Stress, Resilience, Burnout and Study Hours in Physical Education Pre-Service Teachers-An Explanatory Model about Gender.

The process of becoming a public teacher in Spain requires a long period of preparation. This long period of preparation has an impact on the psychosocial environment of the candidates. Differences have been observed in the psychosocial area according to gender in pre-service teachers. This research aims to study the relationship between the study hours per day, stress, burnout syndrome and resilience according to gender and to study the differences in the effects according to gender using multigroup equation modeling. A multigroup structural equation analysis has been proposed according to the gender of the participants. Parametric tests were used for the descriptive analysis of the results. The sample consists of 4117 participants, 1363 males and 2754 females. The instruments used to collect the data were a self-made questionnaire, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory. All the instruments have been validated and adapted to the sample. The data reveal that there are variations in the effects of the variables according to the gender of the participants. In conclusion, it is affirmed that gender is a very important factor in coping with the competitive examination process for state-public-teaching institutions, as well as in avoiding the appearance of disruptive states generated by this preparation process.

Relationship between Physical Activity, Mediterranean Diet and Emotional Intelligence in Spanish Primary Education Students.

There is an international social concern about the low levels of physical activity among young people. It is essential to know what factors influence the practice of physical activity in order to design effective proposals for health promotion. The study aims to: (1) classify primary school students according to their levels of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair; (2) analyse descriptively and correlationally the adolescents' profiles of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet and emotional attention, clarity and repair. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational. The sample consisted of 293 children aged 10-12 years in Granada (Spain). An ad hoc socio-academic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) were used for data collection. Four clusters were identified by the Ward's method and participants were classified using the K-means method. Subsequently, cluster classification was validated through the MANOVA test (F (861) = 106.12; p ≤ 0.001; f = 1.95). The strongest correlation was obtained in cluster 1 between emotional clarity and emotional repair (r = 0.56; p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the mean values of time spent in out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair of students are adequate and vary according to sex. There are significant differences among the physical activity levels of all clusters, as well as among the emotional variables of attention, clarity and repair. In addition, the correlations between the variables studied vary in each cluster.

Programas de prevención de lesiones en la clase de Educación Física. Una revisión sistemática / Injury prevention programmes in the physical education classroom. A systematic review

Las lesiones musculoesqueléticas están relacionadas en gran medida con la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva. En el caso de los niños y adolescentes se vinculan al ejercicio que realizan en el transcurso de las clases de Educación Física o las actividades deportivas extraescolares. En esta revisión sistemática, el objetivo de investigación es conocer la tipología lesional existente en el contexto escolar educativo y los programas de prevención vinculados a la descripción de las lesiones que se producen en él y conocer los programas de prevención que se implementan por docentes de Educación Física en el transcurso de sus clases. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica durante los meses de enero y febrero del año 2023 en las bases de datos Web of Science, SCOPUS y PubMed. Como motores de búsqueda se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: "injur*", "prevent*”, “program*" y "physical education"; empleándose el operador boleano “and”. Como conclusión destaca la necesidad de continuar investigando y desarrollando programas efectivos de prevención de lesiones en el ámbito escolar y deportivo con el fin de proteger la salud y seguridad de los estudiantes. (AU)

Musculoskeletal injuries are largely related to the practice of physical-sporting activity. In the case of children and adolescents, they are linked to the exercise they carry out during Physical Education classes or extracurricular sports activities. In this systematic review, the aim of the research is to find out about the types of injuries that exist in the educational school context and the prevention programmes linked to the description of the injuries that occur in it and to find out about the prevention programmes that are implemented by Physical Education teachers in the course of their classes. A search of scientific literature was carried out during the months of January and February 2023 in the Web of Science, SCOPUS and PubMed databases. The following keywords were used as search engines: "injur*", "prevent*", "program*" and "physical education", using the Boolean operator "and". In conclusion, it highlights the need to continue researching and developing effective injury prevention programmes in schools and sports in order to protect the health and safety of students. (AU)

Impacto del confinamiento en el desarrollo curricular de Educación Física en Educación primaria y Secundaria / Impact of confinement on the development of the physical education in primary and secondary education

Debido a la pandemia por el COVID-19, el estado de alarma y el confinamiento domiciliario, la docencia pasó a ser virtual en cuestión de unos pocos días y los docentes tuvieron que adaptar todo su trabajo de manera inexorable. Ante esta situación totalmente inédita en la historia de nuestro sistema educativo mediante esta investigación se ha indagado y descrito el impacto del periodo de confinamiento en el currículo escolar de educación física en Educación Primaria (EP) y Educación Secundaria obligatoria (ES). El instrumento utilizado ha sido un cuestionario realizado en Google Forms mediante la técnica Delphi. La muestra está́ compuesta por 100 docentes de las etapas de Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria en España, en concreto en la comunidad autónoma Andaluza. Entre las principales conclusiones destacamos que el profesorado ha considerado que los objetivos de salud y los de condición física, fueron los objetivos más trabajados del área. Los docentes consideran que no se consiguieron llevar a cabo los tiempos motrices establecidos, ni la programación, pero si se consiguió que el alumnado realizara una tarea semanal con una implicación de aproximadamente una hora. Se concluyo que el impacto en el aprendizaje fue grande pues no se consiguieron trabajar todos los contenidos y las tareas planteadas no eran evaluables. (AU)

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the state of alarm and home confinement, teaching became virtual in a matter of a few days and teachers had to adapt all their work inexorably. Faced with this totally unprecedented situation in the history of our educational system, this research has been used to investigate and describe the impact of the period of confinement on the school curriculum of physical education in primary and compulsory secondary education. The instrument used was a questionnaire made in Google Forms using the Delphi technique. The sample consisted of 100 teachers of the Primary Education (PE) and Secondary Education (SE) stages in Spain, specifically in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Among the main conclusions we highlight that the teachers considered that the objectives of health and physical condition were the most worked objectives in the area. The teachers consider that they did not manage to carry out the established motor times, nor the programming, but they did get the students to carry out a weekly task with an involvement of approximately one hour. It was concluded that the impact on learning was great because not all the contents were worked on and the tasks set were not evaluable. (AU)

Physical Activity Time, Alcohol Consumption, Mediterranean Diet, and Anxiety in Education Science Students.

Student lifestyles change during university. This research aimed to classify university students according to their levels of physical activity, alcohol consumption, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and anxiety and studied the relationships between the variables using a multigroup equation model according to gender. The sample was composed of 549 participants (M = 23.06; S.D. = 6.22), of whom 409 were women and 140 were men. Validated and adapted instruments such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the PREDIMED Questionnaire, and the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were used. The data revealed four clusters through Ward's method and the k-means method. Regarding the exploratory model, differences were found in the effects of the variables according to sex. In conclusion, alcohol consumption was positively associated with the Mediterranean diet, and physical activity was negatively associated with the Mediterranean diet and anxiety.