[Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma during and after treatment with zoledronic acid]. / Osteonecrosis del maxilar en pacientes con mieloma múltiple durante y después del tratamiento con ácido zoledrónico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence, the clinical features, and the factors associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with zoledronic acid. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four patients diagnosed with MM and treated with zoledronic acid between August 1996 and March 2006 were included. Demographic data, predisposing factors, the type of antineoplastic therapy received and the infusions of biophosphonate were recorded. The main characteristics of the seven patients with ONJ, including clinical and physical examinations data, diagnostic methods and treatment established were reported. RESULTS: The overall incidence of ONJ was 7 out of 64 patients (10.93%). A recent oral surgical procedure has been associated with the ONJ (p < 0.0001). The mean of infusions of zoledronic acid before onset of osteonecrosis (standard deviation) was 30 (7.04) in contrast to 19.5 (11.8) cycles (p = 0.03) in the patients who did not present this complication. The cumulative risk increased from 6.7% after 20 treatments with zoledronic acid up to 31.7% at 36 infusions. Three patients exhibited ONJ after discounting zoledronic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The ONJ in patients with MM who underwent dental or oral surgery appears to be associated with long term exposure to zoledronic acid. The long-lasting bone effect of biophosphonate could explain the appearance of osteonecrotic lesions after discontinuing treatment with biphosphonate.

Osteonecrosis del maxilar en pacientes con mieloma múltiple durante y después del tratamiento con ácido zoledrónico / Osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma during and after treatment with zoledronic acid

Fundamento y objetivo: Analizar la incidencia, las características clínicas y los factores precipitantes de la osteonecrosis del maxilar (ONM) en pacientes con mieloma múltiple (MM) tratados con ácido zoledrónico. Pacientes y método: Se incluyó en el estudio a 64 pacientes diagnosticados de MM y tratados con ácido zoledrónico entre agosto de 1996 y marzo de 2006. Se recogieron sus datos demográficos, factores de riesgo, tratamiento oncológico y las infusiones de bifosfonatos. En los 7 casos de ONM se describen los datos clínicos, exploratorios, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos empleados. Resultados: La incidencia de ONM fue del 10,93%. El antecedente de cirugía dental se asoció con la ONM (p < 0,0001). La media (desviación estándar) de infusiones de ácido zoledrónico fue de 30 (7,04) en los 7 pacientes con ONM, frente a 19,5 (11,8) en los 57 restantes (p = 0,03). El riesgo de ONM aumentó del 6,7% tras 20 tratamientos con ácido zoledrónico al 31,7% después de 36 infusiones. Tres pacientes presentaron ONM meses después de retirar el fármaco. Conclusiones: El tratamiento a largo plazo con ácido zoledrónico en pacientes con MM sometidos a cirugía oral parece asociarse al desarrollo de ONM. El efecto óseo duradero del bifosfonato podría explicar la aparición de la ONM meses después de retirar el bifosfonato

Background and objective: To analyze the incidence, the clinical features, and the factors associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with zoledronic acid. Patients and method: Sixty-four patients diagnosed with MM and treated with zoledronic acid between August 1996 and March 2006 were included. Demographic data, predisposing factors, the type of antineoplastic therapy received and the infusions of biphosphonate were recorded. The main characteristics of the seven patients with ONJ, including clinical and physical examinations data, diagnostic methods and treatment established were reported. Results: The overall incidence of ONJ was 7 out of 64 patients (10.93%). A recent oral surgical procedure has been associated with the ONJ (p < 0.0001). The mean of infusions of zoledronic acid before onset of osteonecrosis (standard deviation) was 30 (7.04) in contrast to 19.5 (11.8) cycles (p = 0.03) in the patients who did not present this complication. The cumulative risk increased from 6.7% after 20 treatments with zoledronic acid up to 31.7% at 36 infusions. Three patients exhibited ONJ after discontinuing zoledronic acid. Conclusions: The ONJ in patients with MM who underwent dental or oral surgery appears to be associated with long term exposure to zoledronic acid. The long-lasting bone effect of biphosphonate could explain the appearance of osteonecrotic lesions after discontinuing treatment with biphosphonate