RESUMO
Physicians have a major role to play in the prevention of AIDS transmission. Promotion of health behaviors needs to be expanded beyond the traditional AIDS high risk populations; however, little information is available on the AIDS education practices of physicians. A survey of Massachusetts physicians in four specialty groups, Family Medicine Practitioners, Internists, Obstetricians/Gynecologists and Pediatricians, was conducted to determine the extent of their AIDS education practices. Three hundred and ninety one physicians returned the questionnaire for an overall response rate of 66%. Sixty three percent (63%) of the physicians surveyed educate patients they believe to be at least at moderate risk for AIDS transmission or exposure. However, neither physicians screening for patients' AIDS risk status nor the content of the AIDS education was uniform. Also, very few physicians have received specific training in AIDS education. A number of practice, patient, and physician characteristics were found to be related to educational practices. This study suggests that a more comprehensive screening of patients' participation in AIDS risk behaviors be conducted as part of medical history taking, and that more comprehensive education be provided to those patients determined to be at least at moderate risk for AIDS transmission or exposure.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/normas , Padrões de Prática Médica , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Papel do Médico , Médicos/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Unmarried men aged 25--35 were recruited through newspaper and radio advertisements for a family study of sexual orientation. Fifty predominantly homosexual and 50 predominantly heterosexual men comprised the index subjects. The test, questionnaire, and interview battery is described. Subjects were asked about the sexual orientations of their relatives. The homosexual index men report a significant excess of homosexual brothers and more distant male relatives but not of homosexual sisters or female relatives. Moreover, the percentage of homosexual brothers increases with the Kinsey rating of the index subjects. Overall, about 25% of brothers of homosexual men are reported also to be homosexual.
Assuntos
Família , Comportamento Sexual , Adulto , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Masculino , Determinação da Personalidade , Técnicas Projetivas , Relações entre Irmãos , Pessoa Solteira/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Escalas de WechslerRESUMO
This report summarizes evidence that sexual orientation is familial. Family studies report that homosexual subjects have more homosexual siblings than do heterosexual subjects and more than would be expected given population frequencies. Twin studies find in general a higher concordance in sexual orientation among monozygotic than among dizygotic twins. Evidence for associated psychopathology in homosexual subjects or their relatives is inconclusive. Possible sources of bias in these reports are discussed and a suggestion is offered that family studies should be undertaken in which the sexual orientation of relatives would be directly ascertained by interview.
