Fontes proteicas alternativas oriundas da cadeia produtiva do biodiesel para alimentação de ruminantes / Alternative protein sources derived from the biodiesel production chain for feeding to ruminants

Objetivou-se avaliar a degradação e a produção de gás de diferentes fontes proteicas geradas na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel em substituição à silagem de milho. Os tratamentos foram: coprodutos de Gossyypium hirsutum, Ricinus communis, Moringa oleifera, Jatropha curcas, Helianthus annus. Os produtos foram analisados mediante a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. O coproduto da moringa apresentou maior taxa de degradação, quando comparado aos demais alimentos, porém apresentou baixa produção de gás e se tornou mais eficiente, sendo, portanto, indicado como o melhor nível (27,06%) de substituição à silagem de milho. O coproduto da mamona e o do algodão produziram a maior quantidade de gás em 48h de incubação. Todos os coprodutos estudados podem ser utilizados na dieta de ruminantes como alimento proteico até 30% de substituição à silagem de milho.(AU)

This study aimed to assess the degradation and gas production of different protein sources generated in the biodiesel production chain replacing corn silage. The treatments were byproducts Gossyypium hirsutum, Ricinus communis, Moringa oleifeira, Jatrophacurcas, and Helianthusannus. The products were analyzed by semi-automated technique of gas production in vitro. The coproduct moringa showed higher degradation rate compared to other foods, but showed low gas production, making it more efficient, being nominated as the best level of 27.06% by replacing corn silage. The byproducts of castor oil and cottonseed produced the largest amount of gas in 48 h of incubation. All studied byproducts can be used in the diet of ruminants as a protein food up to 30% by substitution of corn silage.(AU)

In vitro Fermentation, Digestion Kinetics and Methane Production of Oilseed Press Cakes from Biodiesel Production.

Following the extraction of oil for biodiesel production, oilseed press cakes are high in fat. As the dietary supplementation of fat is currently considered the most promising strategy of consistently depressing methanogenesis, it follows that oilseed press cakes may have a similar potential for CH4 abatement. As such, this study aimed to characterise the nutritive value of several oilseed press cakes, glycerine and soybean meal (SBM) and to examine their effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation, digestion kinetics and CH4 production. Moringa press oil seeds exhibited the greatest in sacco effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP (p<0.05). In vitro gas production (ml/g digested DM) was not affected (p = 0.70) by supplement at 48 h of incubation. In vitro DMD was increased with the supplementation of glycerine and SBM at all levels of inclusion. Moringa oilseed press cakes produced the lowest CH4 (mg/g digested DM) at 6 and 12 h of incubation (p<0.05). The findings suggest that moringa oilseed press cake at 400 g/kg DM has the greatest potential of the oilseed press cakes examined in this study, to reduce CH4 production, without adversely affecting nutrient degradability.

Effects of dietary sulfur level on amino acid concentrations in ruminal bacteria of goats.

12 Angora (18+/-0.6kg BW) and 20 Alpine (24+/-1.0kg BW) goat wethers consumed diets (14.3% CP and 1.67-1.80Mcal/kg ME, DM basis) with 0.11, 0.20, 0.28 or 0.38% S (supplemental S:CaSO(4); N:S ratio is 21, 12, 8 and 6, respectively) for 10 weeks to determine effects of dietary S on amino acid concentrations in ruminal fluid bacteria. The concentration of cysteine in bacterial DM changed quadratically (P<0.08) as dietary S increased (3.28, 3.77, 3.80 and 3.65% for 0.11, 0.20, 0.28 and 0.38% S, respectively). However, dietary S did not alter methionine concentration in bacterial DM or total amino acids, and for the few amino acids whose concentrations were affected, magnitudes of change were relatively small. In conclusion, with diets moderate to low in ME, levels of S greater than 0.20% and N:S ratios less than 12:1 had very little effect on amino acid concentrations in ruminal fluid bacteria of growing goats, which supports the contention that the primary potential influence of inorganic dietary S on absorbed S-containing amino acids is through the quantity of microbial protein synthesized in the rumen.

Production performance and physiological responses of Angora goat kids fed acidified milk replacer.

Angora kids were blocked by birth weight and sex and assigned randomly to goat milk or acidified milk replacer. Daily milk intake, weekly BW, and heart girth measurements, and blood parameters (packed cell volume, total protein, glucose, and NEFA) were monitored at 3 d (initial) and at 4, 6, 8, and 9 wk of age. Both groups were fed their respective milks for ad libitum intake for 6 wk and then reduced to 75, 50, 25, and 0% of wk-6 intake during wk 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. Solid feed (20% CP and 3.1. Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg of DM) was provided for ad libitum intake starting on wk 3. Pretreatment BW (average 2.4 kg) and blood parameters were similar for milk and replacer groups. Packed cell volume (21.8 and 34.2%), total protein (50.3 and 46.6 g/L), and NEFA (.52 and .69 meq/L) for goat milk and acidified milk replacer groups, respectively, were affected by dietary treatment. Final BW (average 10.5 kg) and mean plasma glucose concentration (84 to 88 mg/dl) were similar between treatments; however, kids fed goat milk produced more mohair (13.8%) than those fed acidified milk replacer. Despite physiological differences, acidified milk replacer can be used successfully to raise Angora kids.

Sobre a historia natural do cancer do corpo uterino. Um estudo retro e prospectivo. / On natural history of uterus body cancer. A retro and prospective study

Os autores analisaram 195 pacientes com diagnostico de carcinoma do corpo uterino tratadas no Instituto de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro num periodo de 44 anos. Eles verificaram a correlacao entre algumas condicoes patologicas como antecessores da doenca. Sao feitas consideracoes sobre o futuro dos diagnosticos do potencial biologico dos chamados precursores