Compression-based Facies Modelling.

Simple object- or pixel-based facies models use facies proportions as the constraining input parameter to be honored in the output model. The resultant interconnectivity of the facies bodies is an unconstrained output property of the modelling, and if the objects being modelled are geometrically representative in three dimensions, commonly-available methods will produce well-connected facies when the model net:gross ratio exceeds about 30%. Geological processes have more degrees of freedom, and facies in high net:gross natural systems often have much lower connectivity than can be achieved by object-based or common implementations of pixel-based forward modelling. The compression method decouples facies proportion from facies connectivity in the modelling process and allows systems to be generated in which both are defined independently at input. The two-step method first generates a model with the correct connectivity but incorrect facies proportions using a conventional method, and then applies a geometrical transform to scale the model to the correct facies proportions while retaining the connectivity of the original model. The method, and underlying parameters, are described and illustrated using examples representative of low and high connectivity geological systems.

Versatility of the bilobed flap / Versatilidade do retalho bilobado

BACKGROUND: The bilobed flap is a double transposition flap. Its geometric structure enables a better distribution of tensile forces along its rotation axis, avoiding the skin distortions and redundancy generated by other flaps or primary sutures. The bilobed flap can be made with axial and random vascular patterns, depending on the anatomical region. METHODS: This study reviews 45 surgical cases, describing in detail the technique used to produce the bilobed flap. Defects were classified as small, medium, or large, and several clinical cases are presented in order to explore the versatility of this flap in various etiological diagnoses and anatomical sites. RESULTS: In 93 percent of the cases, the bilobed flap was used for oncologic reconstructions, and the cephalic segment was affected in 71 percent of cases. Postoperative complications were absent in 85 percent of the cases. The rates of infection, trapdoor scar, and epitheliosis and necrosis were 4.4 percent, 4.4 percent, and 11.1 percent, respectively. The overall complication rate was 15 percent. However, these complications did not compromise the clinical evolution of the cases, and the bilobed flap proved to be resolutive in various situations, providing good functional and aesthetic results. CONCLUSIONS: The bilobed flap is versatile, easy to implement, and is widely used in plastic surgery.

INTRODUÇÃO: O retalho bilobado é um retalho de dupla transposição. Sua estruturação geométrica permite melhor distribuição das forças de tensão ao longo de seu eixo de rotação, evitando distorções e redundâncias cutâneas geradas por outros retalhos ou sutura primária. Pode ser confeccionado com padrão vascular axial e aleatório, dependendo da região anatômica. MÉTODO: Este trabalho faz uma revisão de 45 casos operados, descrevendo em detalhes a técnica utilizada para confeccionar o retalho bilobado. Os defeitos são classificados em pequenos, médios e grandes e diversos casos clínicos são apresentados, explorando a versatilidade desse retalho em diferentes diagnósticos etiológicos e sítios anatômicos. RESULTADOS: Em 93 por cento dos casos, o retalho bilobado foi empregado em reconstruções oncológicas, sendo o segmento cefálico acometido em 71 por cento. Não houve qualquer intercorrência pós-operatória em 85 por cento dos casos. A taxa de infecção foi de 4,4 por cento; de cicatriz em alçapão, de 4,4 por cento; e de epiteliólise e necrose, de 11,1 por cento. A taxa geral de complicações foi de 15 por cento. Entretanto, tais complicações não comprometeram a evolução clínica dos casos e o retalho bilobado mostrou-se resolutivo em diferentes situações, propiciando bom resultado tanto funcional como estético. CONCLUSÕES: O retalho bilobado é versátil, de fácil execução e com ampla aplicabilidade em cirurgia plástica.

Reconstrução mamária com retalho miocutâneo expandido de grande dorsal em paciente vítima de fasciite necrotizante em região torácica ocorrida no período neonatal / Breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi expanded flap in a patient suffering

A fasciite necrotizante é uma infecção de tecidos moles, rapidamente progressiva, determinando graves sequelas funcionais e estéticas. No tórax, essa entidade é muito incomum, especialmente em recém-nascidos, situação não encontrada na literatura. Este artigo relata o caso de um recém-nascido, do sexo feminino, vítima de fasciite necrotizante em tórax e região mamária durante a primeira semana de vida, sendo tratada com antibioticoterapia e desbridamento cirúrgico, com fechamento da ferida por segunda intenção. Aos quinze anos de idade, procurou nosso serviço apresentando grande área cicatricial em todo hemitórax esquerdo e ausência completa de desenvolvimento mamário desse mesmo lado. Foi realizada reconstrução mamária com uso de retalho miocutâneo expandido de grande dorsal, com posterior substituição do expansor por implante definitivo de silicone gel.

Necrotizing fasciitis is an infection of soft tissues rapidly progressive, determining severe functional and aesthetic sequelae. In the chest, this entity is very uncommon, especially in newborns, a situation not found in the literature. This article reports the case of a newborn, female, suffering from necrotizing fasciitis in the breast and chest during the first week of life, being treated with antibiotics and surgical debridement with the wound closure by second intention. At fifteen years of age was observed a large scar area in the left hemithorax and complete absence of breast development on that side. Breast reconstruction was performed using an expanded latissimus dorsi flap and placement of tissue expander with subsequent replacement of the expander by silicone gel implant.

Bouncing ball problem: stability of the periodic modes.

Exploring all its ramifications, we give an overview of the simple yet fundamental bouncing ball problem, which consists of a ball bouncing vertically on a sinusoidally vibrating table under the action of gravity. The dynamics is modeled on the basis of a discrete map of difference equations, which numerically solved fully reveals a rich variety of nonlinear behaviors, encompassing irregular nonperiodic orbits, subharmonic and chaotic motions, chattering mechanisms, and also unbounded nonperiodic orbits. For periodic motions, the corresponding conditions for stability and bifurcation are determined from analytical considerations of a reduced map. Through numerical examples, it is shown that a slight change in the initial conditions makes the ball motion switch from periodic to chaotic orbits bounded by a velocity strip v=+/-Gamma(1-epsilon) , where Gamma is the nondimensionalized shaking acceleration and epsilon the coefficient of restitution which quantifies the amount of energy lost in the ball-table collision.

Efeitos adversos da poliquimioterapia em pacientes com hanseníase: um levantamento de cinco anos em um Centro de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia / Adverse effects of multidrug therapy in leprosy patients: a five-year survey at a Health Center of the Federal University of Uberlandia

The introduction of multidrug therapy (WHO/MDT)-composed by the drugs dapsone, clofazimine and rifampicin has enabled the cure of Hansen's disease, however, the adverse effects of these drugs were not given priority by the health team. Aiming to determine MDT's adverse effects' magnitude and relate them to the non-adhesion of patients to the treatment, a study of 187 charts of patients treated with MDT from January of 1995 to May 2000, was carried out at a Health Center of the Federal University of Uberlandia. Side effects were recorded in 71 patients' charts. Among the 113 side effects found, 80 (70.7 per cent) were related to dapsone, 7 (6.2 per cent) were caused by rifampicin and 26 (20.5 per cent) were attributed to clofazimine. These effects induced 28 (14.9 per cent), patients to change the therapeutic scheme, representing 39.4 per cent from the 71 patients with adverse effects. Throughout this study, the importance is discussed of considering MDT's adverse effects when training the health team to heighten the patient's adhesion to the treatment and thereby collaborating to eliminate Hansen's disease as a public health problem.

Efeitos adversos da poliquimioterapia em pacientes com hanseníase: um levantamento de cinco anos em um Centro de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia / Adverse effects of multidrug therapy in leprosy patients: a five-year survey at a Health Center of the Federal University of Uberlândia

A implementaçäo da poliquimioterapia (PQT/OMS) - composta pelas drogas dapsona, clofazimina e rifampicina - possibilitou a cura da hanseníase, porém näo foram priorizados o manejo dos efeitos adversos pelas equipes de saúde. Objetivando determinar a magnitude dos efeitos adversos da poliquimioterapia para hanseníase e relacioná-los como possível causa de näo adesividade do paciente ao tratamento, revisou-se prontuários de 187 pacientes tratados com PQT, de 1995 a 2000, no Centro de Saúde Escola (CSE) -UFU, com registro de efeitos colaterais em 71 pacientes (37,9 por cento). Dentre os 113 efeitos adversos, 80 (70,7 por cento) relacionaram-se à dapsona, 7 (6,2 por cento) à rifampicina, 26 (20,5 por cento) à clofazimina. Esses efeitos levaram à mudança de esquema terapêutico em 28 (14,9 por cento) dos 187 pacientes ou 39,4 por cento dos 71 com efeitos adversos. Discute-se a importância de considerar os efeitos adversos da PQT na capacitaçäo das equipes de saúde para maior adesäo do paciente ao tratamento, colaborando para eliminar a hanseníase como problema de saúde pública

[Adverse effects of multidrug therapy in leprosy patients: a five-year survey at a Health Center of the Federal University of Uberlândia]. / Efeitos adversos da poliquimioterapia em pacientes com hanseníase: um levantamento de cinco anos em um Centro de Saúde da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia.

The introduction of multidrug therapy (WHO/MDT)-composed by the drugs dapsone, clofazimine and rifampicin has enabled the cure of Hansen's disease, however, the adverse effects of these drugs were not given priority by the health team. Aiming to determine MDT's adverse effects' magnitude and relate them to the non-adhesion of patients to the treatment, a study of 187 charts of patients treated with MDT from January of 1995 to May 2000, was carried out at a Health Center of the Federal University of Uberlândia. Side effects were recorded in 71 patients' charts. Among the 113 side effects found, 80 (70.7%) were related to dapsone, 7 (6.2%) were caused by rifampicin and 26 (20.5%) were attributed to clofazimine. These effects induced 28 (14.9%), patients to change the therapeutic scheme, representing 39.4% from the 71 patients with adverse effects. Throughout this study, the importance is discussed of considering MDT's adverse effects when training the health team to heighten the patient's adhesion to the treatment and thereby collaborating to eliminate Hansen's disease as a public health problem.