RESUMO
The Enlightenment brought with it a greater scientific interest in and attention to a wider range of human behavior. In 1789, there emerged during the French Revolution a case of what would be today called multiple personality disorder which came under the care of a local physician, Dr. Eberhard Gmelin. Gmelin had only recently become interested in mesmerism and tried this procedure with this patient. So started an ongoing and gradually increasing exploration of the role of hypnosis in multiple personalities. This paper contributes to the historical background of such psychodynamic concepts as dissociation, splitting, repression, consciousness, subconscious, and unconscious.
Assuntos
Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/história , Hipnose/história , Europa (Continente) , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , HumanosAssuntos
Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/história , Encefalopatias/história , Transtornos Cognitivos/história , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/história , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Histeria/história , Frenologia , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Histeria/história , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Emoções , Feminino , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Histeria/fisiopatologia , LondresRESUMO
The origins of the history of multiple personality in the United States may be found in the lectures and writings of Benjamin Rush. Although the case of Mary Reynolds in 1811 has been thought to be the first known case of multiple personality. Rush described three earlier cases of dissociation and attempted to explain these strange phenomena.
Assuntos
Transtorno Dissociativo de Identidade/história , Feminino , História do Século XVIII , Humanos , Masculino , Psiquiatria/história , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Higiene , Medicina Militar , Guerra , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , Pennsylvania , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The 18th century writers explored the nature of man and decided mankind was divided into six subdivisions. Studying man from a naturalistic viewpoint raised doubts about God's primary role, a questioning totally unacceptable to Benjamin Rush. Rush considered all of mankind as originating from God's original pair, but bearing a deficiency and vulnerability from their original sin. He viewed man as a physiologist, as a materialist, and as a monist. Modifying the Scottish philosophers extensive faculty psychology, he accepted nine mental faculties and of these considered the moral sense essential. Rush and his friend, Thomas Jefferson, shared this belief which enabled them to be more optimistic than their friend John Adams who thought man to be driven by a need for distinction and thereby requiring control from a strong central government.
Assuntos
Filosofia/história , Grupos Raciais/história , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Pessoas Famosas , Guerra , História da Medicina , Medicina Militar , Pennsylvania , Filosofia , PolíticaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a computerized information system, the Professional Activity Study-Medical Audit Program (PAS-MAP), when used by the medical staff of a hospital to conduct medical care evaluation studies. PAS-MAP was compared to a manual system for collecting data not contained on the face sheets of medical records. The results indicated that, compared to the manual system, PAS-MAP: was less costly if more than 41 per cent of hospitalized patients were included in medical care evaluation studies; was as timely as the manual system for data it could provide but provided fewer clinical data elements than physicians requested; and was less protective against human error. Three decision makers assigned weights indicating the relative importance of these results. The weights were combined in an additive model to arrive at a score for each system. Based on these scores, the manual system was recommended for implementation.
