Association between rapid weight gain and overweight in children aged 0 to 5 years in Latin America / Associação entre ganho rápido de peso e excesso de peso em crianças de 0 a 5 anos de idade na América Latina

Abstract Objectives: to assess the prevalence of rapid weight gain (RWG) in children born with normal weight and its association with overweight (OW) in four Latin America countries. Methods: cross-sectional study in children aged 0 to 5 from the Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher in Brazil and the Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru,using a birth weight ≥2,500g. The outcome variable was OW, the exposure was RWG and breastfeeding (BF) was the adjustment variable. Prevalence, odds ratio and 95% confidence intervalwere estimated using multivariate logistic regression model. Results: there was a greater prevalence of RWG and BF at less than 6 months in Brazil, and a greater prevalence of OW in Brazil and Bolivia. The chances of OW when RWG was present and adjusted for BF were 6.1 times (CI95% = 3.8-9.7) in Brazil, 4.4 times (CI95% = 3.6-5.3) in Bolivia, 6.7 times (CI95% = 5.5-8.2) in Colombia, and 12.2 times in Peru (CI95% = 9.4-15.7) with a p < 0.001 for all countries. Conclusions: RWG in children with normal birth weight was associated with a greater chance of being OW in the four observed Latin America countries.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a prevalência do ganho rápido de peso (GRP) em crianças nascidas com peso normal e sua associação com o excesso de peso (EP) em quatro países da América Latina. Métodos: estudo transversal de inquéritos populacionais com crianças de 0 a 5 anos da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde da Criança e da Mulher no Brasil e da Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud da Bolívia, Colômbia e Peru, selecionadas pelo peso ao nascer ≥2.500 gramas. A variável desfecho foi o EP; de exposição o GRP; e de ajuste a amamentação. Foram estimadas as prevalências, odds ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% por regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: observou-se maior prevalência de GRP e tempo de amamentação menor do que 6 meses no Brasil e maior prevalência de EP no Brasil e Bolívia. As chances de EP quando GRP presente e ajustado por amamentação foram de 6,1 vezes (IC95% = 3,8-9,7) no Brasil; 4,4 vezes (IC95% = 3,6-5,3) na Bolívia; 6,7 vezes (IC95% = 5,5-8,2) na Colômbia; 12,2 vezes no Peru (IC95% = 9,4-15,7) e p<0,001 nos quatro países. Conclusões: o GRP em crianças nascidas com peso normal foi associado a maior chance de EP infantil nos quatro países da América Latina.

Evaluation of an Online Course in 5 Languages for Inpatient Cardiac Care Providers on Promoting Cardiac Rehabilitation: REACH, EFFECTS, AND SATISFACTION.

PURPOSE: Evidence proves that health care providers should promote cardiac rehabilitation (CR) to patients face-to-face to increase CR enrollment. An online course was designed to promote this at the bedside; it is evaluated herein in terms of reach, effect on knowledge, attitudes, discussion self-efficacy and practices, and satisfaction. METHODS: Design was observational, one-group pre- and post-test. Some demographics were requested from learners taking all language versions of the 20-min course: English, Portuguese, French, Spanish, and simplified Chinese, available at: https://globalcardiacrehab.com/CR-Utilization. Investigator-generated items in the pre- and post-test and evaluation survey administered using Google Forms were based on Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model. RESULTS: The course was initiated by 522 learners from 33 of 203 (16%) countries; most commonly female (n = 341, 65%) nurses (n = 180, 34%) from high-income countries (n = 259, 57%) completing the English (n = 296, 57%) and Chinese (n = 108, 21%) versions. A total of 414 (79%) learners completed the post-test and 302 (58%) completed the evaluation. Median CR attitudes were 5 of 5 on the Likert scale at pre-test, suggesting some selection bias. Mean CR knowledge ([7.22 ± 2.14]/10), discussion self-efficacy ([3.86 ± 0.85]/5), and practice ([4.13 ± 1.11]/5) significantly improved after completion of the course (all P < .001). Satisfaction was high regardless of language version ([4.44 ± 0.64]/5; P = .593). CONCLUSIONS: This free, open-access course is effective in increasing CR knowledge, self-efficacy, and encouragement practices among participating inpatient cardiac providers, with high satisfaction. While testing impact on actual CR use is needed, it should be more broadly disseminated to increase reach, in an effort to increase patient enrollment in CR, to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Spatial analysis of leisure-time physical activity in an urban area.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a Brazilian urban area and its association with the characteristics of the physical and social environments. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases from the years 2008-2010, in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The outcome was the practice of LTPA and the independent variables were residential and population density, the density of places for physical activity, homicide rates, average family income, and health vulnerability index. The spatial scanning technique was employed to identify clusters with a high prevalence of PA at leisure time. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare variables inside and outside the cluster. RESULTS: The sample included 5,779 participants, 33.3% (SE = 0.73) of whom reported sufficient PA during leisure time. We identified a significant cluster of a high prevalence of LTPA. After adjustments, the cluster presented a radius of 3,041.99 meters and 603 individuals, and 293 (48.6%) of them reported sufficient LTPA. The probability of performing sufficient LTPA in the cluster was 27% higher (PR = 1.27; p = 0.002) than in the coverage areas of primary healthcare units outside the cluster. There was a higher density of places for LTPA practice, higher population and residential density, and higher family income in the cluster. CONCLUSION: The results evidenced a cluster of high prevalence of LTPA in a privileged physical and socioeconomic environment in Belo Horizonte, even after adjustments, demonstrating that reducing inequalities can increase LTPA.

Helenin from Stevia lucida. The first report of this natural eudesmanolide mixture in Eupatorieae tribe.

From aerial parts of Stevia lucida Lagasca was isolated the natural mixture of isomeric eudesmanolides helenin. The identification and quantification of the constituents of helenin (alantolactone 1 and isoalantolactone 2, ratio 3:7) was performed through the quantitative analysis of its 1D and 2D NMR spectra.

Spatial analysis of leisure-time physical activity in an urban area / Análise espacial da prática de atividade física no lazer em área urbana

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in a Brazilian urban area and its association with the characteristics of the physical and social environments. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases from the years 2008-2010, in Belo Horizonte, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The outcome was the practice of LTPA and the independent variables were residential and population density, the density of places for physical activity, homicide rates, average family income, and health vulnerability index. The spatial scanning technique was employed to identify clusters with a high prevalence of PA at leisure time. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare variables inside and outside the cluster. Results: The sample included 5,779 participants, 33.3% (SE = 0.73) of whom reported sufficient PA during leisure time. We identified a significant cluster of a high prevalence of LTPA. After adjustments, the cluster presented a radius of 3,041.99 meters and 603 individuals, and 293 (48.6%) of them reported sufficient LTPA. The probability of performing sufficient LTPA in the cluster was 27% higher (PR = 1.27; p = 0.002) than in the coverage areas of primary healthcare units outside the cluster. There was a higher density of places for LTPA practice, higher population and residential density, and higher family income in the cluster. Conclusion: The results evidenced a cluster of high prevalence of LTPA in a privileged physical and socioeconomic environment in Belo Horizonte, even after adjustments, demonstrating that reducing inequalities can increase LTPA.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial da prevalência da prática de atividade física (AF) no lazer suficiente em uma área urbana brasileira, no período de 2008 a 2010, e verificar se ela é influenciada por características dos ambientes físico e social. Métodos: Estudo transversal com dados do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, realizado em Belo Horizonte (MG), entre os anos 2008 e 2010. O desfecho foi a realização de AF no lazer e as exposições foram densidade residencial e populacional, densidade de locais de prática de AF no lazer, taxa de homicídio, renda familiar média e índice de vulnerabilidade da saúde. Foi empregada a técnica de varredura espacial para identificar clusters de alta prevalência de AF no lazer. Utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar variáveis ambientais dentro e fora do cluster. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 5.779 participantes, dos quais 33,3% referiram praticar AF no lazer suficientemente. Identificou-se um cluster significativo de alta prevalência de prática de AF no lazer. Após ajustes, ele apresentou raio de 3.041,99 m e 603 indivíduos, dos quais 293 (48,6%) realizavam AF no lazer suficiente. A probabilidade de um indivíduo praticar AF no lazer suficiente no cluster foi 27% maior (razão de prevalência — RP = 1,27; p = 0,002) do que nas áreas de abrangência das unidades básicas de saúde não pertencentes a ele. Esse cluster teve maior densidade de locais para a prática de AF no lazer, maior densidade populacional e residencial e maior renda familiar. Conclusão: Constatou-se cluster de alta prevalência de AF no lazer em um contexto físico e econômico privilegiado de Belo Horizonte, o que demonstra que diminuir desigualdades pode aumentar a prática de AF no lazer.

Spatial analysis of leisure-time physical activity in an urban area / Análise espacial da prática de atividade física no lazer em área urbana

Objective: analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity (LPA) in a Brazilian urban area and its association with the characteristics of the physical and social environment. Method: a cross-sectional study with data from the Risk Factors Surveillance system for chronic non-communicable diseases from the years 2008-2010, in Belo Horizonte, MG. The outcome was the performance of LPA and the independent variables were residential and population density, the density of places for physical activity, homicide rates, average family income, health vulnerability index. The spatial scanning technique was employed to identify clusters with a high prevalence of LPA at leisure. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare variables inside and outside the cluster. Results: the sample included 5,779 participants, 33.26% (EP = 0.73) of whom reported practicing sufficient PA during leisure time. We identified a significant cluster of a high prevalence of LPA. After adjustments, the cluster presented a radius of 3,041.99 meters and 603 individuals, 293 (48.6%) of who practiced sufficient LPA. The probability of practicing sufficient LPA in the cluster was 32% higher (PR= 1.32; p= 0.0016) than in the AAUBS that do not belong to the cluster. There was a higher density of places for LPA practice, higher population and residential density and higher family income in the cluster. Conclusions: The results evidenced a cluster of a high prevalence of LPA in a privileged physical and socioeconomic environment in Belo Horizonte, even after adjustments, demonstrating that reducing inequalities can increase LPA.

Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial da prevalência da prática de atividade física suficiente no lazer (AFL) em uma área urbana brasileira, no período de 2008 a 2010, e verificar se esta é influenciada por características do ambiente físico e social. Método: estudo transversal com dados do sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis entre os anos 2008 e 2010, em Belo Horizonte, MG. O desfecho foi a realização de AFL e as exposições foram densidade residencial e populacional, densidade de locais de prática de AFL, taxa de homicídio, renda familiar média e índice de vulnerabilidade à saúde. Foi realizada técnica de varredura espacial para identificar clusters de alta prevalência de AFL. Utilizou-se o teste Mann-Whitney para comparar variáveis ambientais dentro e fora do cluster. Resultados: a amostra foi de 5.779 participantes, dos quais 33,26% referiram praticar AFL suficientemente. Foi identificado um cluster significativo de alta prevalência de prática de AFL. Após ajustes, o cluster apresentou raio de 3.041,99 metros e 603 indivíduos, sendo que 293 destes (48,6%) realizavam AFL suficiente. A probabilidade de um indivíduo praticar AFL suficiente no cluster foi 32% maior (RP=1,32; p=0,0016) do que nas AAUBS não pertencentes ao cluster. Esse cluster teve maior densidade de locais para prática de AFL, maior densidade populacional e residencial e maior renda familiar. Conclusões: foi evidenciado cluster de alta prevalência de AFL em um contexto físico e econômico privilegiado em Belo Horizonte, demonstrando que diminuir desigualdades pode aumentar prática de AF no lazer.

Factors associated with the discontinuance of outpatient follow-up in neonatal units.

OBJECTIVES: to identify predisposing and enabling factors as well as the health needs associated with the discontinuance of outpatient follow-up of newborns who were hospitalized at neonatal intensive care unit. METHODS: cross-sectional study, using the behavioral model of health services use. The study was composed of 358 mothers and newborns referred to the outpatient follow-up after discharge. Characterization, perception of social support, postnatal depression, and attendance to appointments data were collected, analyzed by the R software (3.3.1). RESULTS: outpatient follow-up was discontinued by 31.28% of children in the first year after discharge. In multiple regression analysis, the chance of discontinuance was higher for newborns who used mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.04-2.72) and depended on technology (OR = 3.54; 95%CI 1.32-9.5). CONCLUSIONS: predisposing factors were associated with the discontinuance of follow-up; enabling factors and health needs did not present a significant association. Children with more complex health conditions require additional support to participate in follow-up programs, thus ensuring the continuity of care.

Promoting Patient Utilization of Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation: a joint International Council and Canadian Association of Cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation position statement

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a recommendation in international clinical practice guidelines given its benefits; however, use is suboptimal. The purpose of this position statement was to translate evidence on interventions that increase CR enrollment and adherence into implementable recommendations. The writing panel was constituted by representatives of societies internationally concerned with preventive cardiology and included disciplines that would be implementing the recommendations. Patient partners served, as well as policy makers. The statement was developed in accordance with AGREE II, among other guideline checklists. Recommendations were based on our update of the Cochrane review on interventions to promote patients' utilization of CR. These were circulated to panel members, who were asked to rate each on a 7-point Likert scale in terms of scientific acceptability, actionability, and feasibility of assessment. A Web call was convened to achieve consensus and confirm strength of the recommendations (based on Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE]). The draft underwent external review and public comment. The 3 drafted recommendations were that to increase enrollment, health care providers, particularly nurses (strong), should promote CR to patients face-to-face (strong), and that to increase adherence, part of CR could be delivered remotely (weak). Ratings (mean ± SD) for the 3 recommendations were 5.95 ± 0.69, 5.33 ± 1.12, and 5.64 ± 1.08, respectively. Interventions can significantly increase utilization of CR and hence should be widely applied. We call upon cardiac care institutions to implement these strategies to augment CR utilization and to ensure that CR programs are adequately resourced to serve enrolling patients and support them to complete programs.

Effects of combination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid from Streptomyces kebangsaanensis with amphotericin B on clinical Fusarium solani species

Aim@#A novel endophyte, Streptomyces kebangsaanensis was isolated from the stem of a Malaysian ethnomedicinal plant, Portulaca oleracea in 2013. Studies on S. kebangsaanensis crude extract showed that it had antifungal activities and further work led to isolation of a novel compound, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). This study investigated the combinatorial effect of PCA isolated from S. kebangsaanensis with amphotericin B on the growth of four clinical Fusarium solani isolates. @*Methodology and results@#Disk diffusion assay showed that the crude extract of S. kebangsaaneesis inhibited growth of all four F. solani isolates. Whereas, the compound PCA from this extract inhibited two of the tested F. solani isolates, UZ541/12, and UZ667/13 at minimum inhibitory concentration of 18.00 µg/mL Combinations of this compound with amphotericin B, reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of amphotericin B for these two isolates from 8 to 0.13 µg/mL and 4 to 0.03 µg/mL respectively. Analysis of fractional inhibitory concentration index showed that a borderline synergism is present between the compound and amphotericin B. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of the study@#These results indicate PCA may be useful in improving actions of available drugs against antimicrobial resistant microorganisms.

Factors associated with the discontinuance of outpatient follow-up in neonatal units / Factores asociados con la interrupción del seguimiento ambulatorio de recién nacidos tras el alta de unidades neonatales / Fatores associados à descontinuidade do seguimento ambulatorial de egressos de unidades neonatais

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify predisposing and enabling factors as well as the health needs associated with the discontinuance of outpatient follow-up of newborns who were hospitalized at neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: cross-sectional study, using the behavioral model of health services use. The study was composed of 358 mothers and newborns referred to the outpatient follow-up after discharge. Characterization, perception of social support, postnatal depression, and attendance to appointments data were collected, analyzed by the R software (3.3.1). Results: outpatient follow-up was discontinued by 31.28% of children in the first year after discharge. In multiple regression analysis, the chance of discontinuance was higher for newborns who used mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.04-2.72) and depended on technology (OR = 3.54; 95%CI 1.32-9.5). Conclusions: predisposing factors were associated with the discontinuance of follow-up; enabling factors and health needs did not present a significant association. Children with more complex health conditions require additional support to participate in follow-up programs, thus ensuring the continuity of care.

RESUMEN Objetivso: identificar los factores predisponentes y facilitadores, y las necesidades de salud asociadas a la interrupción del seguimiento ambulatorio de recién nacidos tras el alta de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais. Métodos: estudio transversal, que utilizó el modelo conductual de utilización de servicios de salud. Participaron 358 madres y recién nacidos, que fueron orientados al seguimiento ambulatorio para el alta hospitalaria. Se recogieron los datos de caracterización, de percepción de apoyo social, de depresión posparto y de asiduidad a las consultas, siendo analizados en el software R (3.3.1). Resultados: el siguimiento ambulatorio fue interrumpido por el 31,28% de los niños durante el primer año tras el alta. En el análisis de regresión múltiple, la probabilidad de interrumpir el seguimiento fue mayor entre los recién nacidos que utilizaron ventilación mecánica (OR = 1,68; IC 95% 1,04-2,72) y dependían de la tecnología (OR = 3,54; IC 95% 1,32-9,5). Conclusión: los factores predisponentes fueron asociados con la interrupción del seguimiento; sin embargo, los factores facilitadores y las necesidades de salud no presentaron una asociación significativa. Los niños que presentaban condiciones de salud más complejas requirieron apoyo adicional para participar en los programas de seguimiento y garantizar la continuidad del cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar fatores predisponentes e capacitantes e necessidades de saúde associados à descontinuidade do seguimento ambulatorial de recém-nascidos egressos de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: estudo transversal, utilizando o modelo comportamental de utilização de serviços de saúde. Participaram 358 mães e recém-nascidos encaminhados ao seguimento ambulatorial à alta hospitalar. Foram coletados dados de caracterização, percepção de apoio social, depressão pós-parto e assiduidade às consultas, sendo analisados no software R (3.3.1). Resultados: o seguimento ambulatorial foi descontinuado por 31,28% das crianças no primeiro ano após a alta. Em análise de regressão múltipla, a chance da descontinuidade foi maior nos recém-nascidos que utilizaram ventilação mecânica (OR = 1,68; IC 95% 1,04-2,72) e dependiam de tecnologia (OR = 3,54; IC 95% 1,32-9,5). Conclusões: fatores predisponentes estiveram associados à descontinuidade do seguimento; fatores capacitantes e necessidades de saúde não apresentaram associação significativa. Crianças com condições de saúde mais complexas requerem suporte adicional para participação nos programas de seguimento e garantia da continuidade do cuidado.

Interventions to Promote Patient Utilization of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Cochrane Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Too few patients utilize cardiac rehabilitation (CR), despite its benefits. The Cochrane review assessing the effectiveness of interventions to increase CR utilization (enrolment, adherence, and completion) was updated. A search was performed through July 2018 of the Cochrane and MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) databases, among other sources. Randomized controlled trials in adults with myocardial infarction, angina, revascularization, or heart failure were included. Interventions had to aim to increase utilization of comprehensive phase II CR. Two authors independently performed all stages of citation processing. Following the random-effects meta-analysis, meta-regression was undertaken to explore the impact of pre-specified factors. Twenty-six trials with 5299 participants were included (35.8% women). Low-quality evidence showed an effect of interventions in increasing enrolment (risk ratio (RR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13⁻1.42). Meta-regression analyses suggested that the intervention deliverer (nurse or allied healthcare provider, p = 0.02) and delivery format (face-to-face, p = 0.01) were influential in increasing enrolment. There was low-quality evidence that interventions to increase adherence were effective (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.20⁻0.55), particularly where remotely-offered (SMD = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.36⁻0.76). There was moderate-quality evidence that interventions to increase program completion were effective (RR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.02⁻1.25). There are effective interventions to increase CR utilization, but more research is needed to establish specific, implementable materials and protocols, particularly for completion.

Factors associated with non-adherence to outpatient follow-up of neonatal intensive care discharge.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with non-adherence to the outpatient follow-up of infants discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: A cross-sectional study that included 596 children who were discharged between October 1, 2014 and September 30, 2015 and who were referred to outpatient follow-up. The data were collected by evaluating the discharge report and attendance to the consultations. RESULTS: Of the 596 children referred for follow-up, 118 (19.80%) did not attend any outpatient care in the 12 months after discharge. Children with gestational age at birth ≥37 weeks (odds ratio 1.97, p=0.013), who were not resuscitated at birth (odds ratio 1.79, p=0.032) and those without continuous use of medications at home (odds ratio 1.69, p=0.046) were more likely to not adhere to outpatient follow-up. CONCLUSION: The expressive number of non-adherence to follow-up indicates the need for actions to ensure care continuity to newborns at risk after hospital discharge. Although the differences pointed out cannot be defined as predictors of non-follow-up, evidence of these variables allows us to recognize risks and seek to reduce factors that influence abandoning follow-up care.

Psychosocial well-being over the two years following cardiac rehabilitation initiation & association with heart-health behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To track psychosocial well-being over 2 years following cardiac rehabilitation (CR) initiation, and its' association with heart-health behaviors. METHODS: Patients from 3 CR programs were approached at their first visit, and consenters completed a survey. Participants were emailed surveys again 6 months, 1 and 2 years later. Depressive symptoms (PHQ-8) and quality of life were assessed at each point, as were exercise, nutrition, smoking and medication adherence, among other well-being indicators. RESULTS: Of 411 participants, 46.7% were retained at 2 years. Post-CR, there was 70% concordance between participants' desired and actual work status. Depressive symptoms were consistently minimal over time (mean = 3.17 ±â€¯0.37); Quality of life was high, and increased over time (p = .01). At 2 years, 56.9% participants met exercise recommendations, and 5.4% smoked. With adjustment, greater self-regulation was associated with significantly greater exercise at intake; greater exercise self-efficacy was significantly associated with greater exercise at 1 year; greater disease management self-efficacy was significantly associated with greater exercise at 2 years; greater environmental mastery (actual) was significantly associated with greater exercise at 2 years. Lower depressive symptoms were significantly associated with better nutrition at 2 years. CONCLUSION: CR initiators are thriving, and this relates to better exercise and diet.

Factors associated with non-adherence to outpatient follow-up of neonatal intensive care discharge / Fatores associados à não adesão ao seguimento ambulatorial de egressos de terapia intensiva neonatal / Factores asociados a la no adhesión al seguimiento ambulatorio de egresados de terapia intensiva neonatal

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with non-adherence to the outpatient follow-up of infants discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Method: A cross-sectional study that included 596 children who were discharged between October 1, 2014 and September 30, 2015 and who were referred to outpatient follow-up. The data were collected by evaluating the discharge report and attendance to the consultations. Results: Of the 596 children referred for follow-up, 118 (19.80%) did not attend any outpatient care in the 12 months after discharge. Children with gestational age at birth ≥37 weeks (odds ratio 1.97, p=0.013), who were not resuscitated at birth (odds ratio 1.79, p=0.032) and those without continuous use of medications at home (odds ratio 1.69, p=0.046) were more likely to not adhere to outpatient follow-up. Conclusion: The expressive number of non-adherence to follow-up indicates the need for actions to ensure care continuity to newborns at risk after hospital discharge. Although the differences pointed out cannot be defined as predictors of non-follow-up, evidence of these variables allows us to recognize risks and seek to reduce factors that influence abandoning follow-up care.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados à não adesão ao seguimento ambulatorial de crianças egressas da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: Estudo transversal, que incluiu 596 crianças que receberam alta entre 1º de outubro de 2014 e 30 de setembro de 2015 e foram encaminhadas para o seguimento ambulatorial. Os dados foram coletados por meio de avaliação do relatório de alta e acompanhamento da assiduidade às consultas. Resultados: Das 596 crianças encaminhadas ao seguimento, 118 (19,80%) não compareceram a nenhum atendimento ambulatorial nos 12 meses após a alta. Crianças com idade gestacional ao nascimento ≥37 semanas (odds ratio 1,97, p=0,013), que não foram reanimadas ao nascimento (odds ratio 1,79, p=0,032) e sem uso contínuo de medicamentos no domicílio (odds ratio 1,69, p=0,046) tiveram maiores chances de não aderirem ao seguimento ambulatorial. Conclusão: O número expressivo de não adesão ao seguimento indica a necessidade de ações para garantir a continuidade da assistência ao recém-nascido de risco após a alta hospitalar. Ainda que as diferenças identificadas não permitam ser definidas como preditoras do não seguimento, evidenciar essas variáveis permite-nos reconhecer riscos e buscar reduzir os fatores que influenciam o abandono do seguimento.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores asociados a la no adhesión al seguimiento ambulatorio de niños egresados de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Método: Estudio transversal, que incluyó a 596 niños que recibieron alta entre el 1 de octubre de 2014 y el 30 de septiembre de 2015 y fueron derivados para el seguimiento ambulatorio. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de evaluación del informe de alta y seguimiento de la asistencia a las consultas. Resultados: De los 596 niños encaminados al seguimiento, 118 (19,80%) no asistieron a ninguna atención ambulatoria en los 12 meses después del alta. Los niños con edad gestacional al nacer ≥37 semanas (odds ratio 1,97, p=0,013), que no fueron reanimados al nacer (odds ratio 1,79, p=0,032) y sin uso continuo de medicamentos a domicilio (odds ratio 1), 69, p=0,046) tuvieron mayores posibilidades de no adherir al seguimiento ambulatorio. Conclusión: El número expresivo de no adhesión al seguimiento indica la necesidad de acciones para garantizar la continuidad de la asistencia al recién nacido de riesgo después del alta hospitalaria. Aunque las diferencias identificadas no permitan ser definidas como predictores del no seguimiento, evidenciar esas variables nos permite reconocer riesgos y buscar reducir los factores que influyen en el abandono del seguimiento.

Ajustamento familiar ao nascimento prematuro durante a internação na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Family adjustment to premature birth during hospitalization at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Introdução: o nascimento de um filho prematuro e conseqüente internação do filho na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal desencadeia na família um processo adaptativo que gera uma mudança no sistema familiar. Objetivo: Analisar o ajustamento familiar ao nascimento prematuro durante a internação na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e sua possível associação com a vulnerabilidade familiar, a apreciação familiar acerca do recémnascido prematuro, a capacidade de resolução de problemas e coping e o apoio social. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal e analítico que foi realizado em duas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal no município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. A amostra constitui-se de 70 mães e seus recém-nascidos com idade gestacional menor que 32 semanas, sem malformação congênita e que seus filhos encontraram-se internados nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatais do cenário de estudo. A elaboração do instrumento de coleta de dados foi baseada no modelo de resiliência, estresse, ajustamento e adaptação familiar de McCubbin e McCubbin (1993). Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado para caracterização da amostra, além das escalas de estresse familiar, tensão familiar, escala de depressão pósparto de Edimburgo, escala de estresse parental: UTIN, índice de comunicação e resolução de problemas familiares, escala de apoio social e escala de funcionamento familiar. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre março e agosto de 2017, e os dados foram coletados entre o 3º e 15º dia de internação do prematuro na UTIN. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada regressão linear univariada e múltipla. Foi utilizado o método Backward para seleção final das variáveis. Foram estimados o coeficiente beta do modelo final e seus intervalos de confiança de 95%. Em toda análise, considerou-se o nível de significância de 5%. Utilizou o programa Statistical Software (STATA) versão 12.0 para análise dos dados. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais sob o parecer de n° 1.870.456. Resultados: por meio da análise univariada, foram selecionadas como possíveis preditoras do ajustamento familiar as variáveis: residência em BH, estado marital, escolaridade, idade, tipo de gravidez, via de nascimento, número de consultas de pré-natal, peso ao nascer, dias de internação, depressão pós-parto, resolução de problemas e comunicação familiar e apoio social. Após o ajuste, permaneceram associados com o ajustamento familiar: dias de internação (p=0,014), resolução de problemas e coping familiar (p=0,001) e apoio social (p=0,009). Conclusão: identificou-se que as mães tiveram uma alta percepção da resolução de problemas e coping e apoio social, os quais, acrescidos do aumento de dias de internação, potencializaram o seus ajustamento à situação de ter um filho prematuro internado na UTIN. Assim, pode-se inferir que, mesmo na presença de um evento com potencial desestruturante para a família, como é o nascimento prematuro, as participantes do estudo demonstraram capacidade de superação e ajustamento.

Introduction: the birth of a premature child and consequent hospitalization of the child in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit triggers in the family an adaptive process that generates a change in the family system. Objective: To analyze the family adjustment to premature birth during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and its possible association with family vulnerability, family appreciation of the premature newborn, coping and coping skills and social support. Methods: it is a cross-sectional and analytical study that was performed in two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. The sample consisted of 70 mothers and their newborns with gestational age less than 32 weeks, without congenital malformation and that their children were hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units of the study scenario. The elaboration of the data collection instrument was based on McCubbin and McCubbin's model of resilience, stress, adjustment and family adaptation (1993). A structured questionnaire was used to characterize the sample, in addition to the family stress scales, family stress, Edinburgh postpartum depression scale, parental stress scale: NICU, communication index and resolution of family problems, social support scale and scale of family functioning. Data were collected between March and August 2017, and data were collected between the 3rd and 15th day of hospitalization of the premature infant at the NICU. For the analysis of the data, univariate and multiple linear regression was used. The Backward method was used to select variables. The beta coefficient of the final model and its 95% confidence intervals were estimated. In all analysis, the significance level of 5% was considered. He used the program Statistical Software (STATA) version 12.0 for data analysis. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais under the opinion of No. 1.870.456. Results: by means of the univariate analysis, the following variables were selected as possible predictors of family adjustment: residence in BH, marital status, schooling, age, type of pregnancy, birth route, number of prenatal consultations, birth weight, postpartum depression, problem solving and family communication and social support. After adjustment, they remained associated with family adjustment: days of hospitalization (p = 0.014), problem solving and family coping (p = 0.001) and social support (p = 0.009). Conclusion: it was identified that the mothers had a high perception of problem solving and coping and social support, which, added to the increase in days of hospitalization, potentiated their adjustment to the situation of having a premature child hospitalized in the NICU. Thus, it can be inferred that, even in the presence of an event with a destructive potential for the family, such as preterm birth, the study participants demonstrated the ability to overcome and adjust.(AU)

Prevalência e fatores associados à prematuridade em Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, 2008-2011: análise do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos / Prevalencia y factores asociados con la prematuridad en Divinopolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2008-2011: análisis del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos / Prematurity and associated factors in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, 2008-2011: analysis of the Information System on Live Births

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à prematuridade em Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2008-2011. Métodos: estudo transversal, com dados de 9.987 registros da base do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc); foi empregado modelo de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: a prevalência de prematuridade foi de 8,0%, significativamente maior entre nascidos por parto cesáreo (8,9%), filhos de mães com 15 ou menos (14,4%) e 35 ou mais anos (9,3%), que fizeram 6 ou menos consultas de pré-natal (16,0%) e que tiveram quatro ou mais filhos vivos (11,7%); após o ajuste, a chance de prematuridade foi maior entre filhos de mães menores de 15 anos (OR=1,22; IC95% 1,01;1,49), com 6 ou menos consultas de pré-natal (OR=3,76; IC95% 3,24;4,38) e nascidos por parto cesáreo (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,48;2,04). Conclusão: a prematuridade esteve associada ao parto cesáreo, à realização de menos de sete consultas pré-natal e à menor idade materna.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia y factores asociados con prematuridad en Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2008-2011. Métodos: estudio transversal de 9987 nacimientos de la base de datos del Sistemas de Informaciones sobre Nacidos Vivos (Sinasc); se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de partos prematuros fue 8,0%; siendo significativamente mayor en partos por sección cesárea (8,9%), madres con 15 o menos (14,4%) y 35 o más años (9,3%), que hicieron 6 o menos consultas prenatales (16,0%) y tenían cuatro o más hijos vivos (11,7%); después del ajuste, las probabilidades fueron mayores entre madres menores de 15 años (OR=1,22; IC95% 1,01;1,49), con 6 o menos consultas prenatales (OR=3,76; IC95% 3,24;4,38) y cesarianas (OR=1,73; IC95% 1,48;2,04). Conclusión: la prematuridad se asocia al parto por cesáreo, menos de 7 citas prenatales y menor edad materna.

Objective: to estimate prematurity prevalence and associated factors in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, 2008-2011. Methods: this is a cross-sectional study with data from 9,987 records held on the Information System on Live Births; a multiple logistic regression model was used. Results: prevalence of preterm births was 8.0%; the higher likelihood of premature newborns were found to cesarean section (8.9%), mothers aged 15 or less (14.4%) and aged 35 or more (9.3%), mothers who went to 6 or fewer prenatal care visits (16.0%), and had had 4 or more live births (11.7%); after adjustment, the odds of preterm birth was higher among mothers aged under 15 years old (OR=1.22; 95%CI 1.01;1.49), mothers with 6 or fewer prenatal care visits (OR=3.76; 95%CI 3.24;4.38) and mothers undergoing cesarean section (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.48;2.04). Conclusion: prematurity was associated with cesarean delivery, having fewer than 7 prenatal care visits and lower maternal age.

Prematurity and associated factors in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, 2008-2011: analysis of the Information System on Live Births. / Prevalência e fatores associados à prematuridade em Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, 2008-2011: análise do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos.

OBJECTIVE: to estimate prematurity prevalence and associated factors in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, 2008-2011. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional study with data from 9,987 records held on the Information System on Live Births; a multiple logistic regression model was used. RESULTS: prevalence of preterm births was 8.0%; the higher likelihood of premature newborns were found to cesarean section (8.9%), mothers aged 15 or less (14.4%) and aged 35 or more (9.3%), mothers who went to 6 or fewer prenatal care visits (16.0%), and had had 4 or more live births (11.7%); after adjustment, the odds of preterm birth was higher among mothers aged under 15 years old (OR=1.22; 95%CI 1.01;1.49), mothers with 6 or fewer prenatal care visits (OR=3.76; 95%CI 3.24;4.38) and mothers undergoing cesarean section (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.48;2.04). CONCLUSION: prematurity was associated with cesarean delivery, having fewer than 7 prenatal care visits and lower maternal age.

A Preliminary Study on qEEG in Burn Patients With Chronic Pruritus

OBJECTIVE: To explore and determine the reorganizational changes in the cortical neural circuits associated with pruritis, this study was undertaken to compare the electroencephalography (EEG) changes in burn patients having primary symptoms of chronic itching (pruritis) and their paired healthy subjects. METHODS: Eight subjects were recruited for this exploratory pilot study: 4 patients with pruritus after burn injury matched by gender and age with 4 healthy subjects. EEG recordings were analyzed for absolute alpha, low beta, high beta, and theta power for both groups. RESULTS: The mean age of the burn patients was 41.75 years; while the mean age for the matched healthy subjects was 41.5 years. All subjects were male. A decreased alpha activity was observed in the occipital channels (0.82 vs. 1.4; p=0.01) and a decreased low beta activity in the frontal area (0.22 vs. 0.4; p=0.049) in eyes closed conditions. An overall decreased theta trend was observed in both the eyes open and eyes closed conditions in burn patients, compared to healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study presents initial evidence that chronic pruritus in burn subjects may be associated with brain reorganizational changes at the cortical level characterized by an EEG pattern.

Epistemology of nursing care: a reflection on its foundations. / Epistemologia do cuidado de enfermagem: uma reflexão sobre suas bases.

OBJECTIVE:: to reflect on nursing care and its epistemology from its historical, theoretical, philosophical, spiritual dimensions and as a social practice. METHOD:: discussions originated in the discipline "Epistemology of caring", from the graduate nursing program of the School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, and in critical analysis of nursing literature together with the professional practice of the authors. RESULTS:: we identified the necessity of developing a critical conscience on health care provision, research, and teaching, as well as on challenges in maintaining high standards of working interpersonal relationships, which has a profound impact on population health. CONCLUSION:: we suggest the rescue of integrality, humanization, unity, and spirituality in researches and practices of individual, familiar, and community care, as an advance in incorporating epistemology of caring in nursing.

Epistemologia do cuidado de enfermagem: uma reflexão sobre suas bases / Epistemología del cuidado de enfermería: una reflexión sobre sus bases / Epistemology of nursing care: a reflection on its foundations

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre o cuidado de enfermagem e sua epistemologia, partindo de suas dimensões histórica, teórica, filosófica, espiritual e como prática social. Método: discussões no decorrer da disciplina "Epistemologia do Cuidado", do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e análise crítica de literatura científica da enfermagem agregada ao cuidado no exercício profissional das autoras. Resultados: identificou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de uma consciência crítica sobre as formas de cuidar no âmbito da assistência, pesquisa e ensino, bem como nos desafios que envolvem a qualidade das relações interpessoais no trabalho e no ambiente, como fator de impacto na saúde das pessoas, comunidades e populações. Conclusão: sugere-se o resgate da integralidade, da humanização, da unicidade, da espiritualidade nas pesquisas e práticas do cuidado do indivíduo, da família e da comunidade, como avanço na incorporação do conhecimento epistemológico do cuidar em enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el cuidado de enfermería y su epistemología, partiendo de sus dimensiones histórica, teórica, filosófica, espiritual y como práctica social. Método: discusiones durante dictado de materia "Epistemología del Cuidado", del Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería de la Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais y análisis crítico de literatura científica de enfermería, sumada al cuidado en ejercicio profesional de las autoras. Resultados: se identificó necesidad de desarrollar conciencia crítica sobre formas de cuidar en ámbitos de la atención, investigación y enseñanza, así como en desafíos que involucran la calidad de relaciones interpersonales laborales y ambientales, como factor de impacto en la salud de las personas, comunidades y poblaciones. Conclusión: se sugiere el rescate de la integralidad, la humanización, la unicidad, la espiritualidad, en investigaciones y prácticas de cuidado del individuo, la familia y la comunidad, como avance en la incorporación del conocimiento epistemológico del cuidar en enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on nursing care and its epistemology from its historical, theoretical, philosophical, spiritual dimensions and as a social practice. Method: discussions originated in the discipline "Epistemology of caring", from the graduate nursing program of the School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, and in critical analysis of nursing literature together with the professional practice of the authors. Results: we identified the necessity of developing a critical conscience on health care provision, research, and teaching, as well as on challenges in maintaining high standards of working interpersonal relationships, which has a profound impact on population health. Conclusion: we suggest the rescue of integrality, humanization, unity, and spirituality in researches and practices of individual, familiar, and community care, as an advance in incorporating epistemology of caring in nursing.