Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and severity of COVID-19 in people with HIV infection

BackgroundEffective, safe, and affordable antivirals are needed for COVID-19. Tenofovir has not been studied in randomized trials despite evidence consistent with its effectiveness against COVID-19. MethodsWe studied HIV-positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 2020 at 69 HIV clinics in Spain. We collected data on sociodemographics, ART, CD4-cell count, HIV-RNA viral load, comorbidities and the following outcomes: laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. We compared the 48-week risks for individuals receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/ FTC, abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC), and other regimes. All estimates were adjusted for clinical and sociodemographic characteristics via inverse probability weighting. ResultsOf 51,558 eligible individuals, 39.6% were on TAF/FTC, 11.9% on TDF/FTC, 26.6% on ABC/3TC, 21.8% on other regimes. There were 2,402 documented SARS-CoV-2 infections (425 hospitalizations, 45 ICU admissions, 37 deaths). Compared with TAF/FTC, the estimated risk ratios (RR) (95% CI) of hospitalization were 0.66 (0.43, 0.91) for TDF/FTC and 1.29 (1.02, 1.58) for ABC/3TC, the RRs of ICU admission were 0.28 (0.11, 0.90) for TDF/FTC and 1.39 (0.70, 2.80) for ABC/3TC, and the RRs of death were 0.37 (0.23, 1.90) for TDF/FTC and 2.02 (0.88-6.12) for ABC/3TC. The corresponding RRs of hospitalization for TDF/FTC were 0.49 (0.24, 0.81) in individuals [≥]50 years and 1.15 (0.59, 1.93) in younger individuals. ConclusionOur findings suggest that, compared with other antiretrovirals, TDF/FTC lowers COVID-19 severity among HIV-positive individuals with virological control. This protective effect may be restricted to individuals aged 50 years and older.

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19

STRUCTURED ABSTRACTO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the sole causative agent of coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19). MethodsWe performed a retrospective single-center study of consecutively admitted patients between March 1st and May 15th, 2020, with a definitive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary end-point was to evaluate the association of lipid markers with 30-days all-cause mortality in COVID-19. ResultsA total of 654 patients were enrolled, with an estimated 30-day mortality of 22.8% (149 patients). Non-survivors had lower total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels during the entire course of the disease with complete resolution among survivors. Both showed a significant inverse correlation with inflammatory markers and a positive correlation with lymphocyte count. In a multivariate analysis, LDL-c [≤] 69 mg/dl (hazard ratio [HR] 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-3.31), C-reactive protein > 88 mg/dl (HR 2.44; 95% CI, 1.41-4.23) and lymphopenia < 1,000 (HR 2.68; 95% CI, 1.91-3.78) at admission were independently associated with 30-day mortality. This association was maintained 7 days after admission. ConclusionHypolipidemia in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be secondary to an immune-inflammatory response, with complete recovery in survivors. Low LDL-c serum levels are independently associated with higher 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Corticosteroid pulses for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Effects on mortality and in-hospital stay.

Background: COVID-19 has high mortality in hospitalized patients, and we need effective treatments. Our objective was to assess corticosteroid pulses influence on 60-days mortality in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, intensive care admission, and hospital stay. Methods: We designed a multicenter retrospective cohort study in three teaching hospitals of Castilla y Leon, Spain (865.096 people). We selected patients with confirmed COVID-19 and lung involvement with a pO2/FiO2 < 300, excluding those exposed to immunosuppressors before or during hospitalization, patients terminally ill at admission, or died the first 24 hours. We performed a propensity score matching (PSM) adjusting covariates that modify the probability of being treated. Then we used a Cox regression model in the PSM group to consider factors affecting mortality. Findings: From 2933 patients, 257 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. One hundred and twenty-four patients were on corticosteroid pulses, and 133 were not. 30{middle dot}3% (37/122) of patients died in the corticosteroid pulses group and 42{middle dot}9% (57/133) in the non-exposed cohort. These differences (12{middle dot}6% CI95% [8{middle dot}54-16{middle dot}65]) were statically significant (log-rank 4{middle dot}72, p=0{middle dot}03). We performed PSM using the exact method. Mortality differences remained in the PSM group (log-rank 5{middle dot}31, p=0{middle dot}021) and were still significant after a Cox regression model (HR for corticosteroid pulses 0{middle dot}561, p= 0{middle dot}039). There were no significant differences in intensive care admission rate (p=0{middle dot}173). The hospital stay was longer in the corticosteroid group (p<0,001). Interpretation: This study provides evidence about treatment with corticosteroid pulses in severe COVID-19 that might significantly reduce mortality. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria with that selection process set a reliable frame to compare mortality in both exposed and non-exposed groups. Funding: There was no funding provided.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde das Pessoas com Hipertensão e/ou Diabetes do Módulo 04 da UBS Osvaldo Cruz do Município Parnaíba/PI

DUENAS BRAVO, FELIX CARLOS. Melhoria da atenção à saúde das pessoas com hipertensão e/ou diabetes do Módulo 04 da UBS Osvaldo Cruz, Parnaíba/PI. 2016. 81f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2016. As principais causas de morbimortalidade na população brasileira constituem as doenças cardiovasculares, sendo a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e o diabetes mellitus reconhecidas como os principais fatores de risco para essas doenças. Este trabalho teve como objetivo melhorar a atenção à saúde das pessoas com hipertensão e/ou diabetes do Módulo 04 da UBS Osvaldo Cruz. A intervenção foi realizada durante 12 semanas e teve ações contempladas em quatro eixos pedagógicos: organização e gestão dos serviços, qualificação da prática clínica, engajamento público e monitoramento e avaliação. Os dados foram coletados com ajuda da planilha de coleta de dados fornecida pelo curso e um caderno com dados individuais de cada usuário. Utilizamos o protocolo do Ministério da Saúde (2013) para hipertensão e diabetes. O atendimento as pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes atendeu às diretrizes recomendadas pelo protocolo do ministério da saúde, seguindo o fluxo de atendimento, exame clínico adequado, solicitação de exames, prescrição de medicações da farmácia popular, orientações sobre alimentação saudável, tabagismo, atividade física e higiene bucal. A intervenção propiciou a ampliação da cobertura da atenção aos hipertensos e diabéticos, cadastramos 68,2% das pessoas com hipertensão e 102% com diabetes, onde superamos a estimativa de que a área de abrangência possuía 141 pessoas com diabetes. Com relação as metas de qualidade, atingimos 100% em todos os indicadores, nos três meses de intervenção. Além dos bons resultados dos indicadores, a intervenção propiciou a aproximação da equipe, trouxe a colaboração e participação da nutricionista, dentista e fisioterapeuta, resultando na união e comprometimento de todos os participantes, que impactaram de forma positiva na melhoria da atenção a saúde das pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes cadastradas em nosso programa. Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da família; Doença Crônica; Diabetes Mellitus; Hipertensão.