RESUMO
The Chinese toad Bufo gargarizans has an extensive range, covering nearly all of China. This study addresses the population genetic structure of this toad and the relation to geographic location. Partial sequences of the mtDNA control region were obtained from 14 populations, 29 haplotypes were defined, and 73 variable sites were found, including 66 parsimony informative sites. All population genetic analyses indicated no clear geographic pattern in the distribution of haplotypes. The genetic divergence between the populations was significant. Phylogeographic analyses suggested that past fragmentation and/or long-distance colonization seemed to have shaped the present-day distribution of the haplotypes of B. gargarizans.
Assuntos
Bufonidae/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Teorema de Bayes , Bufonidae/classificação , China , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Geografia , Haplótipos , Modelos Genéticos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido NucleicoRESUMO
In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence (17,962 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA of Amolops tormotus was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The gene content, base composition and codon usage of A. tormotus conformed to those of typical vertebrate patterns. Among 22 tRNAs, the novel position of the tRNA-His gene was in the D-loop region, which was a novel mtDNA gene rearrangement in amphibians. Phylogenetic analyses were based on a 885-bp sequence of 12S and 16S rRNA for species of Amolops and other related species, concatenated sequences of the 11 protein-encoding genes of 13 species.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Ranidae/genética , Animais , Composição de Bases/genética , Sequência de Bases , Códon/genética , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/química , Duplicação Gênica , Rearranjo Gênico , Modelos Genéticos , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , RNA de Transferência/genética , RNA não Traduzido/genética , Ranidae/classificaçãoRESUMO
The complete mitochondrial genome of Bufo gargarizans was sequenced using overlapping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons (GenBank Accession No. DQ275350). The genome is 17,277 base pairs in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (ATP6, ATP8, COI-III, ND1-6, ND4L, Cyt b), 2 ribosomal RNAs (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), 22 transfer RNAs and a putative control region. We analyzed the sequence using bioinformatics methods comparing the obtained mtDNA sequence with other toads and frogs. Based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of protein-coding genes, we constructed a phylogenetic tree with maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods and discussed the phylogenetic relationships among 11 species of Anura.
