Niveles de vitamina D en sangre materna y su relación con el consumo de pescado y los parámetros antropométricos de los recién nacidos en una cohorte de parejas madre/hijos de Sevilla / Vitamin D levels in maternal blood and its relationship with fish consumption and anthropometric parameters of newborns in a cohort of mother/child couples from Seville

Introducción: Comparar los niveles de vitamina D maternos con la zona de residencia o el consumo de pescado, así como su relación con el peso, la longitud y el perímetro craneal de los bebés. Materiales y métodos: Cohorte de 100 parejas madre-hijo (n=100) de la provincia de Sevilla (Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío y Hospital Universitario de Valme). En muestras de sangre materna (edad gestacional≥40 semanas) se han medido los niveles de 25(OH)D mediante quimioluminiscencia. Las medidas antropométricas de los bebés se realizaron mediante métodos estándares. Resultados: Con relación a los niveles de vitamina D, 54% presentaban valores deficientes, 26% insuficientes y 20% valores suficientes. Tras un análisis de regresión múltiple, se observa que no hay diferencia significativa entre niveles de vitamina D maternos, la longitud y el perímetro cefálico de los bebés, sin embargo, sí con el peso al nacer (p<0,05). Al aplicarse la T-Student y el test Wilcoxon, no hay relación entre niveles de vitamina D y el área de residencia ni con el consumo de pescado materno (ambos p>0,05). Conclusiones: El 80% de madres presentan valores deficientes e insuficientes de vitamina D. No hay correlación entre este parámetro y la longitud y perímetro cefálico del bebé, observándose correlación negativa con el peso al nacer. Tampoco se observa correlación entre la zona de residencia o el consumo de pescado y niveles de vitamina D en madres. Sugerimos complementos en dieta de madres gestantes y seguimiento de los niveles de vitamina D en los bebés.(AU)

Introduction: To compare maternal vitamin D levels with the area of residence or the consumption of fish, as well as its relationship with the weight, length and cranial perimeter of babies. Materials and methods: Cohort of 100 mother–child pairs (n=100) from the province of Seville (Virgen del Rocío University Hospital and Valme University Hospital). In maternal blood samples (gestational age≥40 weeks) 25(OH)D levels have been measured by chemiluminescence. Anthropometric measurements of the babies were made using standard methods. Results: Regarding vitamin D levels, 54% had deficient values, 26% insufficient and 20% sufficient values. After a multiple regression analysis, it is observed that there is no significant difference between maternal vitamin D levels, the length and the cephalic perimeter of the babies, however, there is a difference with the birth weight (P<.05). When applying the t-Student and the Wilcoxon test, there is no relationship between vitamin D levels and the area of residence or with maternal fish consumption (both P>.05). Conclusions: Eighty percent of mothers present deficient and insufficient values of vitamin D. There is no correlation between this parameter and the length and cephalic perimeter of the baby, observing a negative correlation with birth weight. No correlation was observed between the area of residence or the consumption of fish and vitamin D levels in mothers. We suggest dietary supplements for pregnant mothers and monitoring of vitamin D levels in babies.(AU)

Comparison between pollutants found in breast milk and infant formula in the last decade: A review.

Since ancient times, breastfeeding has been the fundamental way of nurturing the newborn. The benefits of breast milk are widely known, as it is a source of essential nutrients and provides immunological protection, as well as developmental benefits, among others. However, when breastfeeding is not possible, infant formula is the most appropriate alternative. Its composition meets the nutritional requirements of the infant, and its quality is subject to strict control by the authorities. Nonetheless, the presence of different pollutants has been detected in both matrices. Thus, the aim of the present review is to make a comparison between the findings in both breast milk and infant formula in terms of contaminants in the last decade, in order to choose the most convenient option depending on the environmental conditions. For that, the emerging pollutants including metals, chemical compounds derived from heat treatment, pharmaceutical drugs, mycotoxins, pesticides, packaging materials, and other contaminants were described. While in breast milk the most concerning contaminants found were metals and pesticides, in infant formula pollutants such as metals, mycotoxins, and packaging materials were the most outstanding. In conclusion, the convenience of using a feeding diet based on breast milk or either infant formula depends on the maternal environmental circumstances. However, it is important to take into account the immunological benefits of the breast milk compared to the infant formula, and the possibility of using breast milk in combination with infant formula when the nutritional requirements are not fulfilled only with the intake of breast milk. Therefore, more attention should be paid in terms of analyzing these conditions in each case to be able to make a proper decision, as it will vary depending on the maternal and newborn environment.