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1.
Sensors (Basel) ; 23(21)2023 Nov 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37960608

RESUMO

Fishing has provided mankind with a protein-rich source of food and labor, allowing for the development of an important industry, which has led to the overexploitation of most targeted fish species. The sustainable management of these natural resources requires effective control of fish landings and, therefore, an accurate calculation of fishing quotas. This work proposes a deep learning-based spatial-spectral method to classify five pelagic species of interest for the Chilean fishing industry, including the targeted Engraulis ringens, Merluccius gayi, and Strangomera bentincki and non-targeted Normanichthtys crockeri and Stromateus stellatus fish species. This proof-of-concept method is composed of two channels of a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that processes the Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images and the visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) reflectance spectra of each species. The classification results of the CNN model achieved over 94% in all performance metrics, outperforming other state-of-the-art techniques. These results support the potential use of the proposed method to automatically monitor fish landings and, therefore, ensure compliance with the established fishing quotas.


Assuntos
Aprendizado Profundo , Animais , Chile , Benchmarking , Alimentos , Indústrias
2.
Food Chem ; 393: 133417, 2022 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35691065

RESUMO

A fast, precise and inexpensive alternative for evaluating the antioxidant activity (AA) in walnut kernel extracts is proposed. Traditional ABTS assay and an electrochemical index approach have been applied to evaluate the AA in walnuts. A fast and efficient defatting of the walnuts by ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) was carried out. Later, for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds, a procedure based on UAE in ethanolic medium was used. The AA of the sample ethanolic extracts was expressed as both % of inhibition by the ABTS spectrophotometric method and the electrochemical index approach (EI) obtained by the ratio between current and potential peak values using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at a Sonogel-Carbon electrode. The behaviour of the EI approach have been explored using six polyphenols standards and walnut kernel extracts at pH 2. All the polyphenols appeared at an oxidation potential between 0.476 and 0.778 V. Eleven samples available to consumers were analysed. A high significant correlation (R2 = 0.927) between the spectrophotometric measurements and the EI approach of the walnut extracts was obtained.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Juglans , Antioxidantes/química , Flavonoides/química , Juglans/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Polifenóis/química
3.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 5(8): 320-327, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-907696

RESUMO

Abstract: Objective: dental students are particularly affected by stress, which can lead to ‘burnout syndrome’ by association with other psychological factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of perceived stress, coping strategies, and vocational satisfaction on the severity of burnout in Chilean dental students in the clinical years. Method: The study population was comprised of clinical dental students of five Chilean dental schools. The following variables were considered: age, gender, year of study, burnout, coping strategies, perceived stress, and vocational satisfaction. Statistical analysis included descriptive measures, correlation tests, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The final sample included 244 students. Three (1.23 percent) students did not have burnout in any of its factors and 38 (15.57 percent) had severe levels in all three factors. There was a statistically significant greater ‘emotional exhaustion’ in 4th year students. There was a statistically significant correlation of the three factors of burnout with ‘social withdrawal’ coping strategy, high levels of perceived stress, and low levels of present and future vocational satisfaction. Conclusion: Most students presented moderate and high levels of burnout. This situation is associated with dysfunctional coping strategies, high levels of perceived stress, and low levels of present and future vocational satisfaction.


Resumen: Objetivo: los estudiantes de odontología se ven particularmente afectados por el estrés, que puede conducir al síndrome de burnout por asociación con otros factores psicológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el efecto del estrés percibido, las estrategias de afrontamiento y la satisfacción vocacional en la severidad del burnout en los estudiantes de odontología chilenos en los años clínicos. Método: La población estudiada estaba compuesta por estudiantes de odontología en etapa clínica de cinco escuelas dentales chilenas. Se consideraron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, año de estudio, burnout, estrategias de afrontamiento, estrés percibido y satisfacción vocacional. El análisis estadístico incluyó estadísticas descriptivas, pruebas de correlación y análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados: La muestra final incluyó a 244 estudiantes. Tres (1.23 por ciento) estudiantes no presentaron burnout en ninguno de sus factores y 38 (15.57 por ciento) tuvieron niveles severos en los tres factores. Hubo un mayor "agotamiento emocional" estadísticamente significativo en los estudiantes de cuarto año. Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa de los tres factores de burnout con la estrategia de "retirada social", altos niveles de percepción de estrés y bajos niveles de satisfacción vocacional presente y futura. Conclusión: La mayoría de los estudiantes presentaron niveles moderados y altos de burnout. Esta situación se asocia con estrategias de afrontamiento disfuncionales, altos niveles de estrés percibido y bajos niveles de satisfacción vocacional presente y futura.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Chile , Modelos Logísticos , Saúde Mental , Satisfação Pessoal , Fatores Sexuais , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia
4.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 4(6): 399-403, 2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-869005

RESUMO

Abstract: dental students suffer greater stress than the rest of the university population. In general, most health students seek little assistance to help them cope with stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of therapies to manage stress in Chilean clinical dental students. A cross-sectional study was conducted nationwide; this report is a secondary data analysis. The study population was dental students in clinical years (4th and 5th) of 5 Chilean dental schools: Antofagasta, Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Concepción, and La Frontera. This paper reports the use of therapies for stress management during the past six months considering four options: medical/psychiatric, psychological, self-medication and alternative. Tabulation and analysis were done in STATA 10/SE. Three hundred thirty-seven students were surveyed, 54.01 percent were men and 64.99 percent were in fourth year, with an average age of 22.94 more less 2.04. The 48.07 percent of students have used any of the four types of therapies; women and fourth-year students use more any form of therapy with 53.30 percent (p=.037) and 48.86 percent (p=.694), respectively, than men and fifth year students. About half of the students have used some form of therapy to manage stress in the last six months; of the students that received therapy, the percentage of women was significantly higher.


Resumen: los estudiantes de odontología sufren mayor estrés que el resto de la población universitaria. En general los estudiantes del área de la salud recurren escasamente a ayuda para enfrentar el estrés. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la utilización de terapias para manejar el estrés en estudiantes chilenos de odontología en etapa clínica. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal con alcance nacional, este corresponde a un análisis secundario de datos. La población en estudio fueron estudiantes de odontología en período de clínica (4to y 5to año), de 5 Universidades: de Antofagasta, de Valparaíso, de Viña del Mar, de Concepción y de La Frontera. Para el presente estudio se reportan la utilización de terapias para manejar el estrés durante los últimos seis meses considerando cuatro opciones: médico/psiquiátrico, psicológico, automedicación y alternativo. La tabulación y análisis se hizo en STATA 10/SE. Se encuestaron 337 alumnos, 54.01 percent correspondió a hombres y el 64.99 percent a cuarto año, con una edad promedio 22.94 más menos 2.04. Un 48.07 percent ha utilizado alguno de los cuatro tipos de terapia consultadas, las mujeres utilizan en mayor proporción alguna forma de terapia con el 53.30 percent (p=.037), así como los alumnos de cuarto año con un 48.86 percent (p=.694), en comparación a los hombres y alumnos de quinto año respectivamente. Aproximadamente la mitad de los estudiantes han utilizado alguna forma de terapia para manejar el estrés en los últimos seis meses, siendo significativamente superior en mujeres.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 12(2): 56-58, abr. 2001. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-300307

RESUMO

Las infecciones por el VHA han disminuido notorialmente en nuestro país en la última década, existiendo aún áreas geográficas de alta incidencia de infección. La situación epidemiológica corresponde a una endemia mixta. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar y comparar la prevalencia del anti IgG VHA en madres atendidas en 2 maternidades de diferentes estratos socieconómicos. Las muestras de sangre obtenidas del cordón umbilical revelaron una alta prevalencia (83,3 por ciento) de anti IgG VHA en las 42 madres del estrato C3DE a diferencia de la baja prevalencia (43 por ciento), detectadas en las 60 madres del estrado ABC1 (p <0,01). Se analiza la importancia de estos hallazgos y se sugiere la prevención con vacunas contra la infección por VHA a las adolescentes, en especial a las del estrato ABC1 que revelan una baja prevalencia de anti IgG VHA


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Sangue Fetal , Hepatovirus , Imunoglobulina G , Formação de Anticorpos/imunologia , Hepatite A , Hepatovirus , Maternidades , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
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