The negative effects of mechanical vibrations on transport of fertile eggs / Os efeitos negativos das vibrações mecânicas no tranporte de ovos fertilizados

Mechanical vibrations resulted from transportation are mentioned to be a high hazardous issue of integrity and physiology found in biological systems. Fertile eggs that are transported from broiler farm to hatcheries are susceptible to harmful results, and it is still unknown all the possible effects in embryo development. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the loss during hatching and in the quality of broiler chicks, after fertile eggs were exposed to simulated mechanical vibrations in different conditions. The experiment was developed in a commercial hatchery in Mogi-Mirim, São Paulo. Altogether, 1920 fertile eggs from Cobb-500 (31 to 34 weeks) were used. These eggs were exposed to vibrations during the transport in a mechanical simulator (Figure 1a). The assay was performed in a random modeling in blocks arranged in a factorial 2 x 2 + 1 with an additional treatment. The analyzed factors were determined by two vibration levels (lower with RSS 2.5 m/s2 and higher with RSS 7.5 m/s2), associated with two periods of exposition time (60 and 180 minutes). For the results, the answers from birth were analyzed using the hatching rate. The quality of broiler chicks obtained by the amount of first line chicks; and the total loss in the hatchery found in the summation of previous answers. Analyzes were done using a modeling of logistical regression, the effects of significan

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Quality of fertilized eggs exposed to simulated mechanical vibrations condition / Qualidade de ovos fertilizados expostos a condições simuladas de vibrações mecânicas

The fertile egg transport is a crucial issue in the Brazilian broiler aviculture chain. Therefore, many agents intrinsically connected to this process such as the mechanical vibrations, can jeopardize the integrity of this fragile load. Given to this threatening problem the aim of this research was to assess the quality of fertile eggs exposed to different simulated conditions of mechanical vibrations. A mechanical agitator was developed to reproduce the treatments of this study, which were formed by 2 vibration levels. An inferior (instantaneous acceleration, up to 5 m s-2) and a superior (instantaneous acceleration above 10 m/s2), in which they were applied in 2 exposition times, a minimum (60 minutes) and a maximum (180 minutes), making the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4. The assay was conducted in a random modeling in 4 complete blocks that represented the factorial repetitions 2 x 2 +1, with an additional treatment (control). In the total, 2016 eggs from the same batch of matrixes (Cobb-500) in the peak egg reproduction (32-35 weeks) were used. From these eggs, 1920 were exposed to the 4 factorial treatment vibrations (480 eggs per treatment), meanwhile, the remaining 96 were used as control treatment. Among the vibrated eggs, 96 per treatment were sampled in order to be analyzed. In addition, some factors were verified: the diameter and the egg yolk height (EYD and EYH), the d

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Vibrations and mechanical shocks in different roads during the transport of day-old chickes / Vibrações e choques mecânicos em diferentes estradas durante o transporte de pintos de um dia

The vibration and mechanical shocks that occur during the transport of chicks may act as a stressor of birds. The quality of roads also has serious impacts on load, because most vehicles are not designed to reduce vibration felt by the animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transport of day-old chicks on different roads, through vibration and shock of the trucks.  The research was conducted in a poultry integrator company located at state of São Paulo, through the monitoring of 11 shipments of chicks. The day-old chicken transport truck (approximately 8 x 2.50 m, 2.50 m high) was environmentally controlled, with three box stacks (left, right and center) spaced 0.7 m and two axis, with a capacity of 630 boxes of chicks, totaling an average of 63,000 chicks. The vibration levels reviews RMS X (vertical vibration), RMS Z (horizontal vibration) and RSS (general acceleration) and shocks on the dirt and asphalt roads were recorded using three triaxial accelerometers. The experimental design was completely randomized in an 11 x 2 factorial. Difference in vibration levels between dirt roads and asphalt, for RMS X, RMS Z and RSS, with the highest means were observed on the dirt road (P 0.05). However there was no statistical difference between the roads to the RMS Y (Table 1). This event can be attributed to the large irregularities and holes in dirt track. Generally thes

ês.

Objects and food color recognition by chicks / Reconhecimento de cores de objetos e de alimento por pintos

The study of cognitive abilities of newborn broiler chicks using different colors of objects and foods allows to check the level of perception of the animal related to the environment in which the animal finds himself, to understand its ability to retain memory and learning, contributing for the recognition of objects that are around the animal. The objective of this research was to evaluate by preference tests, the ability of perception of broiler chicks in the recognition of objects and foods of different colors. The survey consisted in conditioning of 60 sexed broiler (30 males and 30 females chicks) one-day-old for three days with blue balls and red food colors chosen for having opposed chromaticities. After the conditioning phase, a preference test was performed, in which the animals were placed individually in the center of an arena test with four options: red food, blue food, red balls and blue balls. Latency to the first peck and the number of pecks, the number of sequential pecks the total time the bird in each compartment occupied and the first occupied slot were recorded. According to this study, it was observed that females had a shorter latency period to choose the first compartment to be occupied, remained for a longer period inside the compartments and interacted more with the food or object preference compared to males (Table 1). Chicks took less time for decisi

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Objects and food color recognition by chicks / Reconhecimento de cores de objetos e de alimento por pintos

The study of cognitive abilities of newborn broiler chicks using different colors of objects and foods allows to check the level of perception of the animal related to the environment in which the animal finds himself, to understand its ability to retain memory and learning, contributing for the recognition of objects that are around the animal. The objective of this research was to evaluate by preference tests, the ability of perception of broiler chicks in the recognition of objects and foods of different colors. The survey consisted in conditioning of 60 sexed broiler (30 males and 30 females chicks) one-day-old for three days with blue balls and red food colors chosen for having opposed chromaticities. After the conditioning phase, a preference test was performed, in which the animals were placed individually in the center of an arena test with four options: red food, blue food, red balls and blue balls. Latency to the first peck and the number of pecks, the number of sequential pecks the total time the bird in each compartment occupied and the first occupied slot were recorded. According to this study, it was observed that females had a shorter latency period to choose the first compartment to be occupied, remained for a longer period inside the compartments and interacted more with the food or object preference compared to males (Table 1). Chicks took less time for decisi

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

Vibrations and mechanical shocks in different roads during the transport of day-old chickes / Vibrações e choques mecânicos em diferentes estradas durante o transporte de pintos de um dia

The vibration and mechanical shocks that occur during the transport of chicks may act as a stressor of birds. The quality of roads also has serious impacts on load, because most vehicles are not designed to reduce vibration felt by the animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transport of day-old chicks on different roads, through vibration and shock of the trucks.  The research was conducted in a poultry integrator company located at state of São Paulo, through the monitoring of 11 shipments of chicks. The day-old chicken transport truck (approximately 8 x 2.50 m, 2.50 m high) was environmentally controlled, with three box stacks (left, right and center) spaced 0.7 m and two axis, with a capacity of 630 boxes of chicks, totaling an average of 63,000 chicks. The vibration levels reviews RMS X (vertical vibration), RMS Z (horizontal vibration) and RSS (general acceleration) and shocks on the dirt and asphalt roads were recorded using three triaxial accelerometers. The experimental design was completely randomized in an 11 x 2 factorial. Difference in vibration levels between dirt roads and asphalt, for RMS X, RMS Z and RSS, with the highest means were observed on the dirt road (P 0.05). However there was no statistical difference between the roads to the RMS Y (Table 1). This event can be attributed to the large irregularities and holes in dirt track. Generally thes

ês.

Quality of fertilized eggs exposed to simulated mechanical vibrations condition / Qualidade de ovos fertilizados expostos a condições simuladas de vibrações mecânicas

The fertile egg transport is a crucial issue in the Brazilian broiler aviculture chain. Therefore, many agents intrinsically connected to this process such as the mechanical vibrations, can jeopardize the integrity of this fragile load. Given to this threatening problem the aim of this research was to assess the quality of fertile eggs exposed to different simulated conditions of mechanical vibrations. A mechanical agitator was developed to reproduce the treatments of this study, which were formed by 2 vibration levels. An inferior (instantaneous acceleration, up to 5 m s-2) and a superior (instantaneous acceleration above 10 m/s2), in which they were applied in 2 exposition times, a minimum (60 minutes) and a maximum (180 minutes), making the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4. The assay was conducted in a random modeling in 4 complete blocks that represented the factorial repetitions 2 x 2 +1, with an additional treatment (control). In the total, 2016 eggs from the same batch of matrixes (Cobb-500) in the peak egg reproduction (32-35 weeks) were used. From these eggs, 1920 were exposed to the 4 factorial treatment vibrations (480 eggs per treatment), meanwhile, the remaining 96 were used as control treatment. Among the vibrated eggs, 96 per treatment were sampled in order to be analyzed. In addition, some factors were verified: the diameter and the egg yolk height (EYD and EYH), the d

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.

The negative effects of mechanical vibrations on transport of fertile eggs / Os efeitos negativos das vibrações mecânicas no tranporte de ovos fertilizados

Mechanical vibrations resulted from transportation are mentioned to be a high hazardous issue of integrity and physiology found in biological systems. Fertile eggs that are transported from broiler farm to hatcheries are susceptible to harmful results, and it is still unknown all the possible effects in embryo development. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the loss during hatching and in the quality of broiler chicks, after fertile eggs were exposed to simulated mechanical vibrations in different conditions. The experiment was developed in a commercial hatchery in Mogi-Mirim, São Paulo. Altogether, 1920 fertile eggs from Cobb-500 (31 to 34 weeks) were used. These eggs were exposed to vibrations during the transport in a mechanical simulator (Figure 1a). The assay was performed in a random modeling in blocks arranged in a factorial 2 x 2 + 1 with an additional treatment. The analyzed factors were determined by two vibration levels (lower with RSS 2.5 m/s2 and higher with RSS 7.5 m/s2), associated with two periods of exposition time (60 and 180 minutes). For the results, the answers from birth were analyzed using the hatching rate. The quality of broiler chicks obtained by the amount of first line chicks; and the total loss in the hatchery found in the summation of previous answers. Analyzes were done using a modeling of logistical regression, the effects of significan

O artigo não apresenta resumo em português.