalassaemia patients from Shenzhen area, and to explore linkage relationships between ß-globin gene mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes in 125 ß-thalassaemia patients from Shenzhen population. ß-globin gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ß-globin gene were determined by DNA sequencing. The results indicated 10 types of mutation and 12 single nucleotide polymorphism loci were found in the ß-globin gene of 114 ß-thalassaemia patients. Linkage disequilibrium between mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms was found in 6 loci including 6 haplotypes among these single nucleotide polymorphism loci in the ß-globin gene. It is concluded that a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms is found in the ß-globin gene, where an average of one single nucleotide polymorphism every 230 bp there is. Linkage disequilibrium occurs between ß-thalassaemia mutations and some haplotypes in single nucleotide polymorphism loci. This study may be helpful to gene diagnosis for ß-thalassaemia patients.
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Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Globinas beta/genética , Talassemia beta/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , China , DNA/genética , Feminino , Haplótipos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mutação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To establish a high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE)-based method for detection of trace amount of urinary fibrinopeptide A and B (FPA and FPB, respectively) as the specific molecular markers of thrombus formation in vivo. METHODS: The HPCE system consisted of a 25 cm x 50 microm (inner diameter) coated capillary column, 0.1 mol/L phosphoric acid buffer (pH 2.5) and a UV-detector (wavelength at 190 nm). To improve the sensitivity and reproducibility, solid-phase extraction of FPA and FPB in the urine was performed using a Sep-pak C18 column, with a synthetical fibrinopeptide B-Tyr (FPB-Tyr) as the internal standard. RESULTS: With this HPCE method, optimal separations of FPA, FPB and FPB-Tyr was achieved within 16 min, with the migration time of 7.28 min, 14.31 min and 15.22 min, respectively. The adjusted peak area ratios of FPA or FPB and the internal standard showed good linearity with the corresponding concentrations of FPA or FPB spiked in the urine(R>0.99). Under the above chromatography conditions, the minimum detection concentration of FPA and FPB in untreated urine was 30 microg/L and 40 microg/L, respectively, and the assay precision and recovery of FPA and FPB were acceptable. CONCLUSION: The method we established is reliable and specific for separation and identification of fibrinopeptides and other bioactive peptides.
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Eletroforese Capilar/métodos , Fibrinopeptídeo A/urina , Fibrinopeptídeo B/urina , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
A trimodular activity-based probe was designed, synthesized, characterized, and applied to photoaffinity label the GABA(B) receptors transiently expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The probe exhibits specific binding activity at the ligand-binding pocket of GB1 subunits and high specificity of photoaffinity labeling, which makes the probe valuable for studying the localization and function of GABA(B) receptors on living cells.