[Meningitis-retention syndrome. Report of one case]. / Síndrome de meningitis y retención urinaria.

The Meningitis-Retention Syndrome associates aseptic meningitis and neurogenic bladder, with a vesical dysfunction that outlasts meningitis widely. Urodynamic assessment shows a detrusor palsy with normal function of the external sphincter. We report a 24-year-old male admitted for headache, fever, myalgias and acute urinary retention, which was diagnosed as a urinary tract infection. Worsening of symptoms and slight meningeal signs prompted for a lumbar puncture that yielded a cerebrospinal fluid with 94 lymphocytes, in which etiological evaluation was inconclusive. Meningeal syndrome and myalgia subsided by the fifth day, while urinary retention persisted. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord done at the fifth day, showed high intensity signals in basal ganglia and central spinal cord, not altered by contrast. These images disappeared in the imaging control performed two months later. Bladder dysfunction lasted at least until the second month of follow up.

[Clinical and pathologic identification of different forms of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease in Chile]. / Identificación clínica y patológica de las diversas formas de la enfermedad de Creutzfeldt Jakob en Chile.

BACKGROUND: The identification of clinical and pathological forms of Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) started with the first cases of the disease. Genetic and biomolecular prion status assessment are allowing now a better classification. AIM: To identify the clinical forms of the disease that exist in Chile, based on clinical and neuropathological data. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Review of records of 40 patients with CJD in whom a complete history, clinical details and neuropathological studies were available. Clinical aspects were grouped into five categories: behavioral and cognitive changes, sleep and alertness, visual impairment, motor disturbances, myoclonus and epilepsy. The neuropathological examination in each case allowed us to evaluate the damage of 13 areas of the central nervous system. RESULTS: Five forms of CJD were identified. The classic form was present in 28 patients (70%), the Heidenhain form was present in five (12.5%), the ataxic form in four (10%), the form with Kuru plaques in two (5%) and the Vacuolar was present in one patient (2.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The variety and forms of CJD in Chile do not differ substantially from those found abroad.

[Limbic encephalitis with positive anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate antibodies. Report of one case]. / Encefalitis autoinmune reversible y anticuerpos anti-receptores de N-metil-D-aspartato.

BACKGROUND: Limbic encephalitis is a subacute syndrome characterized by memory impairment, confusion, seizures, hypothalamic dysfunction and psychiatric symptoms. It has been associated to tumors located outside of the central nervous system. In 2007, anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAr) antibodies were found in serum and CSF of patients with this particular type of encephalitis. We report a 25-year-old female who, following upper respiratory tract symptoms, developed serious behavioral and consciousness impairment that progressed to coma. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a lymphocyte pleocytosis, the electroencephalogram was altered with a slow encephalopathic rhythm and a brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. Infectious etiologies were ruled out. CSF and serum anti NMDA receptors antibodies were positive.