Colored sticky traps for monitoring phytophagous thrips (Thysanoptera) in mango agroecosystems, and their impact on beneficial insects.

The capture efficiency of six colored sticky traps (blue, green, orange, purple, white, and yellow) was tested in mango agroecosystems of Mexico with the purpose to: (i) document the diversity of Thysanoptera; (ii) determine the attraction of phytophagous thrips; (iii) assess the impact of these traps on beneficial insects; and (iv) assess the relationship between the density of Frankliniella thrips captured on traps and those found in the inflorescences. The use of colored sticky traps has revealed a great diversity of thrips and beneficial insects in the mango agroecosystem. A total of 16,441 thrips were caught on sticky traps throughout the sampling period, of which 16,251 (98.8%) were thrips adults and 190 (1.2%) larvae. Forty one species of thrips were collected either from sticky traps or from inflorescences. Of these, 32 species feed either on leaves or flowers. Frankliniella cephalica, F. gardeniae and F. invasor, were the most abundant species. Scirtothrips citri and S. manihoti were also captured among other phytophagous thrips. The white trap captured significantly more Frankliniella species and also had the smallest capture of beneficial insects. Yellow traps were the most attractive for Scirtothrips species, with low detrimental effects on insect pollinators, although high impact on natural enemies. Thrips species captured on sticky traps showed a low and non-significantly correlation with respect to the density of thrips in mango inflorescences. Although sticky traps did not predict the density of Frankliniella populations in mango inflorescences, the study represents a substantial progress in the use of color traps in mango agroecosystems. Colored sticky traps would be a good option for monitoring mango thrips to detect them at earlier stages of infestation to implement management tactics and avoid the building-up of thrips populations.

Development, Survival, and Reproduction of Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) Reared on Frankliniella invasor (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).

The minute pirate bug Orius insidiosus (Say) is an important predator in mango agroecosystems. It attacks several species of thrips, particularly Frankliniella invasor Sakimura, which is considered a species of economic importance in mango. We investigated the effect of six diets on the development, survival, and reproduction of O. insidiosus: 1) first instars of F. invasor, 2) second instars, 3) adults, 4) pollen, 5) pollen plus thrips larvae, and 6) water. Individuals fed on thrips larvae, with or without pollen, completed their immature development significantly faster. Nymphs of O. insidiosus were able to complete their development feeding on pollen only, while individuals that received water as a diet were unable to reach the adult stage. The highest intrinsic growth rate was obtained when O. insidiosus were fed on pollen plus thrips larvae, and the lowest when individuals were fed on thrips adults. Our studies show that a diet of pollen plus F. invasor larvae is optimal for O. insidiosus development and population growth.