Na+/K+-ATPase: More than an Electrogenic Pump.

The sodium pump, or Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), is an essential enzyme found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. Its primary role is to transport sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions across the cell membrane, using energy from ATP hydrolysis. This transport creates and maintains an electrochemical gradient, which is crucial for various cellular processes, including cell volume regulation, electrical excitability, and secondary active transport. Although the role of NKA as a pump was discovered and demonstrated several decades ago, it remains the subject of intense research. Current studies aim to delve deeper into several aspects of this molecular entity, such as describing its structure and mode of operation in atomic detail, understanding its molecular and functional diversity, and examining the consequences of its malfunction due to structural alterations. Additionally, researchers are investigating the effects of various substances that amplify or decrease its pumping activity. Beyond its role as a pump, growing evidence indicates that in various cell types, NKA also functions as a receptor for cardiac glycosides like ouabain. This receptor activity triggers the activation of various signaling pathways, producing significant morphological and physiological effects. In this report, we present the results of a comprehensive review of the most outstanding studies of the past five years. We highlight the progress made regarding this new concept of NKA and the various cardiac glycosides that influence it. Furthermore, we emphasize NKA's role in epithelial physiology, particularly its function as a receptor for cardiac glycosides that trigger intracellular signals regulating cell-cell contacts, proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion. We also analyze the role of NKA ß-subunits as cell adhesion molecules in glia and epithelial cells.

A magnetar giant flare in the nearby starburst galaxy M82.

Magnetar giant flares are rare explosive events releasing up to 1047 erg in gamma rays in less than 1 second from young neutron stars with magnetic fields up to 1015-16 G (refs. 1,2). Only three such flares have been seen from magnetars in our Galaxy3,4 and in the Large Magellanic Cloud5 in roughly 50 years. This small sample can be enlarged by the discovery of extragalactic events, as for a fraction of a second giant flares reach luminosities above 1046 erg s-1, which makes them visible up to a few tens of megaparsecs. However, at these distances they are difficult to distinguish from short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs); much more distant and energetic (1050-53 erg) events, originating in compact binary mergers6. A few short GRBs have been proposed7-11, with different amounts of confidence, as candidate giant magnetar flares in nearby galaxies. Here we report observations of GRB 231115A, positionally coincident with the starburst galaxy M82 (ref. 12). Its spectral properties, along with the length of the burst, the limits on its X-ray and optical counterparts obtained within a few hours, and the lack of a gravitational wave signal, unambiguously qualify this burst as a giant flare from a magnetar in M82.

Heavy-element production in a compact object merger observed by JWST.

The mergers of binary compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes are of central interest to several areas of astrophysics, including as the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)1, sources of high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs)2 and likely production sites for heavy-element nucleosynthesis by means of rapid neutron capture (the r-process)3. Here we present observations of the exceptionally bright GRB 230307A. We show that GRB 230307A belongs to the class of long-duration GRBs associated with compact object mergers4-6 and contains a kilonova similar to AT2017gfo, associated with the GW merger GW170817 (refs. 7-12). We obtained James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy 29 and 61 days after the burst. The spectroscopy shows an emission line at 2.15 microns, which we interpret as tellurium (atomic mass A = 130) and a very red source, emitting most of its light in the mid-infrared owing to the production of lanthanides. These observations demonstrate that nucleosynthesis in GRBs can create r-process elements across a broad atomic mass range and play a central role in heavy-element nucleosynthesis across the Universe.

Bioclimatic and Landscape Factors drive the Potential Distribution of Philaenus spumarius, Neophilaenus campestris and N. lineatus (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) in Southeastern Iberian Peninsula.

Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris are the main vectors of the invasive bacteria Xylella fastidiosa and key threats to European plant health. Previous studies of the potential distribution of P. spumarius reveal that climatic factors are the main drivers of its distribution on the Mediterranean Basin scale. Other local studies reveal that the landscape could also have a role in the distribution of both species of P. spumarius and N. campestris. Our work is aimed at understanding the role and importance of bioclimatic and landscape environmental factors in the distributions of the vector and potential vector species P. spumarius, N. campestris, N. lineatus and L. coleoptrata on a regional scale across the Autonomous Community of Murcia (SE Spain), a region with relevant environmental gradients of thermality and crop intensity. We used sweeping nets for sampling 100 points during eight months in 2020. Using bioclimatic landscape composition and topographical variables, we carried out habitat suitability models for each species using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt). Distribution results for P. spumarius, N. campestris and N. lineatus indicate a gradient in habitat suitability, with the optimum in the coldest and wettest areas in landscapes with a high proportion of forest. All three species are absent from the southern third of the study region, the hottest, driest and most intensively cultivated area. These results are useful and should be considered in contingency plans against possible invasions of X. fastidiosa in Mediterranean regions.

A compact instrument for gamma-ray burst detection on a CubeSat platform II: Detailed design, assembly and validation.

The Gamma-ray Module, GMOD, is a miniaturised novel gamma-ray detector which will be the primary scientific payload on the Educational Irish Research Satellite (EIRSAT-1) 2U CubeSat mission. GMOD comprises a compact (25 mm × 25 mm × 40 mm) cerium bromide scintillator coupled to a tiled array of 4 × 4 silicon photomultipliers, with front-end readout provided by the IDE3380 SIPHRA. This paper presents the detailed GMOD design and the accommodation of the instrument within the restrictive CubeSat form factor. The electronic and mechanical interfaces are compatible with many off-the-shelf CubeSat systems and structures. The energy response of the GMOD engineering qualification model has been determined using radioactive sources, and an energy resolution of 5.4% at 662 keV has been measured. EIRSAT-1 will perform on-board processing of GMOD data. Trigger results, including light-curves and spectra, will be incorporated into the spacecraft beacon and transmitted continuously. Inexpensive hardware can be used to decode the beacon signal, making the data accessible to a wide community. GMOD will have scientific capability for the detection of gamma-ray bursts, in addition to the educational and technology demonstration goals of the EIRSAT-1 mission. The detailed design and measurements to date demonstrate the capability of GMOD in low Earth orbit, the scalability of the design for larger CubeSats and as an element of future large gamma-ray missions.

La farmacéutica Milagro Almenara Pérez, del olvido a su reconocimiento / The pharmacist Milagro Almenara Pérez, from oblivion to her recognition

Introducción: Milagro Almenara Pérez se licenció en la Facultad de Farmacia de la Universidad de Granada en 1921. Sin embargo, tras la Guerra Civil, parece que ella nunca existió, y no solo su persona, sino también su expediente universitario e incluso la farmacia de Granada en la que trabajó. En este artículo se muestra una breve biografía suya, con el doble objetivo de ponerla como referente ante la sociedad y también de ilustrar las muchas similitudes existentes entre su vida y la del conocido poeta granadino Federico García Lorca. Método: Búsqueda de información sobre Milagro Almenara Pérez en fuentes archivísticas, bibliográficas, digitales e incluso periodísticas, que ha permitido completar con datos nuevos y recientes algunos aspectos biográficos que no se encuentran en los no muy abundantes trabajos de investigación ya publicados sobre ella. Resultados: Como resultado del estudio realizado se han añadido datos originales recientes a la biografía de Milagro Almenara Pérez y se justifica la hipótesis de la existencia de una determinada similitud entre su vida y la del poeta andaluz Federico García Lorca. Conclusiones: Durante la Guerra Civil Española se destruyeron, por parte de ambos bandos, muchos documentos, tanto personales como institucionales, que atañían a aquellas personas a las que cada bando consideraba desafectas. Entre ellas, la farmacéutica Milagro Almenara, cuya vida presenta muchas coincidencias con la del poeta Federico García Lorca. (AU)

Introduction: Milagro Almenara Pérez graduated from the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Granada in 1921. However, after the Civil War, it seems that she never existed, and not only her person, but also her university record and even the Granada pharmacy where she worked. This article shows a biography of her, with the double objective of showing her as a reference to society and also to illustrate the strong parallelism between her life and that of the well-known Granada poet, Federico García Lorca. Method: A search for information on Milagro Almenara Pérez has been carried out in archival, bibliographic, digital and even journalistic sources that has made possible to complete with new and recent data some biographical aspects that are not found in the few research works already published on her. Results: As a result of the study, original data have been added to the biography of Milagro Almenara Pérez and the hypothesis of the existence of a certain similarity between her life and that of the famous Andalusian poet Federico García Lorca is justified. Conclusions: In the Spanish Civil War many documents, both personal and institutional, were destroyed by both sides, which concerned those people whom each side considered disaffected. Among them, the pharmacist Milagro Almenara, whose life had many coincidences with that of the poet Federico García Lorca. (AU)

A compact instrument for gamma-ray burst detection on a CubeSat platform I: Design drivers and expected performance.

The Educational Irish Research Satellite 1 (EIRSAT-1) is a 2U CubeSat being developed under ESA's Fly Your Satellite! programme. The project has many aspects, which are primarily educational, but also include space qualification of new detector technologies for gamma-ray astronomy and the detection of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The Gamma-ray Module (GMOD), the main mission payload, is a small gamma-ray spectrometer comprising a 25 mm × 25 mm × 40 mm cerium bromide scintillator coupled to an array of 16 silicon photomultipliers. The readout is provided by IDE3380 (SIPHRA), a low-power and radiation tolerant readout ASIC. GMOD will detect gamma-rays and measure their energies in a range from tens of keV to a few MeV. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Medium Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy Library to evaluate GMOD's capability for the detection of GRBs in low Earth orbit. The simulations used a detailed mass model of the full spacecraft derived from a very high-fidelity 3D CAD model. The sky-average effective area of GMOD on board EIRSAT-1 was found to be 10 cm2 at 120 keV. The instrument is expected to detect between 11 and 14 GRBs, at a significance greater than 10σ (and up to 32 at 5σ), during a nominal one-year mission. The shape of the scintillator in GMOD results in omni-directional sensitivity which allows for a nearly all-sky field of view.

Expression of miR-34a and miR-15b during the progression of cervical cancer in a murine model expressing the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein.

The high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) E7 oncoprotein appears to be a major determinant for cell immortalization and transformation altering critical processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune response. This oncoprotein plays an essential role in cervical carcinogenesis, but other cofactors such as long-term use of hormonal contraceptives are necessary to modulate the risk of cervical cancer (CC). The role of HR-HPVs in the alteration of microRNA (miRNA) levels in persistent viral infections currently remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the miR-34a and miR-15b expression levels in the murine HPV16K14E7 (K14E7) transgenic model after chronic estrogen (E2) treatment and their involvement in CC. Interestingly, results showed that, although miR-34a expression is elevated by the HPVE7 oncogene, this expression was downregulated in the presence of both the E7 oncoprotein and chronic E2 in cervical carcinoma. On the other hand, miR-15b expression was upregulated along cervical carcinogenesis mainly by the effect of E2. These different changes in the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-15b along cervical carcinogenesis conduced to low apoptosis levels, high cell proliferation and finally, to cancerous cervical tissue development. In this work, we also determined the relative mRNA expression of Cyclin E2 (Ccne2), Cyclin A2 (Ccna2), and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) (target genes of miR-34a and miR-15b); Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), Cmyc, and Bax (miR-34a target genes); and p21/WAF1 (mir15b target gene) and the H-ras oncogene. Given the modifications in the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-15b during the development of cervical cancer, it will be useful to carry out further investigation to confirm them as molecular biomarkers of cancer.

Prevalence of Cyclomodulin-Positive E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Strains in Mexican Patients with Colon Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance.

Colon diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), are multifactor diseases that affect more than one million people per year; recently, the microbiota has been associated with an etiologic factor, specifically bacterial cyclomodulin positivity (CM+). Unfortunately, there are no studies from Mexico that detail the presence of bacterial CM+ in patients with colon diseases. We therefore performed a comprehensive study to investigate the associations and prevalence of cyclomodulin-positive Diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC), non-DEC, and Klebsiella spp. strains isolated from Mexican subjects with colon diseases. In this work, we analyzed 43 biopsies, 87 different bacteria were isolated, and E. coli was the most frequently noted, followed by Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. E. coli, non-DEC, and EPEC belonging to phylogroup B2 were the most prevalent. More than 80% of E. coli and Klebsiella were CM+. pks, cdt, cnf, and cif were identified. cdt was associated with non-DEC, cif and its combinations with EPEC, as well as cdt and psk with Klebsiella. Lastly, all the CM+ bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic (34% were MDR, and 48% XDR). In conclusion, the high prevalence of bacterial CM+ in colon disease patients suggests that these bacteria play an important role in the genesis of these diseases.

Staging of depressive disorders: Relevance of resistance to treatment and residual symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Clinical staging model for depression helps to better define the clinical situation of patients. The objectives of this study are: to correlate the Hetrick's staging model of depression with the severity of depression, associated disability, and resistance to treatment in the established disease stages and to test the modification introduced by our group consisting in the introduction of a substage for recurrence from a previous episode that was stabilized with a complete remission. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study with 133 adult subjects having a current and primary diagnosis of Depressive disorder was developed. Patients were classified according to the model and assessed with: 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Clinical Global Impression (CGI); Global Assessment of Function (GAF); Maudsley Staging Method for treatment resistance (MSM) and Sheeham Disability Schedule (SDS). RESULTS: The variable that best contributes to the differentiation between clinical stages, in established Depression, is resistance to treatment evaluated by the MSM. Correlations between MSM and the clinical stages were statistically significant between most pairs of stages. Finally, we showed preliminary data in order to prove that a differential sub-stage for recurrent depression with and without inter-episodic remission in the current heuristic models could be a possible stage for better define depression staging model. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance to treatment should be included in the definition of clinical stages in established depression. Despite the difficulty of establishing a valid model for the staging of depression, it can certainly add great value to diagnosis, therapeutic interventions and clinical research.

HIVconsv Vaccines and Romidepsin in Early-Treated HIV-1-Infected Individuals: Safety, Immunogenicity and Effect on the Viral Reservoir (Study BCN02).

Kick&kill strategies combining drugs aiming to reactivate the viral reservoir with therapeutic vaccines to induce effective cytotoxic immune responses hold potential to achieve a functional cure for HIV-1 infection. Here, we report on an open-label, single-arm, phase I clinical trial, enrolling 15 early-treated HIV-1-infected individuals, testing the combination of the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin as a latency-reversing agent and the MVA.HIVconsv vaccine. Romidepsin treatment resulted in increased histone acetylation, cell-associated HIV-1 RNA, and T-cell activation, which were associated with a marginally significant reduction of the viral reservoir. Vaccinations boosted robust and broad HIVconsv-specific T cells, which were strongly refocused toward conserved regions of the HIV-1 proteome. During a monitored ART interruption phase using plasma viral load over 2,000 copies/ml as a criterium for ART resumption, 23% of individuals showed sustained suppression of viremia up to 32 weeks without evidence for reseeding the viral reservoir. Results from this pilot study show that the combined kick&kill intervention was safe and suggest a role for this strategy in achieving an immune-driven durable viremic control.

Bravo Murillo y el Reglamento de estudios de 1852 / Bravo Murillo and the study regulations of 1852

OBJETIVOS: Analizar el extenso Reglamento de estudios de 1852, donde se legisla todo lo relativo a la enseñanza secundaria y universitaria de España, decantándonos por lo legislado para la enseñanza en la Facultades de Farmacia y Medicina. MÉTODO: El desarrollo de este trabajo es fruto de otro mucho más amplio. En general, se han consultado los Archivos Históricos de Madrid y Sevilla, 39 libros, 60 citas de internet, 3 números de Colección legislativa de España, y numerosísimas Gaceta de Madrid de los años comprendidos entre 1845 y 1931; y revisado 5 Boletín Oficial de Estado. RESULTADOS: En el siglo XIX, antes de decretarse el Reglamento de Estudios de 1852, siendo Bravo Murillo Presidente del Gobierno, se aprobaron una serie de Reformas, Proyectos, Planes, Reglamentos, etc., hasta un total de 17. El Reglamento de Estudios de 1852 consta de 10 secciones, 36 títulos, siete capítulos y 420 artículos, donde se legislan sobre el gobierno general de la instrucción pública, los distritos universitarios, el régimen interior y económico, el curso literario y métodos de enseñanza, el profesorado público, los alumnos, con sus derechos y obligaciones y los establecimientos privados, para finalizar hablando del traje académico y las insignias. CONCLUSIONES: El Reglamento de estudios de 1852 significó un paso adelante en la organización de la enseñanza de aquella época y, muy particularmente, de la enseñanza universitaria. En más de 400 artículos se legisla prácticamente todo, desde el Rector, que recobra su poder, hasta los bedeles, pasando por catedráticos, profesorado, alumnos, etc

OBJECTIVES: Analyze the extensive Regulation of studies of 1852, where everything related to secondary and university education in Spain is legislated, choosing the legislated for teaching in the Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine. METHOD: In general, we have consulted the Historical Archives of Madrid and Seville; 39 books; 60 internet appointments; 3 issues of the "Colección legislativa de España"; and numerous "Gaceta de Madrid" of the years between 1845 and 1931; and revised 5 "Boletín Oficial de Estado". RESULTS: In the 19 th century, before the Regulation of Studies of 1852 was enacted, with Bravo Murillo as President of the Government, a series of Reforms, Projects, Plans, Regulations, etc. were approved, up to a total of 17. The Study Regulations of 1852 consist of 10 sections, 36 titles, seven chapters and 420 articles. The Regulation legislates on the general government of public instruction, the university districts, the internal and economic regime, the literary course and teaching methods, the public teaching staff, the students, with their rights and obligations and the private establishments, the academic dress and the badges. CONCLUSIONS: The Study Regulations of 1852 represented a step forward in the organization of education at that time and, very particularly, in university education. In more than 400 articles almost everything is legislated: the Rector to the bedeles, also professors, lecturers, students, etc

La primera mujer farmacéutica andaluza / The first Andalusian pharmaceutical woman

Objetivos: Con el objetivo de ponerla en valor ante la sociedad, presentamos la biografía de Gertrudis Martínez Otero. Gertrudis era natural de Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) y tiene el honor de ser, aparte de una de las primeras alumnas de la Licenciatura de Farmacia en la Universidad de Granada, la primera mujer licenciada en Farmacia por dicha universidad, lo que la permitió convertirse en la primera boticaria andaluza y la tercera de España, además de ser la primera mujer de la provincia gaditana en ir a la universidad. Material y métodos: La metodología ha girado en torno a fuentes orales a través de conversaciones particulares, tanto con vecinos actuales del pueblo de Sanlúcar de Barrameda que mantienen una cierta relación de vecindad con familiares y descendientes de ella como con una de sus biógrafas, que nos ha facilitado nuevos datos de Gertrudis procedente de sus últimas investigaciones. Hemos completado con nuestra propia investigación algunos aspectos biográficos que no se encuentran ni en las referencias archivísticas ya conocidas del expediente personal de Gertrudis Martínez Otero en la Universidad de Granada ni en otras biografías suyas ya publicadas. Resultados: Como resultado del estudio se completan con datos originales las escasas biografías existentes de Gertrudis Martínez Otero, que permiten realzar su figura y destacar la importancia que tiene por haber sido la primera mujer que ejerció como farmacéutica en la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía

Objectives: With the aim of doing her figure most well-known for the society, the biography of Gertrudis Martínez Otero is presented. She was a native of Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz), who has the honor of being, apart from one of the first female students at the University of Granada, the first woman licensed in Pharmacy by that university, which allowed her to become the first Andalusian apothecary and the third in Spain, besides being the first woman in the province of Cadiz to go to the university. Material and methods: The methodology followed has consisted in complementing with our own research some biographical aspects that are not found in the already known archival references of the personal expedient of Gertrudis Martínez Otero in the University of Granada or in other biographies of hers already published. The sources managed have been mainly private conversations with both current neighbors of the town of Sanlúcar de Barrameda that maintain a certain neighborhood relationship with relatives and descendants of her and with one of her biographers, who has provided us with new data from Gertrudis from further research. Results: As a result of the study, the existing biographies of Gertrudis Martínez Otero are completed with original data, which allows to establish a before and an after of the History and Pharmacy in Andalusia, due to that Gertrudis was the first woman who worked as a pharmacist in that autonomous community, after the end of her studies at the University of Granada

Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms to Find Most Relevant Volumes of the Brain Related to Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) represents a relevant instrument to automatically classify between patients with and without Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using several actual imaging techniques. This study analyzes the optimization of volumes of interest (VOIs) to extract three-dimensional (3D) textures from Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) in order to diagnose AD, Mild Cognitive Impairment converter (MCIc), Mild Cognitive Impairment nonconverter (MCInc) and Normal subjects. A relevant feature of the proposed approach is the use of 3D features instead of traditional two-dimensional (2D) features, by using 3D discrete wavelet transform (3D-DWT) approach for performing feature extraction from T-1 weighted MRI. Due to the high number of coefficients when applying 3D-DWT to each of the VOIs, a feature selection algorithm based on mutual information is used, as is the minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (mRMR) algorithm. Region optimization has been performed in order to discover the most relevant regions (VOIs) in the brain with the use of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms, being one of the objectives to be optimize the accuracy of the system. The error index of the system is computed by the confusion matrix obtained by the multi-class support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used with the purpose of reducing the number of features to the classifier. The cohort of subjects used in the study consisted of 296 different patients. A first group of 206 patients was used to optimize VOI selection and another group of 90 independent subjects (that did not belong to the first group) was used to test the solutions yielded by the genetic algorithm. The proposed methodology obtains excellent results in multi-class classification achieving accuracies of 94.4% and also extracting significant information on the location of the most relevant points of the brain. This suggests that the proposed method could aid in the research of other neurodegenerative diseases, improving the accuracy of the diagnosis and finding the most relevant regions of the brain associated with them.

Single oral dose of maraviroc does not prevent ex-vivo HIV infection of rectal mucosa in HIV-1 negative human volunteers.

OBJECTIVE: Maraviroc (MVC) is a potential candidate for 'on demand' preexposure prophylaxis. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a single oral dose of MVC to prevent ex-vivo HIV-1 infection of rectal tissue in humans. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight HIV-1-negative healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of MVC (300 or 600 mg), and two additional volunteers received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC, 300/200 mg) for 10 days. Rectal biopsies were performed prior to the ex-vivo challenge (day 0), at day 7 (4 h after MVC) or after 10 days with TDF/FTC. Rectal biopsies were infected ex-vivo, and viral inhibition and CCR5 occupancy was analyzed. MVC concentration in plasma and rectal tissue was measured just after biopsy and after viral incubation. RESULTS: Ex-vivo rectal tissue protection with MVC was incomplete in all but two participants, whereas TDF/FTC avoided ex-vivo infection in the two controls. Median dose-normalized concentration of MVC was significantly higher in rectal tissue than in plasma (561.1 and 155.1 ng/ml, respectively). A significant loss of MVC during the virus incubation (about 60%) and a low CCR5 occupancy (approximately 45%) were detected in rectal cells. CONCLUSIONS: An ex-vivo challenge with a single oral dose of MVC does not prevent ex-vivo infection of human rectal mucosa. The lack of prophylactic efficacy observed suggests that 'on demand' MVC preexposure prophylaxis would not prevent rectal HIV-1 transmission.

Perception of effort in minibasketball during small side games / Percepcion de esfuerzo en baloncesto de formación durante juegos reducidos

It was analyzed in what measurement the characteristics of the task in small side games influence the perception of effort (RPE) and his relation between the time of game and the RPE the type of tasks. Ten minibasketball players performed 50 tasks (10 training sessions, 450 records RPE, 5 with duration of 8, 10 or 12 minutes). Based on the description 7 variables were codified: Aim: (Assault / Defense / Compound), Duration: (8 minutes / more than 8 minutes), Space: (Track completes / 1/2 Track / 1/4 of Track), numerical Equality: (Without rival / numerical Inequality / numerical Equality), Transition: (If / Not), Player of support: (If / Not), Relation between players: (attackers[n] x defenders[n]). No parametric analysis and an analysis of the variable RPE in function of the characteristics of the task with logistic multinomial regression from the RPE were used. RPE's average in all the variables were 6.87 ± 1.76. Four variables contribute the model: Time of the task (X2 = 183.49; df= 8; p < .001), Relation among players (X2 = 63.71; df= 10; p < .001), Transition (X2 = 15.37; df= 2; p < .01) and the Aim (X2 = 9.68; df= 4; p < .05). The % of classification of the model for the group RPE (8-9), 90.1 % and for the group RPE (0-6), 71.6 %. The total percentage of classification predicted was 66.4. The tasks of 8 minutes in the group of RPE (0-6) have more possibilities of having RPE lower than those of any more 10 or 12 minutes. The tasks of attack have more possibilities of having a lower RPE. The characteristics of tasks influence the RPE. More than 8 minutes favor a very high RPE when the presence of attackers and defenders in 1x1 and 2x2 exist

Con el objetivo de analizar en qué medida las características de las tareas en los juegos reducidos influyen en la percepción de esfuerzo (RPE), y su relación entre el tiempo de juego y la RPE de los diferentes tipos de tareas, diez jugadores de minibasket desarrollaron 50 tareas (10 sesiones de entrenamiento, 450 registros de RPE, 5 registros de 8, 10 o 12 minutos). Basado en la descripción de 7 variables codificadas: objetivo (ataque / defensa /transición), duración: (8 minutos / más de 8 minutos), espacio: (campo completo / medio campo, 1/4 de campo), igualdad numérica: (sin rival / igualdad numérica/ superioridad numérica), transición: (si / no), ayuda del jugador: (si /no), relación entre jugadores: (atacantes[n] x defensores[n]). El análisis no paramétrico y el análisis de la variable RPE en función de las características de la tarea, se aplicó con una regresión logística multinomial. La media de RPE en todas las variables fue de 6.87 ± 1.76. Cuatro de ellas, contribuyeron al modelo: El tiempo de la tarea (X2 = 183.49; df = 8; p < .001), relación entre jugadores (X2 = 63.71; df = 10; p < .001), transición (X2 = 15.37; df = 2; p < .01) y el objetivo (X2 = 9.68; df= 4; p < .05). El % de clasificación del modelo para el grupo RPE (8-9) fue del 90.1 % y para el grupo RPE (0-6), 71.6 %. El porcentaje total de clasificación fue un predictor del 66.4. Las tareas de 8 minutos tuvieron más posibilidades de presentar una RPE más baja que las de más de 10 o 12 minutos. Las tareas de ataque tuvieron más posibilidades de presentar una RPE más baja. Las características de las tares influyeron en la RPE. Más de 8 minutos favorecen una RPE más alta con presencia de atacantes y defensores en situaciones de 1x1 y 2x2

El Museo de Historia de la Farmacia como instrumento de investigación y educación superior: contribuciones respecto al Laboratorio Municipal de Sevilla / No disponible

Los Museos son almacenes de conocimientos, centros tanto de aprendizaje como de investigación. El Museo de Historia de la Farmacia de Sevilla tiene como principal objetivo ser herramienta de difusión y divulgación científica, teniendo presente la doble finalidad inherente a cualquier institución museística de investigación y docencia. En él se realizan labores de investigación(inventariado, catalogación, historias sociales de las Instituciones donadoras, etc.) así como visitas guiadas y la impartición de seminarios haciendo partícipe al público visitante de cuál era la labor cotidiana de un boticario, y por ende su botica, en la época de finales del siglo XIX - principios deXX. Basándonos en las piezas aportadas por el Laboratorio Municipal de Sevilla y profundizando en el estudio de su historia, desde el Museo de Historia de la Farmacia hemos rescatado este edificio centenario, encantador exterior e interiormente, que contiene aún construcciones y utillaje de 1913.Semblanzas de una Sevilla distante en el tiempo y que permanece en la Historia

Museums are stores of knowledge, both centers of learning and research. The Museum of the History of Pharmacy of Seville’s main objective is to be a tool of dissemination and science, bearing in mind the dual purpose inherent to any museum institution ofresearch and teaching. In his research work performed (inventorying, cataloging, socialhistories of donor institutions, etc.) as well as guided tours and conducting seminars by involving the visiting public of what the daily work of an apothecary, and therefore its pharmacy at the time of the late XIX - early XX. Based on the parts supplied by the Municipal Laboratory of Seville and deepen the study of its history, from the Museum of the History of Pharmacy, we got this old building charming exterior and inside, still containing constructs and tools Portraits of 1913 Seville one distant in time and remains in history

Pasos para desarrollar un proceso de Ansiedad y Depresión desde Atención Primaria hasta los Servicios Psiquiátricos / Steps for the development of a management process of Anxiety and Depression from Primary Care up to the Psychiatry Departments

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Protocolos integrados con Psiquiatría y Atención Primaria para Trastornos Depresivos y de Ansiedad / Comprehensive Protocols with Psychiatry and Primary Care for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

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Proceso clínico de Trastornos Depresivos en los Servicios de Psiquiatría / Clinical Management Process for Depressive Disorders in Departments of Psychiatry

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