Local adaptation and population structure at a micro-geographical scale of a fungal parasite on its host plant.

Local adaptation, which has been detected for several wild pathosystems is influenced by gene flow and recombination. In this study, we investigate local adaptation and population structure at a fine scale in wild populations of a plant-pathogen fungus. We sampled hierarchically strains of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in a wild population of its host. The analysis of AFLP patterns obtained for 86 strains indicated that: (i) many different haplotypes can be discriminated, although occurrence of recombination could not be shown; (ii) migration between adjacent plants seemed rare during the season; and (iii) neutral diversity is structured according to groups of plants and individual host plants. Furthermore, we tested for the occurrence of local adaptation using a cross-inoculation experiment. Our results showed local adaptation at the scale of the individual host plant. These results indicate that fine-scale dynamics has evolutionary consequences in this pathosystem.

[Further development of 'Enuresis nocturna' guidelines for children with persistent problems]. / Uitwerking Richtsnoer 'Enuresis nocturna' voor kinderen met hardnekkige klachten.

To achieve dryness in children who suffer from persistent bedwetting, it is important to find out which factors play a role in their bedwetting and why previous treatment has failed. The use of a micturition diary is essential. The child's problems and needs have to be identified and treated individually. The enuresis alarm, with the proper guidance, is the preferred form of initial treatment. Desmopressin is particularly suitable in cases of nocturnal polyuria or if the use of the alarm is unfeasible. If the alarm does not have any effect within two weeks or if a rapid result is important, a combination of desmopressin and the alarm is advisable. Bedwetting combined with daytime micturition problems is often indicative of a small bladder capacity and/or detrusor instability. In these children bladder training and/or treatment with an anticholinergic drug (possibly combined with desmopressin) may be effective.

Laser treatment of the prostate using the Urolase fiber: the Dutch experience.

PURPOSE: Subjective and objective results were assessed after laser prostatectomy with the Urolase fiber at 5 different centers in The Netherlands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were evaluated with the international prostatic symptom score questionnaire, uroflowmetry and post-void residual volume measurements. Urodynamic investigations with pressure-flow analysis were performed at 2 centers. RESULTS: Data for 233 patients were evaluated. Overall significant improvement in mean international prostatic symptom score, maximum flow, post-void residual and urodynamic parameters was noted. Differences in outcome among the centers may be due to variation of technique or different selection criteria. Postoperative morbidity was significant, with irritative voiding complaints for 4 to 6 weeks in up to 50% of all patients and urinary tract infections in 21.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Laser prostatectomy results in subjective and objective improvement, which is operator independent. Despite the observation that perioperative (intraoperative and immediate postoperative) morbidity seems less severe compared to transurethral resection of the prostate, there is a shift toward greater postoperative morbidity.

[Pancreatoblastoma. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a clinical case]. / Pancréatoblastome. Aspects échographiques et tomodensitométriques. A propos d'un cas clinique.

A 4 year old child presented with a pancreatoblastoma, a tumor of the pancreas being an exceptional finding in children. Ultrasound and CT scan images of this pancreatic carcinoma are described as well as its course during chemotherapy. Diagnosis is difficult but can be assisted by guided fine needle puncture biopsy.

[Multinodular hepatic steatosis. Ultrasonic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects. Apropos of a case]. / Stéatose hépatique multinodulaire. Aspects échographique et tomodensitométrique. A propos d'un cas.

Focal hepatic steatosis can present as definite hepatic nodules, this particular form being rare and poorly documented. Ultrasound images show hyperechogenic type nodules assisting diagnosis of cases with affections known to provoke steatosis. CT scan images provide a positive diagnosis of steatosis if these solid nodules are very hypodense and do not take up contrast. In difficult cases, guided puncture cytology establishes a definite histologic diagnosis.

[Abdominopelvic recurrence of leiomyosarcoma. Echographic aspects apropos of 19 cases]. / Récidives abdomino-pelviennes des léiomyosarcomes. Aspects échographiques à propos de 19 cas.

The recurrence rate after initial surgery of pelvis and abdominal leiomyosarcomas is significant. Quick but silent growth of these tumors requires a regular and frequent follow-up in order to improve the prognosis. Ultrasonography is the simplest way for such a follow-up. We present our experience about 23 operated cases of leiomyosarcomas followed by ultrason; 19 of them recurred with 1 to 6 abdominal and/or pelvic masses. The echographic patterns of recurrences are detailed.

[Evaluation of the diagnostic power of 3 methods for assaying free T4. Results in the diagnostic strategy of hyperthyroidism]. / Evaluation de la puissance diagnostique de trois méthodes de dosage de la T4 libre. Conséquence sur la stratégie diagnostique de l'hyperthyroïdie.

The free thyroxin (FT4) tests of Amersham, Clinical Assay and Corning Medical were evaluated in 240 patients who were suspected of hyperthyroidism. The diagnostic performances of the Corning method were of less value while those of the other methods were equivalent to that obtained with the free thyroxin index for an average cost reduced. Furthermore our results show that T3 determination is better than T4 determination in patients who remained doubtful after FT4. However the development of ultra-short methods of measurement of total thyroid hormone blood levels using fluorescence polarization could lead to reconsider the diagnostic strategy of hyperthyroidism.

[Metastatic calcifications in Burkitt's lymphoma]. / Calcifications métastatiques au cours d'un lymphome de Burkitt.

During the evaluation of a Burkitt lymphoma, a diffuse uptake of 99mTC MDP in the lungs and gastric mucosa, discovered by bone scintigram, allows the detection of metastatic calcifications. Bone scintigram appears to be an useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of these calcifications. The echographic pattern of the gastric involvement with both thick wall and mucosal calcifications, is reported.

[A case of intestinal invagination in Burkitt's lymphoma. Echographic and x-ray computed tomographic aspects]. / Un cas d'invagination intestinale au cours d'un lymphome de Burkitt. Aspects échographiques et tomodensitométriques.

The case of a young girl with cervical and abdominal lymphoma associated with small bowel intussusception is reported. The ultrasonographic and computed tomographic patterns of the intussusception and their physiopathologic agreements are reminded. Semeiologic elements which have not been already described are reported. This case also points out the difficulty in the diagnosis of intussusception when abdominal tumors are present.

Estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer.

Thirty patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate were treated with estramustine phosphate. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 9 months. Of 15 not previously treated with oestrogens 9 responded objectively and 11 subjectively. Of 15 patients whose tumours had failed to respond to at least 2 oestrogens, 3 responded objectively and 5 subjectively. Adverse effects consisted of cardiovascular complications, gynaecomastia and impotence. Gastrointestinal side effects were minimal and no hepatic, renal or marrow toxicity was seen. The criteria of assessment of response are discussed.

[Palliative chemotherapy with 5 FU and CPM in cancer of the prostate with bone metastases resistant to oestrogens. A clinical trial (author's transl)]. / Chimiothérapie palliative par le 5 FU et le CPM dans le traitement due cancer de la prostate avec métastases osseuses résistant aux oestrogènes. Essai clinique.

The efficacy of an association of cyclophosphamide (CPM) and 5-fluorouracil was studied in 15 patients with prostate cancer not responding to oestrogen therapy, and more particularly its effect on pain due to bone metastases. No objective improvement was noted with this association, but there was a definitite reduction in bone metastases pain in 5 of the patients, with an average remission time of 4 months. Half of the patients had nausea and vomiting, but in spite of this digestive intolerance those patients who obtained pain relief for 4 months considered the treatment to be of positive value. This therapy is recommended only fater the failure of castration, anti-androgens, and oestrogens, together with nitrogen mustard (Estracyt) and corticotherapy.

[Cis-platinum in the treatment of disseminated testicular neoplasms resistant to classical chemotherapy]. / Le cisplatinum dans le traitement du cancer du testicule disséminé et résistant à la chimiothérapie classique.

Seven patients with advanced testicular tumors, resistant to existing chemotheurapeutic agents, were treated with a new antitumor agent, the Cisplatinum (associated to mannitol induced hyperdiuresis). There were 3 objective remissions (1 complete and 2 partial). Major toxicity was gastrointestinal. There was little renal and hematologic toxicity in our serie. The drug may have use in combination therapy in advanced non seminomatous testicular tumors.