RESUMO
Introducción: La evaluación del Proceso Asistencial Integrado de Diabetes Mellitus 2 (PAI-DM2) mediante el instrumento para la evaluación de modelos de atención ante la cronicidad (IEMAC-Diabetes) permite el diseño de intervenciones para la mejora de la atención. Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de la atención sanitaria prestada a los pacientes con DM2. Diseño: Estudio cuasiexperimental de tipo antes-después con grupo control no aleatorizado. Emplazamiento: Distritos sanitarios de atención primaria de Sevilla. Participantes: Un total de 12 cupos médicos, 5 centros de atención primaria, seleccionados de manera discrecional. Intervención: Los profesionales de medicina y enfermería de los 12 cupos experimentales participaron en un programa formativo, incluida una estancia externa en el Hospital de Día de Diabetes. Mediciones principales: Número de pacientes incluidos, hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), exploración de pies (EP) y fondo de ojo (FO). Resultados: Se analizaron 1.475 pacientes con DM2. La proporción de pacientes incluidos por cupo fue del 8,3%, siendo mujeres el 45,4%. Al inicio del estudio, la proporción de pacientes con HbA1c < 7% fue del 38,9% en 2013 frente al 47,7% en 2014, disminuyendo al 40,2% en 2016. El 33,3% de los pacientes tenía en 2013 realizado un FO frente al 41,77% en 2014. El 51,6% en 2013 tenía una EP frente al 54,7% en el 2014. Tras la intervención se alcanzaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el número de HbA1c (p = 0,01) y de retinografías (p = 0,01) solicitadas. Conclusiones: La herramienta IEMAC-Diabetes permite detectar áreas de mejora en el PAI-DM2. La ausencia de diferencias significativas puede deberse a un fenómeno de contaminación y/o al efecto Hawthorne
Introduction: The assessment of the Diabetes Mellitus 2 Care Process (PAI-DM2) through the assessment tool for the chronic illness care models (IEMAC-Diabetes) allows the design of health interventions for the improvement of medical care. Objective: Analysing the quality of healthcare provided to DM2 patients. Design: Quasiexperimental study before and after intervention with a not randomised control group. Location: Health care district of primary care Sevilla. Participants: 12 groups of ascribed patients, 5 Primary Care Healthcenter, chosen in a discretionary way. Intervention: Physicians and nurses from the 12 intervention groups took part in a training program, including an external rotation in the Diabetes Daycare Hospital. Main measurements: Number of included patients, glycated hemoglobin, feet exploration (FE), and ocular fundus (OF). Results: 1,475 DM-2 patients were analysed. The proportion of included patients per group was 8.5%, 45.5% were women. At the beginning of the study, the rate of patients with HbA1c < 7% were 38.9% in 2013 against 47.7% in 2014 and 40.2% in 2016; 33% of the patients had an OF in 2013 against 41.77% in 2014; 51.6% of patients had an EF against 54.7% in 2014. After the intervention, statistically significant differences were reached in HbA1c (p = 0.01) and retinography requested (p = 0.01). Conclusions: IEMAC-Diabetes allows spotting improvement areas in the PAI-DM2. The absence of statistically significant differences may be the result of contamination in the sample and/or Hawthorne effect
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Estudos de Casos e Controles , EficáciaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The assessment of the Diabetes Mellitus 2 Care Process (PAI-DM2) through the assessment tool for the chronic illness' care models (IEMAC-Diabetes) allows the design of health interventions for the improvement of medical care. OBJECTIVE: Analysing the quality of healthcare provided to DM2 patients. DESIGN: Quasiexperimental study before and after intervention with a not randomised control group. LOCATION: Health care district of primary care Sevilla. PARTICIPANTS: 12 groups of ascribed patients, 5 Primary Care Healthcenter, chosen in a discretionary way. INTERVENTION: Physicians and nurses from the 12 intervention groups took part in a training program, including an external rotation in the Diabetes Daycare Hospital. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Number of included patients, glycated hemoglobin, feet exploration (FE), and ocular fundus (OF). RESULTS: 1,475 DM-2 patients were analysed. The proportion of included patients per group was 8.5%, 45.5% were women. At the beginning of the study, the rate of patients with HbA1c<7% were 38.9% in 2013 against 47.7% in 2014 and 40.2% in 2016; 33% of the patients had an OF in 2013 against 41.77% in 2014; 51.6% of patients had an EF against 54.7% in 2014. After the intervention, statistically significant differences were reached in HbA1c (p=0.01) and retinography requested (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: IEMAC-Diabetes allows spotting improvement areas in the PAI-DM2. The absence of statistically significant differences may be the result of contamination in the sample and/or Hawthorne effect.
