Two-channel snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter.

We describe a new setup for a snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter (SMMP). It relies on the separation and orthogonal polarization of two light beams by a Wollaston prism located at the setup output. The simultaneous treatment of the two spectra allows an enhancement of accuracy for real-time measurements through reduction of the effects caused by random noise and systematic errors. Moreover, it gives insight into the nonuniform spectral response of the medium under study. Experimental results support the feasibility of the proposed technique.

Systematic errors specific to a snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter.

Systematic errors specific to a snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter are studied. Their origins and effects are highlighted, and solutions for correction and stabilization are proposed. The different effects induced by them are evidenced by experimental results acquired with a given setup and theoretical simulations carried out for more general cases. We distinguish the errors linked to some imperfection of elements in the experimental setup from those linked to the sample under study.

Second-harmonic-generation-polarimeter calibration by means of a quartz plate.

A dual-rotating-retarder polarimeter was used to determine the six measurable observables of the first hyperpolarizability tensor. Calibration of such an instrument requires a reference sample dedicated to wavelength conversion. We calibrated our experimental setup by using a quartz-plate sample in a two step procedure: at first the first retarder then the second one. The retardance and ellipticity angle of both retarders were estimated by minimizing a chi(2) function. We estimated the standard deviation of each parameter from noise spreading and performed this calibration procedure for two experimental case studies, i.e., two angular positions of the quartz sample.

Snapshot Mueller matrix polarimeter by wavelength polarization coding.

We present a new, to the best of our knowledge, experimental configuration of Mueller matrix polarimeter based on wavelength polarization coding. This is a compact and fast technique to study polarization phenomena. Our theoretical approach, the necessity to correct systematic errors and our experimental results are presented. The feasibility of the technique is tested on vacuum and on a linear polarizer.

Evaluation of blood plasma coagulation dynamics by speckle analysis.

Analysis of speckle dynamics is frequently used to study the motion of scattered objects or liquids. By assessing the increase in contrast on the speckle field produced by a blood plasma sample, illuminated by a laser during a coagulation test, as well as the slowing down of speckle fluctuations, we measured the time required for blood plasma coagulation in vitro and evidence the process dynamics. Then, we compared this noninvasive method with a mechanical viscosity-based detection system classically used in hematology laboratories; our results show good correlation and could provide more information about the blood clotting process.