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Long-standing debates exist over the timing and mechanism of uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and, more specifically, over the connection between lithospheric evolution and surface expressions of plateau uplift and volcanism. Here we show a T-shaped high wave speed structure in our new tomographic model beneath South-Central Tibet, interpreted as an upper-mantle remnant from earlier lithospheric foundering. Its spatial correlation with ultrapotassic and adakitic magmatism supports the hypothesis of convective removal of thickened Tibetan lithosphere causing major uplift of Southern Tibet during the Oligocene. Lithospheric foundering induces an asthenospheric drag force, which drives continued underthrusting of the Indian continental lithosphere and shortening and thickening of the Northern Tibetan lithosphere. Surface uplift of Northern Tibet is subject to more recent asthenospheric upwelling and thermal erosion of thickened lithosphere, which is spatially consistent with recent potassic volcanism and an imaged narrow low wave speed zone in the uppermost mantle.
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Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a newly described variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) which is composed mainly of cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in cystic and papillary patterns. We report the clinicopathologic features, prognosis and differential diagnosis of 6 Clear Cell Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas. The clinical information and follow-up data were analyzed. The patients were six males with median age of 52.5 years. Case 1 revealed dense calcification and ossification. Cases 2 and 3 contain a variably prominent smooth muscle stromal component. CA-IX, CK7, PAX-8 and VIM were positive in all cases. TFE3 and AMACR were not expressed in any tumor. CD10 was negative in 5 of 6 cases .The patients were followed for 13~55 months with no local tumor recurrences and tumor metastasis. The CCPRCC was associated with a more favorable outcome. These were low-grade and low-stage renal tumors. No lymph node or distant metastasis of the six tumors.