[Mild hypothermia combined with hydrogen sulfide alleviates hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion].

Objective: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia combined with hydrogen sulfide on hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, 8-10 week old, weighing 280-320 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12) using a random number table: sham operation group (group Sham), global cerebral I/R group (group I/R), hydrogen sulfide group (group H(2)S), mild hypothermia group (group MH) and hydrogen sulfide + mild hypothermia group (group H(2)S+ MH). Cardiac arrest was induced with transoesophageal cardiac pacing followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation to establish the global cerebral I/R model. The administration regimen for sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was as follows: Sodium hydrosulfide was intraperitoneal injection as a bolus of 2.5 mg/kg immediately restoration of spontaneous circulation. The implementation of mild hypothermia: wipe the body surface of rats with ethanol immediately after restoration of spontaneous circulation, and reduce the rectal temperature to 32-34 ℃ within 15 min, and maintain 6 h with the ice bag. At 72 h of reperfusion, neurological deficit was scored, and the rats were sacrificed (Neurological Deficit Scores, NDS), the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), CHOP and Caspase-12 were detected by Western blot. After reperfusion 72 h, the hippocampal tissue were removed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin to examine the pathological findings in hippocampal CA1 area (under microscope). The apoptosis rate of hippocampal CA1 area cells was detected by TUNEL staining and the apoptosis index was calculated. Results: The expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, GRP78, CHOP and Caspase-12, were upregulates during the global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, indicating activation of severe endoplasmic reticulum stress. The GRP78 contents of Sham group, I/R group, H(2)S group, MH group and H(2)S+ MH group were as follows: GRP78: 0.11±0.03, 1.11±0.10, 0.67±0.09, 0.66±0.08, 0.48±0.04, CHOP contents: 0.16±0.03, 1.60±0.11, 1.39±0.09, 1.34±0.08, 1.13±0.09, Caspase-12 contents: 0.09±0.02, 0.87±0.08, 0.65±0.08, 0.59±0.06, 0.45±0.06, the differences were statistically significant (F=147.569, 264.983, 119.356, all P<0.01). The apoptosis index of Sham group, I/R group, H(2)S group, MH group and H(2)S+ MH group were as follows: (1.83±0.75)%, (53.17±4.62)%, (35.17±2.14)%, (32.67±2.25)%, (17.83±2.79)%, the differences were statistically significant (F=284.962, P<0.01). The neurological deficit scores of Sham group, I/R group, H(2)S group, MH group and H(2)S+ MH group were as follows: 0%, (76±9)%, (54±5)%, (47±6)%, (35±6)%, the differences were statistically significant(F=135.218, P<0.01). Conclusion: Mild hypothermia combined with hydrogen sulfide alleviates hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and the combined effect is better than that of a single application.

Neuroarthropathy. Clinico-radiologic analysis of 115 cases.

115 patients (163 joints) with neuroarthropathy (Charcot joint) were observed clinically and radiologically. In Charcot joint of the shoulder, the entire scapula was disintegrated. After debridement and arthrodesis, fragmentation of bone reappeared at both ends of the affected long bone and even on the lateral surface of diaphysis. Fragmentation of the articular surface and the subchondral bone was seen in the non-weight-bearing surface. 32 patients in this series sustained spontaneous fractures without a history of trauma or undue strain. Follow-up for short periods (2 to 6 weeks) showed rapid progressive destruction. These results indicated that neurotrophic theory seems to furnish an explanation for the pathogenesis of the Charcot joint, and that bone resorption should be the primary change while bone hypertrophy and proliferation, the secondary.

Imaging study of lumbar posterior marginal intraosseous node. An analysis of 36 cases.

Clinical, radiological and CT manifestations of 36 patients with lumbar posterior marginal intraosseous cartilaginous node (LPMN) were analysed. Of the 36 patients, 27 were male and 9 female, most of them were young adults. The posteroinferior margin of L4 was the commonest site and the posterosuperior margin might also be involved. Two patients had multiple lesions. Typical radiological findings included a defect in the posteroinferior (or posterosuperior) margin of the affected vertebral body and behind the defect a bony ridge protruding into the spinal canal. CT scan showed a cartilaginous node in the posterior zone of the vertebral plate. It is suggested that LPMN was the result of disc material herniating into the posterior aspect of vertebral body through ruptured cartilaginous end-plate during the adolescence, similar to that of the limbus vertebra. Hyperflexion and hyperextension of the spine probably play an important role in the pathogenesis. The existence of LPMN favours posterior disc herniation in the same disco-vertebral junction.

Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma. Report of 8 cases.

Eight cases of surgically and pathologically verified extraskeletal (soft tissue) chondrosarcoma were analyzed with regard to clinical and X-ray features. Their cardinal clinical aspects included presence of a local soft tissue mass and gradual enlargement of the mass accompanied by increasing pain. The X-ray signs were formation of a soft tissue mass, various forms of calcification in the central area of the tumor presence of saucer-like defect on the cortical surface of neighbouring bone in some cases, and bending deformity of the affected bone. The incidence and sites of predilection, the main X-ray findings, radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the tumor were discussed.