Role adoption, anxiety, depression and loneliness in family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: to describe and explore the relationship of loneliness, anxiety and depression with adoption of the caregiver role among individuals caring for people with chronic diseases in Colombia. METHODS: this was an exploratory and cross-sectional study involving 960 primary caregivers of individuals with chronic diseases. We applied the Caregiver Role Adoption Scale, the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and the Anxiety and Depression Scale. Principal component and multiple correspondence analyses were performed for clustering. RESULTS: among the participating caregivers, 40.8% reported experiencing depression, 59% reported anxiety, 54.6% reported moderate to severe loneliness, and 88.6% reported satisfactory adoption of the caregiver role. Caregivers who presented basic or insufficient role adoption levels tended to have higher scores for anxiety, depression and loneliness. CONCLUSION: adoption of the caregiver role is a mediator in the anxiety, depression and loneliness levels among caregivers. Strategies aimed at supporting caregivers should include training for the caregiver role to mitigate the negative impacts of anxiety, depression and loneliness. (1) More than half of the caregivers reported moderate or severe anxiety and loneliness. (2) Caregivers with low role adoption levels presented more anxiety, depression and loneliness. (3) Satisfactory adoption of the caregiver role reduces anxiety, depression and loneliness. (4) Role adoption should be intervened to reduce the impact on caregivers' mental health.

Comparative Analysis of Quality of Life of Family Caregivers of Patients With Heart Failure and Cancer Who Receive Palliative Care.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) is the criterion-standard outcome in palliative care for patients with various illnesses and their family caregivers. There is a need to determine the factors affecting caregivers' QoL in each population and the differences between groups to design differentiated intervention strategies. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to compare the role adoption, social support, and QoL of family caregivers of patients with heart failure and cancer in palliative care and to examine the determinants of QoL. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted with the family caregivers of patients with cancer (n = 81) and heart failure (n = 80) in palliative care. Quality of life in life-limiting situations, role adoption, and social support questionnaires were also administered. A χ2 test, Student t test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used for between-group comparisons. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the effects of the correlated variables on caregivers' QoL. RESULTS: Caregivers of patients with heart failure had better QoL (P = .006) and lower tangible social support (P = .007) than caregivers of patients with heart failure. No differences were found in caregiver role adoption between the groups. Linear regression indicated that for caregivers of patients with cancer, social support, role adoption, caregiver age, and patient functional status affect caregiver QoL. For caregivers of patients with heart failure, role adoption and patient functional status are predictors of QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, healthcare professionals should focus on improving social support and caregiver role adoption and provide greater attention to the QoL of caregivers of patients with cancer.

Role adoption, anxiety, depression and loneliness in family caregivers of patients with chronic diseases / Adopción del rol, ansiedad, depresión y soledad en cuidadores familiares de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas / Adoção do papel, ansiedade, depressão e solidão em cuidadores familiares de pacientes com doenças crônicas

Objective: to describe and explore the relationship of loneliness, anxiety and depression with adoption of the caregiver role among individuals caring for people with chronic diseases in Colombia. Methods: this was an exploratory and cross-sectional study involving 960 primary caregivers of individuals with chronic diseases. We applied the Caregiver Role Adoption Scale, the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and the Anxiety and Depression Scale. Principal component and multiple correspondence analyses were performed for clustering. Results: among the participating caregivers, 40.8% reported experiencing depression, 59% reported anxiety, 54.6% reported moderate to severe loneliness, and 88.6% reported satisfactory adoption of the caregiver role. Caregivers who presented basic or insufficient role adoption levels tended to have higher scores for anxiety, depression and loneliness. Conclusion: adoption of the caregiver role is a mediator in the anxiety, depression and loneliness levels among caregivers. Strategies aimed at supporting caregivers should include training for the caregiver role to mitigate the negative impacts of anxiety, depression and loneliness.

Objetivo: describir y explorar la relación de la soledad, la ansiedad y la depresión con la adopción del rol de cuidador entre personas que se ocupan de cuidar pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en Colombia. Métodos: se trató de un estudio exploratorio y transversal con la participación de 960 cuidadores principales de personas con enfermedades crónicas. Aplicamos la Escala de Adopción del Rol de Cuidador, la Escala de Soledad de la Universidad de California de Los Ángeles y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión. Se realizaron análisis de componentes principales y de correspondencia múltiple para el clustering . Resultados: el 40,8% de los cuidadores que participaron en el estudio informó padecer depresión, el 59% informó ansiedad, el 54,6% indicó soledad de moderada a grave y el 88,6% presentó adopción satisfactoria del rol de cuidador. Los cuidadores que presentaron los niveles básico o insuficiente en términos de adopción del rol tendieron a obtener puntuaciones de ansiedad, depresión y soledad más elevadas. Conclusión: adoptar el rol de cuidador es un mediador de los niveles de ansiedad, depresión y soledad entre los cuidadores. Las estrategias dirigidas a apoyar a los cuidadores deberían incluir preparación para dicho rol a fin de mitigar los efectos negativos de la ansiedad, la depresión y la soledad.

Objetivo: descrever e explorar a relação entre a solidão, a ansiedade e a depressão com a adoção do papel de cuidador entre os indivíduos que cuidam de pessoas com doenças crônicas na Colômbia. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório e transversal que envolveu 960 cuidadores primários de indivíduos com doenças crônicas. Foi aplicada a Escala de Adoção do Papel de Cuidador, a Escala de Solidão da Universidade da Califórnia em Los Angeles e a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão. Foram realizadas análises de componentes principais e de correspondência múltipla para o agrupamento. Resultados: entre os cuidadores participantes, 40,8% relataram ter depressão, 59% relataram ansiedade, 54,6% relataram solidão moderada a grave e 88,6% relataram uma adoção satisfatória do papel de cuidador. Os cuidadores que apresentaram níveis básicos ou insuficientes de adoção do papel tenderam a ter pontuações mais elevadas de ansiedade, depressão e solidão. Conclusão: a adoção do papel de cuidador é um mediador nos níveis de ansiedade, depressão e solidão entre os cuidadores. As estratégias destinadas a apoiar os cuidadores devem incluir o treinamento para o papel de cuidador, a fim de atenuar os impactos negativos da ansiedade, da depressão e da solidão.

Instrumentos para la medición de sobrecarga del cuidador en pacientes con enfermedad crónica: revisión psicométrica / Instruments for the measurement of informal caregiver burden in patients with chronic disease: Psychometric review

Introducción: Los cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad crónica experimentan sobrecarga en actividades de cuidado. Existen diferentes instrumentos que miden la sobrecarga, en Latinoamérica se han validado diferentes instrumentos. Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad metodológica de las propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos que miden la sobrecarga del cuidador en el contexto latinoamericano. Metodología: Revisión sistemática psicométrica. La búsqueda incluyó la combinación de 3 aspectos: estudios de validación; idioma: español, portugués o inglés, lugar de validación: Latinoamérica. Resultados: Un total de 24 artículos se identificaron e incluían 10 instrumentos. El idioma de los artículos con mayor representación fue el español (n = 15). El país con mayor número de estudios de validación fue Brasil (n = 15). El instrumento con mayor número de validaciones fue la Encuesta de Zarit (n = 11). Conclusión: Los instrumentos identificados cuentan con buena calidad metodológica, sin embargo, se requieren futuros estudios que evalúen las propiedades psicométricas faltantes, en especial la validez de contenido.

Introduction: Caregivers of patients with chronic disease experience overload when carrying out continuous care tasks. In the world there are different instruments that measure this overload, in the Latin American context different instruments have been validated. Objetive: To evaluate the methodological quality of the psychometric properties of the instruments that measure caregiver burden in the Latin American. Methodology: Systematic psychometric review. The search included the combination of 3 aspects: validation studies; language: Spanish, Portuguese or English, and place of validation: Latin American. Results: A total of 24 articles were identified and included 10 instruments. The language of the articles with the highest representation was Spanish (n = 15). The country with the highest number of validation studies was Brazil (n = 15). The instrument with the highest number of validations was the Zarit Survey (n = 11). Conclusion: The identified instruments have methodological quality; however, future research is necessary to evaluate the missing psychometric properties, especially content validity

Lecciones aprendidas en Apropiación Social del Conocimiento en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica / Lessons learned in Social Knowledge Appropriation in family caregivers of people with chronic diseases

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica se ven enfrentados a cambios de orden individual, familiar y social, lo que afecta su calidad de vida y son expuestos a prácticas saludables y no saludables. OBJETIVO: Transferir el conocimiento generado en la línea de adopción de rol del cuidador de la persona con enfermedad crónica. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento (ASC) con enfoque de investigación participativa basada en la comunidad. Se contemplaron las siguientes fases: revisión y actualización de literatura científica, identificación de actores, diagnóstico situacional; planeación y desarrollo de la estrategia, y seguimiento. En Bogotá y Cajicá (Colombia), con cuidadores familiares de personas con condiciones crónicas. RESULTADOS: Se confirma la necesidad de dinamizar las redes a través de estrategias de ASC. Se realizaron grupos focales en donde se priorizaron 21 temáticas que fueron abordadas conjuntamente entre los cuidadores y los Jóvenes Talento. Aplicación del pre y postest del instrumento Rol en donde se evidenció un aumento en la adopción del rol. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidenció una constante retroalimentación bidireccional entre los Jóvenes Talento y los cuidadores participantes; contribuyendo a la generación de conocimiento teniendo como fundamentos la evidencia científica.

INTRODUCTION: Family caregivers of people with chronic diseases are faced with individual, family, and social changes that affect their quality of life and are exposed to healthy and unhealthy practices. OBJECTIVE. Transfer the knowledge gained in the process of adopting the role of the chronic illness patient's caregiver. METHODS: Social Knowledge Appropriation (SKA) strategy incorporating a community-based participatory research methodology. Consideration was given to the following phases: review and update of scientific literature, identification of actors, situational analysis, planning and development of the strategy, and follow-up. In Bogotá and Cajicá, with family caregivers of chronically ill patients. RESULTS confirm the need to energize networks with SKA strategies. Twenty-one topics were prioritized and discussed by caregivers and young talent in focus groups. Application of the pre- and post-test of the role instrument, which revealed an increase in role adoption. CONCLUSIONS: A constant bidirectional feedback was observed between the young talents and the participating caregivers, which contributed to the generation of scientifically based knowledge.

PALLIATIVE CARE AND END OF LIFE CARE IN LATIN AMERICA: SCOPING REVIEW

INTRODUCTION: Populational aging and improved treatments for chronic non-communicable diseases extend life expectancy but not always quality of life. By 2060, 48 million people are expected to die of serious illnesses, and 83% of these deaths will occur in developing countries. Only 14% of those who needed palliative care receive it. AIM: To describe the methodological trends, thematic areas, populations studied, and future challenges in Latin American regions with respect to adult palliative care. METHODS: A scoping review of 60 articles from 2010 to 2019 in indexed journals in English, Spanish, and Portuguese was conducted. RESULTS: Most articles were from Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. Patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and students constituted the primary study population. Quality of Life, knowledge, and costs of attention were also assessed. It appears that early palliative care improves the outcomes of patients, caregivers, and health care professionals, however, the disparity in palliative care services between Latin America, US, UK, Canada, and Spain is concerning. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, more palliative care is needed, especially in Latin America. However, there are not enough graduate palliative care programs. Academic palliative care education must be promoted. Communication between the interdisciplinary team, the patient, and the caregiver is critical. While the region's scientific literature output has improved, many knowledge gaps remain. For patients' sake, governments should regulate, create, and facilitate palliative care services.

Soledad, ansiedad, depresión y adopción del rol del cuidador de personas con enfermedad crónica en San Gil, Colombia

Introducción: Los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad crónica adoptan un nuevo rol que puede implicar respuestas como ansiedad, depresión y soledad. Objetivo: Describir y correlacionar las variables de adopción del rol del cuidador, depresión, ansiedad y soledad en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en la provincia de Guanentina, en San Gil, Santander (Colombia), durante el año 2021. Método: Estudio descriptivo, analítico de corte transversal realizado con 112 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedades crónicas. Se utilizó una ficha de caracterización y los instrumentos: Escala adopción del rol del cuidador ROL, escala de soledad de UCLA (University of California at Los Ángeles) y Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión HADS. Resultados: El perfil de los cuidadores fue predominantemente mujer; de 49 años en promedio; casadas, solteras o en unión libre; grado máximo de escolaridad bachiller; de ocupación hogar y nivel socioeconómico medio bajo y bajo. Se encontraron niveles altos de ansiedad en el 18,3 % de ellas, depresión en el 4,3 % y soledad en el 0,9 %, además, se evidenciaron niveles de adopción del rol del cuidador satisfactorios en el 100 %. Se encontró una correlación débil entre ansiedad, depresión y soledad y una correlación inversa entre estas variables con la adopción del rol del cuidador. De igual manera, se encontró una correlación directa entre la edad del paciente y los meses de diagnóstico con las horas de cuidado al día. Por último, se halló carácter predictivo de la ansiedad y la depresión sobre la adopción del rol, de la ansiedad y la adopción del rol sobre la depresión, y de la soledad y la depresión sobre la ansiedad. Conclusiones: los cuidadores tenían niveles de ansiedad, depresión y soledad normales que, al correlacionarse entre sí y con la adopción del rol del cuidador, validan la idea de que, si se interviene a los cuidadores en su trayectoria con orientaciones sobre su rol en cuanto a las labores, la organización y las respuestas se puede contribuir en la disminución de la ansiedad, depresión y soledad. Discusión: la correlación directa observada entre la soledad, depresión y ansiedad es coherente con lo reportado en estudios previos con cuidadores. Acorde con lo reportado por la literatura el desempeño satisfactorio del rol facilita los desenlaces en los cuidadores, en este caso, la moderación de la ansiedad, depresión y soledad.

Introduction: Caregivers of people with chronic disease adopt a new role that may involve responses such as anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Objective: To describe and correlate the variables of adoption of the role of caregiver, depression, anxiety and loneliness in family caregivers of people with chronic disease in the Guanentina province in San Gil, Santander (Colombia), during the year 2021. Methods: Descriptive study, cross-sectional analysis carried out with 112 family caregivers of people with chronic diseases. A characterization sheet and the ROL, UCLA and HADS instruments were used. Results: the profile of the caregivers was predominantly female and average age of 49 years; married, single or in civil union; maximum degree of high school education; of household occupation and low and low-middle socioeconomic level. High levels of anxiety were found in 18,3% of them, depression in 4,3% and loneliness in 0,9%, in addition, satisfactory levels of adoption of the caregiver role were evidenced in 100%. A weak correlation was found between anxiety, depression and loneliness and an inverse correlation between these variables with the adoption of the caregiver role. Similarly, a direct correlation was found between the patient's age and the months of diagnosis with the hours of care per day. Finally, anxiety and depression were found to be predictive of role adoption, of anxiety and role adoption on depression, and of loneliness and depression on anxiety. Conclusions: the caregivers had normal levels of anxiety, depression and loneliness that, when correlated with each other and with the adoption of the caregiver role, validate the idea that, if caregivers are intervened in their trajectory with guidance on their role in terms of the tasks, the organization and the answers can contribute in the reduction of anxiety, depression and loneliness. Discussion: The direct connection observed between loneliness, depression and anxiety is consistent with what has been reported in previous studies with caregivers. In accordance with what has been reported in the literature, satisfactory performance of the role facilitates the outcomes in caregivers, in this case, the moderation of anxiety, depression and loneliness.

Case management as an opportunity for healthcare: user experiences

Introduction: People with multimorbidity and their caregivers are beginning to be recognized as emerging subjects of health systems. In Colombia there is no differentiated approach to care for this population, as well as its health-disease process. Objective: To understand the experience of people with multimorbidity and their caregivers after receiving a case management intervention. Methods and materials: It is a qualitative study in which 33 participants among people with multimorbidity and their caregivers who received intervention with case managers were interviewed, a comparative analysis and use to tools analytics grounded theory. Results: There are 3 dimensions that are, the actors where nursing becomes relevant as a reliable source of care; the Care Meeting, as a space created within case management to maintain trust and; Results in the health system, where the need to integrate this type of outbreak into the Colombian Health Model is confirmed. Discussion: Complementary qualitative evidence data from the central study with a greater impact on the quality of care through the therapeutic relationship at home. Conclusion: The dyad requires home support for self-management of the disease based on trust, empathy, empowerment and administrative management carried out by case managers.

Introducción: Las personas con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores empiezan a ser reconocidos como sujetos emergentes en los sistemas de salud. En Colombia no existe un abordaje diferenciado para la atención de esta población, así como de su proceso de salud-enfermedad. Objetivo: Entender las experiencias de personas con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores tras recibir una intervención de gestión de casos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo en el que se entrevistó a 33 participantes con multimorbilidad y sus cuidadores que recibieron una intervención por parte de gestores de casos; se realizó un análisis comparativo y se utilizaron herramientas analíticas de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Existen tres dimensiones: los actores, donde la enfermería cobra relevancia como fuente confiable de cuidado; la reunión de atención o cuidado, como un espacio creado en la gestión de casos para mantener la confianza; y resultados en el sistema de salud, donde se confirma la necesidad de integrar este tipo de avance en el modelo de salud colombiano. Discusión: Los datos cualitativos complementarios del estudio central evidencian un mayor impacto en la calidad del cuidado a través de la relación terapéutica en el hogar. Conclusión: La díada requiere acompañamiento domiciliario para la autogestión de la enfermedad que esté basado en la confianza, la empatía, el empoderamiento y la gestión administrativa llevada a cabo por los gestores de casos.

Introdução: As pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores estão começando a ser reconhecidos como sujeitos emergentes dos sistemas de saúde. Na Colômbia, não há uma abordagem diferenciada para o atendimento dessa população, bem como para seu processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência de pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores após receberem uma intervenção de gerenciamento de casos. Métodos e materiais: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo no qual foram entrevistados 33 participantes entre pessoas com multimorbidade e seus cuidadores que receberam intervenção com gerentes de caso, uma análise comparativa e o uso de ferramentas analíticas da teoria fundamentada. Resultados: Existem três dimensões que são: os atores onde a enfermagem se torna relevante como uma fonte confiável de cuidados; a Reunião de Cuidados, como um espaço criado dentro do gerenciamento de casos para manter a confiança e; Resultados no sistema de saúde, onde a necessidade de integrar esse tipo de surto no modelo de saúde colombiano é confirmada. Discussão: Dados complementares de evidências qualitativas do estudo central com maior impacto na qualidade do atendimento por meio da relação terapêutica no domicílio. Conclusão: A díade requer apoio domiciliar para o autogerenciamento da doença com base na confiança, empatia, empoderamento e gerenciamento administrativo realizado pelos gerentes de caso.

Perceptions of an educational intervention for family caregivers of palliative care patients.

BACKGROUND: Nursing interventions aimed at family caregivers of palliative cancer patients require not only an objective evaluation, but also subjective consideration of their contributions, and a qualitative evaluation that provides an in-depth understanding of these interventions. AIMS: This study aimed to explore the perceptions that family caregivers of palliative cancer patients had of the nursing intervention, PalliActive Caregivers, in reducing the uncertainty associated with illness and improving the caregiver's quality of life. METHODS: A qualitative approach with content analysis was used. Telephone interviews were conducted with 23 caregivers who participated in the intervention. FINDINGS: Five themes emerged from the content analysis: consolidating physical care, adopting a positive attitude, strengthening the support available to the caregiver, strengthening spirituality and strengthening relationships. CONCLUSION: The themes showed a positive impact of the intervention on aspects such as the caregiver's ability to cope, spirituality and social support of caregivers. The results also indicated the possibility of conducting this type of study to identify other assessment variables for future interventions.

Rarecare: A policy perspective on the burden of rare diseases on caregivers in Latin America.

In Latin America (LA), 40-50 million people live with rare diseases (RDs) that require constant monitoring, care, and attention. Caregivers help them with their basic life activities and medication administration, which they would otherwise be unable to perform. Family caregivers complement healthcare and social security systems; however, their unpaid work is often underappreciated and under-protected. Recognizing the need to address these unrecognized and undervalued women, the Americas Health Foundation (AHF) convened a panel of LA experts on caregiving for people with RDs to provide recommendations to support the undervalued family caregivers. A panel of LA experts in caregiving for RDs were given questions to address the challenges faced by family caregivers of people with RDs in LA. During a 3-day conference, the panelists' responses were discussed and edited until the panel agreed on recommendations to address the challenges. The identified challenges for caregivers included physical, emotional, and economical areas. Caregivers, primarily women, experienced physical pain, and social isolation, and were forced to pay substantial out-of-pocket expenses in their caregiving roles. Brazil and Colombia are at the forefront of policies to protect caregivers and their experiences in attempting to provide for this group are outlined as case studies for what is possible in LA. Finally, recognizing that caregivers must be included in formulating, executing, and evaluating care policies for people living with RDs and that the caregivers themselves require social assurances, the panel suggested policy objectives aimed at protecting caregivers of people living with RDs. The recommendations ranged from recognizing the role of the family caregiver as an essential supplement to the formal healthcare system to providing financial assistance, training, and workplace protection, among others. Finally, monitoring and evaluating the impact of policies is necessary to ensure that LA is moving forward in caring for family caregivers for people with RDs.

Relationship between Burden and Perceived Social Support in Low-income Caregivers Authors / Relación entre la sobrecarga y el apoyo social percibido en cuidadores de bajos ingresos económicos / Relação entre sobrecarga e apoio social percebido em cuidadores de baixa renda

Objectives: To describe and correlate burden and social support in low-income caregivers of chronic patients. Material and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 170 low-income family caregivers of people with chronic diseases who answered a survey on sociodemographic and care variables, in addition to the Zarit scale to measure burden and the MOS questionnaire on perceived social support. The analysis was performed using descriptive and differential statistics. Results: Most caregivers were female, and the predominant kinship was father-son. A significant and negative correlation (rs = -.307, p < 0.001) was identified between the caregivers' burden and perceived social support, as well as a significant and positive correlation (rs = 0.278, p < 0.01) between the time devoted to care and the caregivers' burden. Conclusions: Low-income family caregivers require more social support to reduce the burden levels.

Objetivos: describir y correlacionar la sobrecarga y el apoyo social de cuidadores de pacientes crónicos con bajos ingresos económicos. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado a 170 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica de bajos ingresos económicos a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta sobre variables sociodemográficas y de cuidado, además de la escala Zarit para medir la sobrecarga y el cuestionario MOS sobre apoyo social percibido. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva y diferencial. Resultados: la mayoría de los cuidadores fueron mujeres y el vínculo filial predominante fue de padre e hijo. Se identificó una correlación significativa y negativa (rs = -0,307, p < 0,001) entre la sobrecarga del cuidador y el apoyo social percibido, como también una correlación significativa y positiva (rs = 0,278, p < 0,001) entre el tiempo dedicado al cuidado y la carga del cuidador. Conclusiones: los cuidadores familiares de bajos ingresos económicos requieren mayor apoyo social para disminuir los niveles de sobrecarga.

Objetivos: Descrever e correlacionar a sobrecarga e o suporte social de cuidadores de baixa renda de pacientes crônicos. Material e métodos: Estudo descritivo e transversal, realizado com 170 cuidadores familiares de baixa renda de pessoas com doenças crônicas, que responderam a um questionário sobre variáveis sociodemográficas e assistenciais, além da escala de Zarit para medir a sobrecarga e do questionário MOS sobre suporte social percebido. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva e diferencial. Resultados: A maioria dos cuidadores era do sexo feminino e o vínculo filial predominante era entre pai e filho. Foi identificada uma correlação significativa e negativa (rs = -0,307, p < 0,001) entre a sobrecarga do cuidador e o suporte social percebido, assim como uma correlação significativa e positiva (rs = 0,278, p < 0,001) entre o tempo dedicado ao cuidado e a carga do cuidador. Conclusões: Os cuidadores familiares de baixa renda necessitam de maior suporte social para reduzir os níveis de sobrecarga.

Escalas en español para valoración de personas en cuidados paliativos y sus familias: revisión sistemática psicométrica / Scales in Spanish for Assessing People in Palliative Care and their Families: Psychometric Systematic Review / Escalas en español para valoración de personas en cuidados paliativos y sus familias: revisão sistemática psicométrica

Introducción: una de las bases de la atención en cuidados paliativos es la valoración regular e integral de síntomas en pacientes y familias. Al respecto, es importante reconocer las escalas usadas en cuidados paliativos en idioma español y sus propiedades psicométricas. Objetivo: identificar las escalas en español para la valoración del paciente en cuidados paliativos y su familia, evaluar sus propiedades psicométricas y calidad metodológica de sus propiedades basados en los estándares Cosmin. Método: revisión sistemática psicométrica. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura de las escalas de valoración en cuidados paliativos en español y sus propiedades psicométricas de acuerdo con la propuesta Prisma. Se utilizaron los estándares propuestos por Cosmin para la evaluación de propiedades psicométricas. Resultados: se evaluaron 21 escalas de valoración. La escala de calidad de vida EORTC-QLQ fue la que mayor número de propiedades reportó. La consistencia interna, validez de constructo, contenido y fiabilidad fueron las pruebas más reportadas. Ningún estudio reportó pruebas de validez transcultural. Conclusión: los resultados de este estudio indican una gran variedad de instrumentos disponibles en español para valorar al paciente y al cuidador familiar en cuidados paliativos. Sin embargo, un gran número de propiedades psicométricas de los instrumentos aún se encuentran incompletas. Los resultados muestran la necesidad de seguir investigando las propiedades psicométricas de dichas escalas para garantizar la confiabilidad de estos instrumentos, así como su uso en la práctica e investigación.

Introduction: One of the bases of palliative care is the regular and comprehensive assessment of symptoms in patients and families. In this regard, it is important to recognize the scales used in palliative care in Spanish and their psychometric properties. Objective: Identify the scales in Spanish for the assessment of palliative care patients and their families, evaluate their psychometric properties, and the methodological quality of their properties based on the Cosmin standards. Method: Psychometric systematic review. A literature search of the assessment scales in palliative care in Spanish and its psychometric properties was carried out according to the Prisma proposal. The standards proposed by Cosmin for the evaluation of psychometric properties were used. Results: 21 rating scales were evaluated. The EORTC-QLQ quality of life scale was the one that reported the highest number of properties. Internal consistency, construct validity, content and reliability were the most reported tests. No study reported evidence of cross-cultural validity. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a wide variety of instruments available in Spanish to assess the patient and the family caregiver in palliative care. However, a large number of psychometric properties of the instruments are still incomplete. The results show the need to continue investigating the psychometric properties of these scales to guarantee the reliability of these instruments, as well as their use in practice and research.

Introdução: uma das bases dos cuidados paliativos é a avaliação regular e abrangente dos sicomet em pacientes e familiares. Nesse sentido, é importante reconhecer as escalas utilizadas em cuidados paliativos em sicome e suas propriedades psicométricas. Objectivo: identificar as escalas em sicome para a avaliação de pacientes em cuidados paliativos e suas famílias, avaliar suas propriedades psicométricas e a qualidade metodológica de suas propriedades com base nos sicom Cosmin. Método: revisão sistemática psicométrica. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica para escalas de avaliação de cuidados paliativos em sicome e as suas propriedades psicométricas de sicom com a proposta do Prisma. Foram utilizadas as normas propostas pelo Cosmin para a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas. Resultados: Vinte e uma escalas de classificação foram avaliadas. A escala de qualidade de vida EORTC-QLQ relatou o maior número de propriedades. A sicometría interna, validade da construção, conteúdo e fiabilidade foram os testes mais relatados. Nenhum estudo relatou provas de validade transcultural. Conclusão: os resultados deste estudo sicome uma grande variedade de instrumentos disponíveis em sicome para avaliar o paciente e o cuidador familiar em cuidados paliativos. No entanto, um grande número de propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos estão ainda incompletas. Os resultados mostram a necessidade de mais investigação sobre as propriedades psicométricas destas escalas para sicomet a fiabilidade destes instrumentos, bem como a sua utilização na prática e na investigação.

Diseño, validación facial y de contenido del instrumento "rol del cuidador familiar en administración de medicamentos" / Instrument design and facial and content validation "role of the family caregiver in the administration of medication" / Projeto, face e validação do conteúdo do instrumento "papel do cuidador familiar no gerenciamento de medicamentos"

Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento para medir la adopción del rol del cuidador familiar en la administración de medicamentos en personas con enfermedad crónica y establecer tanto su validez de contenido como facial. Método: Estudio metodológico que incluyó tres fases: diseño del instrumento, determinación de la validez de contenido con 9 expertos y determinación de la validez facial mediante entrevistas cognitivas a 14 cuidadores y juicios de 30 cuidadores de adultos con enfermedades crónicas. Resultados: Se obtuvo un cuestionario conformado por 32 ítems distribuidos en 3 dimensiones denominadas labores, organización y respuesta ante el rol. El instrumento presentó una adecuada validez de contenido dado que todos los ítems superaron el CVI mínimo de 0,58, mientras que para la escala total fue de 0,97. Por su parte, la validez facial mostró que la claridad fue del 99,6%, la comprensión fue del 98,4% y la precisión fue del 96,9%. Conclusión: El instrumento Adopción del rol en la administración de medicamentos mide de forma lógica el constructo y los ítems que lo conforman representan adecuadamente sus dominios.

Objective: To design an instrument to measure the adoption of the role of the family caregiver in the administration of medications in people with chronic disease and to establish both its content and facial validity. Method: Methodological study that included three phases: design of the instrument, determination of content validity with 9 experts and determination of facial validity through cognitive interviews with 14 caregivers and judgments of 30 caregivers of adults with chronic diseases. Results: A questionnaire made up of 32 items distributed in 3 dimensions called tasks, organization and response to the role was obtained. The instrument presented adequate content validity since all the items exceeded the minimum CVI of 0.58, while for the total scale it was 0.97. For its part, facial validity showed that clarity was 99.6%, comprehension was 98.4%, and precision was 96.9%. Conclusion: The instrument Adoption of the role in drug administration logically measures the construct and the items that comprise it adequately represent its domains.

Objetivo: Projetar um instrumento para medir a adoção do papel do cuidador da família na administração de medicamentos em pessoas com doenças crônicas e estabelecer tanto seu conteúdo quanto sua validade facial. Método: Estudo metodológico que incluiu três fases: desen do instrumento, determinação da validade do conteúdo com 9 especialistas e determinação da validade do rosto através de entrevistas cognitivas com 14 cuidadores e julgamentos de 30 cuidadores de adultos cronicamente doentes. Resultados: Foi obtido um questionário composto de 32 itens distribuídos em 3 dimensões chamadas trabalho, organização e resposta ao papel. O instrumento mostrou validade de conteúdo adequada, dado que todos os itens excederam o CVI mínimo de 0,58, enquanto que para a escala total foi de 0,97. A validade facial mostrou que a clareza era 99,6%, a compreensão era 98,4% e a precisão era 96,9%. Conclusão: O instrumento de adoção do papel da Administração de Medicamentos medelogicamente a construção e seus itens representam adequadamente seus domínios.

Ansiedad, depresión, soledad y adopción del rol del cuidador de la persona en cuidado paliativo / Anxiety, depression, loneliness and role-taking in the caregiver of a person in palliative care

Introducción: Los cuidadores familiares de personas en cuidado paliativo (CP) se exponen continuamente a altas demandas de cuidado y a situaciones de angustia, lo que puede afectar su adopción del rol, ansiedad, depresión y percepción de soledad. Objetivo: Describir y correlacionar la ansiedad, depresión, soledad y adopción del rol en una muestra de cuidadores de personas en CP de Bogotá, Colombia.Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo transversal conducido en el primer semestre de 2021 con una muestra de 220 cuidadores familiares principales de personas en CP. Se usaron los instrumentos ROL, HADS y UCLA para medir la adopción del rol del cuidador, ansiedad y depresión, y soledad respectivamente. Fueron usados coeficientes de correlación de Pearson y modelos de regresión lineal para analizar la relación entre las variables. Resultados: El 75 % de las personas en CP tenían cáncer, el 63,2 % con índice de Karnofsky de 30 y con una edad promedio de 69,4 años. El 81,8 % de los cuidadores fueron mujeres, con edad promedio de 47,7 años, el 85,5 % cuida a la persona desde el momento del diagnóstico con una dedicación promedio de 20 h diarias de cuidado; además el 34,2 % se autorreportó enfermo. Los cuidadores que tuvieron menores puntajes de adopción del rol tendieron a presentar mayores niveles de ansiedad, depresión y soledad (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Se requieren intervenciones de cuidado transicional de cuidador familiar de la persona en CP dado su mayor riesgo de presentar soledad, ansiedad y depresión, que promuevan una adopción del rol satisfactoria y que, con ello, mejore los resultados en estos. (AU)

Introduction: Family caregivers of people in palliative care (PC) are continually exposed to high demands for care and situations of distress, which can affect their adoption of the role, causing anxiety, depression, and a perception of loneliness. Aim: To describe and correlate anxiety, depression, loneliness, and role adoption in a sample of caregivers of people in PC in Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted in the first half of 2021 with a sample of 220 main family caregivers of people in PC. The ROL, HADS, and UCLA instruments were used to measure role-taking, anxiety, depression, and loneliness, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficients and linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between variables. Results: 75 % of people in PC had cancer, 63.2 % with a Karnofsky index of 30 and a mean age of 69.4 years; 81.8 % of the caregivers were women, with an average age of 47.7 years; 85.5 % cared for the patient from the time of diagnosis, with an average dedication of 20 hours of care per day. In addition, 34.2 % self-reported illness. Caregivers who had lower role-adoption scores tended to have higher levels of anxiety, depression, and loneliness (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Transitional care interventions are needed for the family caregivers of people in PC given their greater risk of having loneliness, anxiety, and depression, to promote satisfactory role-taking and thus improve their results. (AU)

Adopting the Role of Caregiver of Chronic Patients: Specific Situation Theory / Adopción del rol del cuidador del paciente crónico: teoría de situación específica / Adoção do papel do cuidador do paciente crônico: teoria de situação específica

Abstract Objective: To present the proposal for a specific situation theory on adopting the role of caregiver of chronic patients. Materials and methods: Based on Meleis and Im's integrating strategy, multiple information sources were employed to develop this theory. Results: This prescriptive theory derives from Meleis' mid-range theory based on an exhaustive literature review and the authors' practical and research experience. The information was integrated into core concepts such as caregiver's transition, caregiver role insufficiency, nature and conditions of the transition, nursing transitional care for the caregiver, and healthy transition. Assertions were also derived, such as the adoption of the caregiver role influencing the response patterns or the result indicators related to the caregiver's quality of life and perception of burden. Finally, a theoretical process and an empirical indicator called ROLE are described. Conclusions: This theoretical development recognizes the process faced by caregivers in adopting their role in the care of chronic patients and guides possible nursing interventions to favor a healthy transition.

Resumen Objetivo: dar a conocer una propuesta de teoría de situación específica sobre la adopción del rol del cuidador del paciente crónico. Materiales y métodos: basados en la estrategia integradora de Meleis e Im, se emplearon múltiples fuentes de información para el desarrollo de esta teoría. Resultados: esta teoría de carácter prescriptivo se deriva de la teoría de rango medio de las transiciones de Meleis, a partir de una exhaustiva revisión de literatura y de la experiencia práctica e investigativa de las autoras. Se integró la información en conceptos centrales como: transición del cuidador, insuficiencia del rol de cuidador, naturaleza de la transición, condiciones de transición, cuidado transicional de enfermería al cuidador y transición saludable; se derivaron afirmaciones como que la adopción del rol de cuidador influencia los patrones de respuesta o indicadores de resultado relacionados con la calidad de vida y la percepción de sobrecarga del cuidador; se describe un proceso teórico y un indicador empírico denominado ROL. Conclusiones: este desarrollo teórico permite reconocer el proceso que el cuidador enfrenta para adoptar su rol en el cuidado al paciente crónico y orientar posibles intervenciones de enfermería para favorecer una transición saludable.

Resumo Objetivo: apresentar uma proposta de teoria de uma situação específica sobre a adoção do papel de cuidador do paciente crônico. Materiais e métodos: com base na estratégia integrativa de Meleis e Im, foram utilizadas múltiplas fontes de informação para o desenvolvimento desta teoria. Resultados: esta teoria prescritiva deriva da teoria de médio alcance das transições de Meleis, a partir de uma exaustiva revisão da literatura e da experiência prática e de pesquisa dos autores. As informações foram integradas em conceitos centrais como: transição do cuidador, insuficiência do papel do cuidador, natureza da transição, condições de transição, cuidados de transição de enfermagem para o cuidador e transição saudável; com afirmações que indicam que a adoção do papel de cuidador influencia os padrões de resposta ou indicadores de resultados relacionados à qualidade de vida e à percepção de sobrecarga do cuidador; apresenta-se a descrição de um processo teórico e um indicador empírico denominado ROL. Conclusões: este desenvolvimento teórico permite reconhecer o processo que o cuidador enfrenta para adotar seu papel no cuidado ao paciente crônico e orientar possíveis intervenções de enfermagem para favorecer uma transição saudável.

Temor, estrés, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas ante la COVID-19 en cuidadores familiares de pacientes crónicos / Fear, stress, knowledge, attitudes and practices in the face of COVID-19 in family caregivers of chronic patients / Temor, estresse, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas perante a COVID-19 em cuidadores familiares de pacientes crónicos

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto sobredimensionado en Colombia en términos de incidencia y mortalidad. Cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica asumen el cuidado a largo plazo en el entorno domiciliario en medio del colapso hospitalario. Objetivo: describir, correlacionar e identificar variables predictoras de los conocimientos, actitudes, prácticas, estrés y temor ante la COVID-19 en cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica. Metodología: se realizó un estudio trasversal predictivo con 104 cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Bogotá, Colombia. En el que los instrumentos de caracterización, temor, estrés, conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas ante el COVID-19 fueron aplicados en línea en el segundo semestre de 2020. Resultados: se observó una media de 23.07 (DE=7.2) en temor, 93.18 (DE=31.6) en estrés, 10.1 (DE=1.9) en conocimientos, 1.34 (DE=0.8) en actitudes y 1.89 (DE=0.3), lo que muestra que, aunque los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas tienen niveles altos, se observan altos niveles de estrés y temor ante el COVID-19. Hay una relación directa entre el temor y estrés ante el COVID-19, con peores puntajes en mujeres y personas con bajo nivel de conocimiento. Conclusión: se requiere capacitación y apoyo sostenido a los cuidadores familiares, quienes, en medio del temor y estrés ante el COVID-19, continúan sosteniendo el cuidado a largo plazo de enfermos crónicos en el entorno domiciliario.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had an disproportioned impact in Colombia in terms of incidence and mortality. Family caregivers of people with chronic illness take on long-term care in the home setting amid hospital collapse. Objective: To describe, correlate and identify predictor variables of knowledge, attitudes, practices, stress and fear of COVID-19 in family caregivers of people with chronic disease. Methodology: A predictive crosssectional study was conducted with 104 family caregivers of people with chronic disease in Bogotá-Colombia. The instruments of characterization, fear, stress, knowledge, attitudes and practices before COVID-19 were applied online in the second semester of 2020. Results: A mean of 23.07 (SD = 7.2) was observed in fear, 93.18 (SD = 31.6) in stress, 10.1 (SD = 1.9) in knowledge, 1.34 (SD=0.8) in attitudes and 1.89 (SD=0.3) in practices, which shows that, although knowledge, attitudes and practices have high levels, there is a high level of stress and fear of COVID-19. There is a direct relationship between fear and stress in the face of COVID-19, with worse scores in women and people with a low level of knowledge. Conclusion: Training and sustained support is required for family caregivers, who amidst the fear and stress of COVID-19 continue to support the long-term care of chronic patients in the home environment.

Resumo A pandemia pelo COVID-19 tem tido um impacto sobre dimensionado na Colômbia em termos de incidência e mortalidade. Cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica assumem o cuidado a longo prazo no entorno domiciliário em meio do colapso hospitalário. Objetivo: descrever, correlacionar e identificar variáveis preditoras dos conhecimentos, atitudes, práticas, estresse e temor perante a COVID-19 em cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo transversal preditivo com 104 cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica em Bogotá, Colômbia. No que os instrumentos de caracterização, temor, estresse, conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas perante a COVID-19 foram aplicados online no segundo semestre de 2020. Resultados: Observou-se uma média de 23.07 (DE=7.2) em temor, 93.18 (DE=31.6) em estresse, 10.1 (DE=1.9) em conhecimentos, 1.34 (DE=0.8) em atitudes e 1.89 (DE=0.3), o que amostra que, porém os conhecimentos, atitudes práticas têm níveis altos, observam-se altos níveis de estresse e temor perante o COVID-19. Há uma relação direta entre o temor e estresse perante a COVID-19, com piores pontuações em mulheres e pessoas com baixo nível de conhecimento. Conclusão: Requer-se capacitação e apoio sustentado aos cuidadores familiares, quem, em meio do temor e estresse perante a COVID-19, continuam sustentando o cuidado a longo prazo de doentes crónicos no entorno domiciliário.

Soledad, ansiedad y depresión en la adopción del rol de cuidador familiar del paciente crónico / Loneliness, anxiety, and depression in adopting the family caregiver role of chronic patients / Solidão, ansiedade e depressão na adoção do papel de cuidador familiar do paciente crônico

Introducción: En dirección a la teoría de Meleis, durante la transición como cuidador familiar, subyacen condiciones que facilitan o limitan la adopción del rol, y pueden afectar la integridad de esta persona. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la depresión, ansiedad y soledad con la adopción del rol de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Los Patios ­ Colombia durante el 2021. Materiales: Investigación cuantitativa analítica transversal que incluyó 120 pacientes y 120 cuidadores. Se aplicaron escalas de Soledad de University of California at Los Angeles; hospitalaria de ansiedad y depresión, y de adopción del Rol del cuidador a través de la plataforma Google Forms®; el análisis se realizó con el software SPSS versión 24, usando estadísticos de frecuencia, tendencia central y dispersión, así como bivariados tipo Pearson. Resultados: Se halla correlaciones significativas entre la edad del cuidador con la ansiedad (r=,230; p<0.05) y la depresión (r=,297; p<0.05); las horas que requiere a diario para su cuidado con la ansiedad (r=,255; p<0.05) y depresión del cuidador (r=,328; p<0.05). Conclusión: En un modelo de regresión lineal, se evidencia que la soledad y adopción del rol del cuidador actúan como predictoras de la ansiedad (p<0.05).

Introduction: In line with Meleis' theory, during the transition to a family caregiver, there are underlying conditions that facilitate or limit the adoption of the role and may affect the person's wholeness. Objective: To determine the relationship between depression, anxiety, loneliness, and the adoption of the role of family caregivers of people with chronic disease in Los Patios (Colombia) during 2021. Materials and Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional analytical research that included 120 patients and 120 caregivers. The UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) Loneliness Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the ROL scale were completed by the participants using Google Forms®. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 24; descriptive statistics such as frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, and bivariate correlation coefficients like Pearson's were calculated. Results: Significant correlations were found between caregivers' age, anxiety (r = .230; p < 0.05), and depression (r = .297; p < 0.05); and between the hours required daily for caregiving and anxiety (r = .255; p < 0.05) and caregiver's depression (r = .328; p < 0.05). Conclusions: In a linear regression model, it was evident that loneliness and caregiver role adoption are predictors of anxiety (p < 0.05).

Introdução: Na direção da teoria de Meleis , durante a transição como cuidador familiar, existem condições subjacentes que facilitam ou limitam a adoção do papel, podendo afetar a integridade dessa pessoa. Objetivo : determinar a relação entre depressão, ansiedade e solidão com a adoção do papel de cuidador familiar de pessoas com doença crônica em Los Patios - Colômbia durante 2021. Materiais: Pesquisa quantitativa analítica transversal que incluiu 120 pacientes e 120 cuidadores. Escalas de solidão universitária foram aplicadas da Califórnia em Los Angeles ; ansiedade e depressão hospitalar, e adoção do papel do cuidador por meio da plataforma google Formulários® ; A análise foi realizada com o software SPSS versão 24, utilizando estatísticas de frequência, tendência central e dispersão, bem como bivariadas do tipo Pearson. Resultados: São encontradas correlações significativas entre a idade do cuidador com ansiedade (r=0,230; p<0,05) e depressão (r=0,297; p<0,05); as horas diárias necessárias para o cuidado com ansiedade do cuidador (r=0,255; p<0,05) e depressão (r=0,328; p<0,05). Conclusão: Em um modelo de regressão linear, fica evidente que a solidão e a adoção do papel de cuidador atuam como preditores de ansiedade (p<0,05).

La creación de una red de conocimientos en enfermería en países de habla hispana: conceptualización de posibilidades basadas en recursos identificados / The creation of a nursing knowledge network in spanish-speaking countries: conceptualization of possibilities based on identified resources

Se presenta un trabajo conceptual sobre el análisis de los hallazgos del sondeo sobre la conceptualización de los planes de la Red de Conocimientos en Enfermería en los países de habla hispana como parte de la acción internacional de la Red. La información recopilada ha sido revelada por profesores de Chile, Colombia, España, México, Paraguay y Perú. Las respuestas han permitido reflexionar sobre conceptualizaciones y áreas que requieren más exploración para responder de manera efectiva a las lagunas en la enseñanza y la práctica de la investigación en Enfermería. Se presentan las brechas en la investigación que pueden explicarse por la falta de políticas gubernamentales e institucionales para financiar la investigación en Enfermería en áreas que tradicionalmente no se perciben como prioridades de salud pública. Otros temas analizados fueron los obstáculos a la difusión del conocimiento científico en Enfermería, las posibilidades de reforzar la investigación en Enfermería y los beneficios deseados con la participación a la Red. Entre las fortalezas de este sondeo está su originalidad y su potencial para estimular las actividades de cooperación para la producción de conocimiento, en particular, el fortalecimiento de los estudios de posgrado con la movilidad académica y de profesores en proyectos internacionales de investigación multicéntrica, la tutoría y el coaching para la investigación. Las respuestas indican una novedad en las áreas prospectivas de desarrollo profesional para educadores, investigadores, así como áreas de posible adopción de la innovación en la educación para los estudiantes. (AU)

Conceptual work is presented regarding the analysis of information gathered from an environmental scan underpinning the plans for the creation of the Nursing Knowledge Network in Spanish-speaking countries as part of the international action of the Network. The information is structured according to the compilation of baseline information provided by nursing faculty from Chile, Colombia, Spain, Mexico, Paraguay and Peru. The information helped conceptualize and anticipate areas that require further exploration to effectively respond to gaps in Nursing teaching and research practice. The reported gaps in current research can be explained by lack of government and institutional policies to finance nursing research in areas that are not traditionally perceived as public health priorities. Other topics analyzed included obstacles to dissemination of scientific knowledge in Nursing, the possibilities of reinforcing Nursing research and the desired benefits of participating in the Network. Among the strengths of this environmental scan is its originality and potential to stimulate activities of cooperation for the production of knowledge, in particular the strengthening of graduate studies with faculty and students’ mobility in international multicenter research projects, research tutoring and coaching. Information also indicates new prospective areas of professional development for faculty, researchers, as well as areas of possible adoption of innovation in student education. (AU)

Effectiveness of a case management model for people with multimorbidity: Mixed methods study.

AIMS: The aim was to determine the impact of a case management model on indicators of health service utilization, polypharmacy, quality of life and dependency of patients with multimorbidity, and family caregiver overload in a group of patients insured with two insurance companies in the city of Bogotá (Colombia). DESIGN: This was a mixed methods study, which integrated a quantitative and qualitative component. METHODS: The study was conducted between July 2019 and March 2020. A quantitative component is based on a pre-experimental study with a single group and pre- and post-test measurements. Patients with multimorbidity with a medium or high level of complexity were included in the study. A sample of 317 patients and their caregivers was estimated. Following the completion of the intervention, a descriptive study that explored the perspective of nurses, patients and caregivers was developed to better understand the process and results from their own words and experience. A total of 17 dyads of patients and caregivers were interviewed, as well as six nurse managers. The integration strategy was developed based on a comparison made from the perspective of multiple stakeholders. RESULTS: The model's impact on quality of life, particularly in terms of social functioning and mental health, has been documented. Caregiver overload was reduced and an improvement in the adoption of the role was observed, aspects that converge with the experience of the dyads and the caregivers in the support and backing provided by the model. CONCLUSION: The intervention was structured in five modules: case detection, complexity screening, comprehensive assessment with various instruments, individualized care and follow-up plan, and plan assessment. The nurse manager role is confirmed as that of a professional with the leadership capacity to articulate disciplines and actors, whilst also dealing with the day-to-day needs of people with complex health conditions. IMPACT: A comprehensive and integrated approach to patients with multiple diseases in a health insurance context marked by access barriers and fragmentation of health services. The study provides quantitative and qualitative evidence of the benefits of the case management model in Colombia for patients with multiple diseases and their family caregivers, particularly in terms of the psychosocial dimensions of health-related quality of life and dependence assessment. A significant impact on the caregiver role, as well as an improvement in perception and trust in the health system, was observed as a result of the overcoming of administrative barriers achieved by the nurse case manager. The findings are considered to be extremely useful for decision-makers and insurers in developing a case management model focused on comprehensive and individualized care plans, as well as for individuals with multiple diseases and their caregivers.

Tendencias investigativas de enfermería en personas con cáncer / Nursing Research Trends about People with Cancer

Introducción: El cáncer es una enfermedad prevalente en Latinoamérica. Los profesionales de enfermería deben reconocer las prioridades y desarrollos relacionados con la investigación en torno al cuidado de la persona con cáncer. Objetivo: Describir las tendencias investigativas de enfermería en personas con cáncer de estudios publicados en las 10 mejores revistas de investigación en Enfermería en Latinoamérica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura tipo exploratoria. Se buscó información en las 10 mejores revistas clasificadas en Scimago Journal & Country rank para 2020, organizadas en los cuartiles Q1 a Q4, durante el período 2016-2020 usando los términos cancer patients, oncology patient, patients with cancer, cancer. Se seleccionaron 67 investigaciones después de hacerse el proceso de crítica de la evidencia. De la revisión emergieron los siguientes temas: significado de la experiencia del proceso de enfermedad y tratamiento, calidad de vida de la persona con cáncer en Latinoamérica, impacto del cáncer sobre la dimensión física y psicosocial, afrontamiento ante la enfermedad y percepción de la atención del cuidado de enfermería. Conclusiones: Los estudios analizados evidenciaron dos principales tendencias en investigación de enfermería en Latinoamérica relacionadas con el tipo de cáncer y el fenómeno de investigación(AU)

Introduction: Cancer is a prevalent disease in Latin America. Nursing professionals must recognize the priorities and developments related to research about the care of the person with cancer. Objective: To describe the research trends in nursing about people with cancer, based on studies published in the top ten nursing journals from Latin America. Methods: A scoping review of the literature was carried out. Information was sought in the top ten journals according to the Scimago Journal & Country rank for 2020, organized in the quartiles Q1 to Q4, during the period 2016-2020. The terms cancer patients, oncology patient, patients with cancer, cancer were used. Sixty-seven research papers were selected after the evidence critique process was done. The following topics emerged from the review: meaning of the experience of the disease and treatment process, quality of life of the person with cancer in Latin America, impact of cancer on the physical and psychosocial dimension, coping with the disease, and nursing care perception. Conclusions: The analyzed studies showed two main trends in nursing research in Latin America related to type of cancer and the research phenomenon(AU)