Embedding the Patient-Citizen Perspective into an Operational Framework for the Development and the Introduction of New Technologies in Rehabilitation Care: The Smart&Touch-ID Model.

To date, at least 2.41 billion people with Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are in need of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation care through innovative technologies is the ideal candidate to reach all people with NCDs in need. To obtain these innovative solutions available in the public health system calls for a rigorous multidimensional evaluation that, with an articulated approach, is carried out through the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) methodology. In this context, the aim of the present paper is to illustrate how the Smart&TouchID (STID) model addresses the need to incorporate patients' evaluations into a multidimensional technology assessment framework by presenting a feasibility study of model application with regard to the rehabilitation experiences of people living with NCDs. After sketching out the STID model's vision and operational process, preliminary evidence on the experiences and attitudes of patients and citizens on rehabilitation care will be described and discussed, showing how they operate, enabling the co-design of technological solutions with a multi-stakeholder approach. Implications for public health are discussed including the view on the STID model as a tool to be integrated into public health governance strategies aimed at tuning the agenda-setting of innovation in rehabilitation care through a participatory methodology.

Problem Setting and Problem Solving in the Case of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in Apulia, Italy: A Sociological Approach.

This article gives an account of the social construction of phytopathological knowledge in the case of olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) in Apulia, Italy. Due to the economic, cultural, and social importance of the olive crop, the spread of this disease has been characterized by a social debate over the implementation of mandatory phytosanitary policies, the etiological role played by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the role of scientific experts, and the unexplored research trajectories ("undone science") proposed by social and environmental movements. We examine how the disease has generated different approaches to problem setting and problem solving, one focused on OQDS as a complex of symptoms uniquely caused by X. fastidiosa, and the other framing the study of "complesso del disseccamento rapido dell'olivo" (CoDiRO) as a complex of causes. Drawing on a 2-year ethnographic study among researchers, policymakers, agricultural stakeholders, and social movements, this article uses theoretical concepts from the sociology of knowledge, sociology of scientific knowledge, and sociology of ignorance to examine the case and to reconstruct the 360° approach proposed by social movements as an alternative to the epistemic and political reductionism of official phytosanitary and science policies.