Differential emotions theory: relative contribution of emotion, cognition, and behavior to the prediction of depressive symptomatology in non-referred adolescents.

This study examined the relative contribution of emotions, cognition, and behavior to depressive symptomatology with 80 non-referred adolescents. Differential emotions theory emphasized emotions but pointed to the importance of behavioral and cognitive variables. Subjects completed self-rating scales, theoretically related to depression and differential emotions theory, assessing depressive symptomatology, emotions, automatic dysfunctional thoughts, and activity. Two hierarchical multiple regression models entered the emotional variables first but varied the entry of behavioral and cognitive variables. The findings emphasized the interplay between emotion and behavior, and provided equivocal support for the role of cognition.

The significance of emotions in the affective presentation of sexually abused girls.

This study examined emotions and internalizing symptoms in sexually abused females. Children seen for outpatient evaluation for sexual abuse were compared to a normative sample on measures of emotional expression, anxiety and depression. The outpatient sample reported higher levels of emotions, lower levels of depression and statistically lower levels of anxiety as compared to non-abused peers. The outpatients also were compared to two inpatient samples: inpatient with no history of abuse, and inpatient with a history of abuse. Results are discussed in terms of the need to find different ways to assess emotional adjustment of sexually abused children.

Contribution of coping to medical adjustment and treatment responsibility among children and adolescents with diabetes.

Youngsters with diabetes face numerous, daily challenges associated with their treatment. Previous research has examined coping in relation to global medical adjustment. However, the role that coping with diabetes-specific stressors plays in adherence to different treatment components, and child responsibility for these components, is not well understood. The present study examined the contribution of coping strategies to medical adjustment (i.e., metabolic control, treatment adherence) and level of child responsibility for treatment among children (n = 27) and adolescents (n = 29) with diabetes. Youngsters reported coping strategies in response to three diabetes-related situations (social, diet, fingerprick). Coping strategies accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in predicting most adjustment and responsibility variables, above and beyond the effects of relevant background variables (i.e., age, duration of diabetes, diabetes knowledge). Higher levels of approach-coping strategies related to better adherence to diet. Higher levels of avoidance-coping strategies related to poorer metabolic control and adherence to fingerpricks and higher levels of child responsibility for diet. These findings suggest that the role that coping strategies play in youngsters' medical adjustment is best understood within the context of diabetes-specific situations.

Assessment of anxiety in adolescents: concurrent and factorial validities of the Trait Anxiety scale of Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent and factorial validities of the Trait Anxiety scale of Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children when given to 157 adolescents. Using a randomly selected subsample of 88, correlations between total and factor scores on the children's inventory and on the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale were statistically significant but lower than those reported previously for children. Principal component analyses of these adolescents' scores on the Trait Anxiety scale of the children's inventory replicated previous factor analytic studies of this inventory administered to children. Total scores for these adolescents on the children's and adults' Form Y inventories were only moderately correlated. rs between the two sets of factor scores were low. These findings raise the question of whether the Trait Anxiety scale of the children's inventory when completed by adolescents measures the same construct of trait anxiety as the adult inventory. Researchers must evaluate further the validity of the children's inventory Trait Anxiety scale when administered to adolescents.

Relation between differential emotions and depression in emotionally disturbed children and adolescents.

Differential emotions theory (Izard, 1972) provides a conceptual framework for the role of emotions in affective disorders. The present study investigated the relation of emotions to depression in a sample of child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients (N = 145). Findings indicate that shyness, anger, enjoyment, and shame explained 51.4% of the variance in depression scores. Furthermore, profiles of emotions experienced by youths with a depressive disorder differed significantly from emotion profiles of nondepressed youths on the following emotions: enjoyment, surprise, sadness, anger, shame, shyness, guilt, and self-directed hostility. Differential emotions also correctly classified 80.0% of depressed and nondepressed subjects into their respective groups.

Management of neonatal urinary ascites.

Four cases of neonatal urinary ascites are added to the previous reported 46 cases. Three are males with posterior urethral valves, and one is a female whose bladder was ruptured during traumatic breech extraction. The renal site of urine extravasation was verified by retrograde pyelogram in one instance and operative exploration in another. If relief of the lower urinary tract obstruction does not resolve the ascites, percutaneous or open nephrostomy tube placement on the side of extravasation is advised. With this approach all the patients have survived and now have normal renal function.

Hemangiopericytomas in male pelvis.

All cases of hemangiopericytomas involving the male pelvis which have been reported in the English literature with clinical data have been reviewed. Their clinical features, roentgenographic findings, pathologic features, and treatment are presented with an illustrative case. The tumor is an aggressive neoplasm which characteristically produces late local recurrences or metastases. Since the clinical behavior cannot be reliably predicted from its histologic appearance, all must be regarded as malignant. Primary treatment should be en bloc excision since a high recurrence rate results when simple enucleation or excision is performed. Long-term follow-up is mandatory, and local recurrences or metastases should be resected whenever feasible. Radiation and chemotherapy may convert a nonresectable lesion into a resectable one and provide significant palliation.

Genitourinary malignancy and pseudohyperparathyroidism.

Genitourinary tumors account for half of all documented cases of pseudohyperparathyroidism. The treatment of hypercalcemia is directed toward immediate correction of the electrolyte imbalance and long-term control. These goals are accomplished with volume repletion, calcium normalization and removal of the tumor. Effective therapy includes saline infusion and furosemide. Additional control is obtained with phosphates and/or indomethachin. In refractory cases actinomycin-D or mithramycin is helpful. The first reported case of urethral cancer and second reported case of testicular seminoma producing this syndrome are added to the literature.

Acute renal vein thrombosis with dextran treatment.

The case of a 35-year-old woman with active ulcerative colitis and acute left renal vein thrombosis is presented. The successful management of this patient with dextran-70 is contrasted with other modes of therapy used currently.