RESUMO
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad constituye un modelo persistente o continuo de inatención y/o hiperactividad e impulsividad, que impide las actividades diarias o el desarrollo típico, pues provoca dificultades para mantener la atención, la función ejecutiva y la memoria de trabajo. Por su repercusión tanto en niños como en adultos, en la actualidad resulta un tema de gran interés sobre el cual se efectúan muchos estudios a nivel mundial. En este artículo se abordan aspectos importantes relacionados con la etiopatogenia de dicho síndrome y los diferentes tratamientos empleados para paliarlo; asimismo se ofrece información acerca de las morbilidades asociadas y los enfoques conceptuales que se evidencian en los sistemas de clasificación internacionales(AU)
The disorder due to lack of attention and hyperactivity constitutes a persistent or continuous model of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsiveness that hinders the daily activities or the typical development, because it causes difficulties to keep the attention, the executive function and the work memory. For their repercussion either in children or in adults, at the present time it is a topic of great interest on which many studies are made worldwide. In this work important aspects related to the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome are approached and the different treatments used to palliate it; also some information about the associated morbidities and the conceptual approaches that are evidenced in the international classification systems are offered.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil , Transtornos Mentais , Comportamento ImpulsivoRESUMO
El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad constituye un modelo persistente o continuo de inatención y/o hiperactividad e impulsividad, que impide las actividades diarias o el desarrollo típico, pues provoca dificultades para mantener la atención, la función ejecutiva y la memoria de trabajo. Por su repercusión tanto en niños como en adultos, en la actualidad resulta un tema de gran interés sobre el cual se efectúan muchos estudios a nivel mundial. En este artículo se abordan aspectos importantes relacionados con la etiopatogenia de dicho síndrome y los diferentes tratamientos empleados para paliarlo; asimismo se ofrece información acerca de las morbilidades asociadas y los enfoques conceptuales que se evidencian en los sistemas de clasificación internacionales.
The disorder due to lack of attention and hyperactivity constitutes a persistent or continuous model of inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsiveness that hinders the daily activities or the typical development, because it causes difficulties to keep the attention, the executive function and the work memory. For their repercussion either in children or in adults, at the present time it is a topic of great interest on which many studies are made worldwide. In this work important aspects related to the etiopathogenesis of this syndrome are approached and the different treatments used to palliate it; also some information about the associated morbidities and the conceptual approaches that are evidenced in the international classification systems are offered.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Criança , Comportamento ImpulsivoRESUMO
Objective: To distinguish Cuban children clinically referred because of ADHD from an at-risk community sample and a community control group in terms of symptoms, associated difficulties and impairment of family and peer relations. Method: Parents and teachers of 1,036 children (6-8 years old) completed an established ADHD rating scale and a behavioral screening measure, including peer functioning. We also administered a structured clinical interview and measures of family impairment to the clinical sample and to an at-risk community-based subsample. Results: Although both clinical and at-risk groups displayed more externalizing and internalizing symptoms than controls, referred children were not only characterized by higher levels of ADHD symptoms, but also by greater impairment of family and peer relations than at-risk community children or community controls. Conclusion: The findings suggest that ADHD has major consequences on the family and peer functioning of Cuban children, which may lead to their referral for treatment(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Relações Comunidade-Instituição , Relações Familiares , Psicologia EducacionalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To distinguish Cuban children clinically referred because of ADHD from an at-risk community sample and a community control group in terms of symptoms, associated difficulties and impairment of family and peer relations. METHOD: Parents and teachers of 1,036 children (6-8 years old) completed an established ADHD rating scale and a behavioral screening measure, including peer functioning.We also administered a structured clinical interview and measures of family impairment to the clinical sample and to an at-risk community-based subsample. RESULTS: Although both clinical and at-risk groups displayed more externalizing and internalizing symptoms than controls, referred children were not only characterized by higher levels of ADHD symptoms, but also by greater impairment of family and peer relations than at-risk community children or community controls. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that ADHD has major consequences on the family and peer functioning of Cuban children, which may lead to their referral for treatment.
