Bovine herpesviruses do not play a major role in the differential diagnosis of rabies in cattle in Southern Brazil / Bovine herpesviruses do not play a major role in the differential diagnosis of rabies in cattle in Southern Brazil

Background: Rabies has long been recognized as the major cause of encephalitis in cattle in Latin American countries. It has been estimated that nearly 50.000 cattle heads per year are lost due to encephalitis in that subcontinent, with a significant economic impact on cattle productive chains. In Brazil only, 2.500 to 3.000 cattle heads are estimated to be lost every year due to rabies. However, it is believed that rabies incidence in cattle is much larger, since usually only a few samples from affected animals in disease outbreaks are submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Rabies encephalitis is promptly and accurately diagnosed; however, particularly when rabies is excluded as causa mortis, the agent responsible for neurological disease of infectious origin often remains undetermined. Two bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are major pathogens of cattle which are widely disseminated in Brazil. As usual in herpesvirus biology, these tend to infect a large number of hosts and establish lifelong latent infections which may occasionally be reactivated. Both viruses, particularly BoHV-5, are often recovered from cases of neurological disease in cattle. The participation of BoHVs in the differential diagnosis of rabies must be evaluated. Besides, there might be associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoH

Background: Rabies has long been recognized as the major cause of encephalitis in cattle in Latin American countries. It has been estimated that nearly 50.000 cattle heads per year are lost due to encephalitis in that subcontinent, with a significant economic impact on cattle productive chains. In Brazil only, 2.500 to 3.000 cattle heads are estimated to be lost every year due to rabies. However, it is believed that rabies incidence in cattle is much larger, since usually only a few samples from affected animals in disease outbreaks are submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Rabies encephalitis is promptly and accurately diagnosed; however, particularly when rabies is excluded as causa mortis, the agent responsible for neurological disease of infectious origin often remains undetermined. Two bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are major pathogens of cattle which are widely disseminated in Brazil. As usual in herpesvirus biology, these tend to infect a large number of hosts and establish lifelong latent infections which may occasionally be reactivated. Both viruses, particularly BoHV-5, are often recovered from cases of neurological disease in cattle. The participation of BoHVs in the differential diagnosis of rabies must be evaluated. Besides, there might be associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoH

Bovine herpesviruses do not play a major role in the differential diagnosis of rabies in cattle in Southern Brazil / Bovine herpesviruses do not play a major role in the differential diagnosis of rabies in cattle in Southern Brazil

Background: Rabies has long been recognized as the major cause of encephalitis in cattle in Latin American countries. It has been estimated that nearly 50.000 cattle heads per year are lost due to encephalitis in that subcontinent, with a significant economic impact on cattle productive chains. In Brazil only, 2.500 to 3.000 cattle heads are estimated to be lost every year due to rabies. However, it is believed that rabies incidence in cattle is much larger, since usually only a few samples from affected animals in disease outbreaks are submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Rabies encephalitis is promptly and accurately diagnosed; however, particularly when rabies is excluded as causa mortis, the agent responsible for neurological disease of infectious origin often remains undetermined. Two bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are major pathogens of cattle which are widely disseminated in Brazil. As usual in herpesvirus biology, these tend to infect a large number of hosts and establish lifelong latent infections which may occasionally be reactivated. Both viruses, particularly BoHV-5, are often recovered from cases of neurological disease in cattle. The participation of BoHVs in the differential diagnosis of rabies must be evaluated. Besides, there might be associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoH

Background: Rabies has long been recognized as the major cause of encephalitis in cattle in Latin American countries. It has been estimated that nearly 50.000 cattle heads per year are lost due to encephalitis in that subcontinent, with a significant economic impact on cattle productive chains. In Brazil only, 2.500 to 3.000 cattle heads are estimated to be lost every year due to rabies. However, it is believed that rabies incidence in cattle is much larger, since usually only a few samples from affected animals in disease outbreaks are submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Rabies encephalitis is promptly and accurately diagnosed; however, particularly when rabies is excluded as causa mortis, the agent responsible for neurological disease of infectious origin often remains undetermined. Two bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are major pathogens of cattle which are widely disseminated in Brazil. As usual in herpesvirus biology, these tend to infect a large number of hosts and establish lifelong latent infections which may occasionally be reactivated. Both viruses, particularly BoHV-5, are often recovered from cases of neurological disease in cattle. The participation of BoHVs in the differential diagnosis of rabies must be evaluated. Besides, there might be associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoH

Morcegos no Rio Grande do Sul: informações sobre a saúde animal

O Rio Grande do Sul possui atualmente 38 espécies de quirópteros (Pacheco et al. 2007) e outras quatro estão sendo descritas, distribuídas em quatro famílias com distintos hábitos alimentares, habitats e comportamentos. Com a expansão urbana e dos sistemas agrícolas e de criação, as áreas consideradas nativas e florestadas estão gradativamente desaparecendo.[...]

Morcegos no Rio Grande do Sul: informações sobre a saúde animal

O Rio Grande do Sul possui atualmente 38 espécies de quirópteros (Pacheco et al. 2007) e outras quatro estão sendo descritas, distribuídas em quatro famílias com distintos hábitos alimentares, habitats e comportamentos. Com a expansão urbana e dos sistemas agrícolas e de criação, as áreas consideradas nativas e florestadas estão gradativamente desaparecendo.[...]

Canine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant

Rabies is caused by rabies virus (RV), a RNA virus member of the Lyssavirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. The aim of this study was to determine antigenic characteristics of a rabies virus isolate (RV183-07) recovered from a stray bitch that died of rabies and to infer the most likely source of contamination, since no urban rabies has been reported in the area in more than 20 years. The virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence and multiplied by one passage in mice. The antigenic profile of the isolate was determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lyssavirus antigens on infected brain tissues. A fragment of the viral genome corresponding to the nucleoprotein (N) gene was submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and the amplicon obtained was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. A 303 base pair fragment of the N gene was cloned, sequenced and compared to other RV sequences available at Genbank. The isolate RV183-07 displayed antigenic and genomic characteristics of rabies virus variants whose natural reservoir is the non-hematophagous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. Therefore, the most likely source of contamination of the bitch was an incidental contact with an infected bat of that species, common inhabitants of the area. In view of that, the status of urban rabies-free of the area was not compromised.

Canine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant

Rabies is caused by rabies virus (RV), a RNA virus member of the Lyssavirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. The aim of this study was to determine antigenic characteristics of a rabies virus isolate (RV183-07) recovered from a stray bitch that died of rabies and to infer the most likely source of contamination, since no urban rabies has been reported in the area in more than 20 years. The virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence and multiplied by one passage in mice. The antigenic profile of the isolate was determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lyssavirus antigens on infected brain tissues. A fragment of the viral genome corresponding to the nucleoprotein (N) gene was submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and the amplicon obtained was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. A 303 base pair fragment of the N gene was cloned, sequenced and compared to other RV sequences available at Genbank. The isolate RV183-07 displayed antigenic and genomic characteristics of rabies virus variants whose natural reservoir is the non-hematophagous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. Therefore, the most likely source of contamination of the bitch was an incidental contact with an infected bat of that species, common inhabitants of the area. In view of that, the status of urban rabies-free of the area was not compromised.

Canine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant

Rabies is caused by rabies virus (RV), a RNA virus member of the Lyssavirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. The aim of this study was to determine antigenic characteristics of a rabies virus isolate (RV183-07) recovered from a stray bitch that died of rabies and to infer the most likely source of contamination, since no urban rabies has been reported in the area in more than 20 years. The virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence and multiplied by one passage in mice. The antigenic profile of the isolate was determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lyssavirus antigens on infected brain tissues. A fragment of the viral genome corresponding to the nucleoprotein (N) gene was submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and the amplicon obtained was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. A 303 base pair fragment of the N gene was cloned, sequenced and compared to other RV sequences available at Genbank. The isolate RV183-07 displayed antigenic and genomic characteristics of rabies virus variants whose natural reservoir is the non-hematophagous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. Therefore, the most likely source of contamination of the bitch was an incidental contact with an infected bat of that species, common inhabitants of the area. In view of that, the status of urban rabies-free of the area was not compromised.

Canine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant

Rabies is caused by rabies virus (RV), a RNA virus member of the Lyssavirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. The aim of this study was to determine antigenic characteristics of a rabies virus isolate (RV183-07) recovered from a stray bitch that died of rabies and to infer the most likely source of contamination, since no urban rabies has been reported in the area in more than 20 years. The virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence and multiplied by one passage in mice. The antigenic profile of the isolate was determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lyssavirus antigens on infected brain tissues. A fragment of the viral genome corresponding to the nucleoprotein (N) gene was submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and the amplicon obtained was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. A 303 base pair fragment of the N gene was cloned, sequenced and compared to other RV sequences available at Genbank. The isolate RV183-07 displayed antigenic and genomic characteristics of rabies virus variants whose natural reservoir is the non-hematophagous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. Therefore, the most likely source of contamination of the bitch was an incidental contact with an infected bat of that species, common inhabitants of the area. In view of that, the status of urban rabies-free of the area was not compromised.

Canine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant

Rabies is caused by rabies virus (RV), a RNA virus member of the Lyssavirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. The aim of this study was to determine antigenic characteristics of a rabies virus isolate (RV183-07) recovered from a stray bitch that died of rabies and to infer the most likely source of contamination, since no urban rabies has been reported in the area in more than 20 years. The virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence and multiplied by one passage in mice. The antigenic profile of the isolate was determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lyssavirus antigens on infected brain tissues. A fragment of the viral genome corresponding to the nucleoprotein (N) gene was submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and the amplicon obtained was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. A 303 base pair fragment of the N gene was cloned, sequenced and compared to other RV sequences available at Genbank. The isolate RV183-07 displayed antigenic and genomic characteristics of rabies virus variants whose natural reservoir is the non-hematophagous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. Therefore, the most likely source of contamination of the bitch was an incidental contact with an infected bat of that species, common inhabitants of the area. In view of that, the status of urban rabies-free of the area was not compromised.

Canine rabies in Rio Grande do Sul caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant

Rabies is caused by rabies virus (RV), a RNA virus member of the Lyssavirus genus, family Rhabdoviridae. The aim of this study was to determine antigenic characteristics of a rabies virus isolate (RV183-07) recovered from a stray bitch that died of rabies and to infer the most likely source of contamination, since no urban rabies has been reported in the area in more than 20 years. The virus was identified by direct immunofluorescence and multiplied by one passage in mice. The antigenic profile of the isolate was determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lyssavirus antigens on infected brain tissues. A fragment of the viral genome corresponding to the nucleoprotein (N) gene was submitted to reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction and the amplicon obtained was subjected to restriction enzyme analysis. A 303 base pair fragment of the N gene was cloned, sequenced and compared to other RV sequences available at Genbank. The isolate RV183-07 displayed antigenic and genomic characteristics of rabies virus variants whose natural reservoir is the non-hematophagous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. Therefore, the most likely source of contamination of the bitch was an incidental contact with an infected bat of that species, common inhabitants of the area. In view of that, the status of urban rabies-free of the area was not compromised.