Ultrastructure of oogenesis in Penaeus kerathurus (Crustacea, Decapoda). I. Previtellogenic oocytes.

Although Malacostracan species represent an important alimentary human resource, the ultrastructure of oogenesis in P. kerathurus remains unknown. Previtellogenic oocytes of Penaeus kerathurus possess a large nucleus with several peripheral nucleoli. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is originated from expansions of the nuclear envelope (NE) and contains small dense granules, which are first formed inside the intermembranous space of the NE but are later exported to the ER lumen. Direct vesiculation from the NE and ER then give rise to the Golgi complexes. Small yolk vesicles appear to be mainly formed by vesiculation of the ER, but also receive materials from the Golgi complexes. They contain a fine fibrillar content which seems to originate from decondensation of the small dense granules. Small vesicles and small multivesicular bodies originated from the NE, ER and Golgi complexes, as also myelin figures directly shedded from the NE, fuse together to give origin to large multivesticular bodies (MVB). These organelles, which have an incomplete membrane and appear meshed within nuage materials, give origin, at a later stage, to lipid droplets that are thereafter extruded into the cytoplasm. Neighbouring oocytes exhibit intercellular bridges, the remaining of their surface being surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells. These results show for the first time in Malacostraca the existence of oocyte intercellular bridges, that the ER and Golgi complexes arise from NE activity, that early yolk formation is endogenous and derives from the activity of the NE, ER and Golgi complexes, and that lipid droplets are products of intracellular membrane recycling activity occurring within large multivesicular bodies.

A cytochemical study of the nucleolus and nucleolus-related structures during human spermatogenesis.

Besides the components of typical nucleoli, three other nuclear structures were identified in spermatogonia by positive silver staining: dense centers, fibrillar regions, and dense granules. There was a close relationship between the dense centers and fibrillar regions in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, whereas the dense granules, which appeared dispersed throughout the nucleoplasm of spermatogonia, became localized at the periphery of chromosomes in spermatocytes. From the beginning of spermiogenesis, these three structures then appeared in direct relationship with the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus. At the Golgi phase, a new nuclear structure also appeared in close relationship with the dense fibrillar component. As it was morphologically similar to the fibrillar region, but not silver stained, it was designated fibrillar structure. With further spermatid development, as the dense fibrillar component gradually disappeared, a sharp increase in the number of the associated dense granules was observed; these granules then disappeared as well. In spermatids at cap phase, each fibrillar region appeared intimately associated with several fibrillar structures. In maturing spermatids, silver staining became confined to the fibrils that appeared located inside the nuclear vacuole. The nuclear vacuole also contained a dense fibrillar structure in intimate relationship with these fibrils and the peripheral condensed chromatin. Ethidium bromide-PTA, Na-tungstate and EDTA regressive staining suggest the presence of RNP in the fibrillar regions, dense granules and intravacuolar fibrils, and the presence of DNP in the fibrillar structures.

Levantamento de condicoes de saude por entrevistas domiciliarias: III. Vila Guatapara: metodologia, caracteristicas da familia e seu domicilio. / Survey of health conditions through household interviews: III. Vila Guatapara: methodology, family characteristics and its domiciliary

E feita detalhada descricao de um levantamento formalmente delineado para obter informacoes, a nivel domiciliar, sobre condicoes gerais de saude. Especial atencao e dada a referencia de episodios de doencas e acidentes.Apresentam-se os resultados obtidos na Vila Guatapara, sede do distrito do mesmo nome, no municipio de Ribeirao Preto, em 1972. Relatam-se as caracteristicas do nucleo familiar e de seu domicilio e algumas das caracteristicas pessoais dos moradores, correlacionando estas com a morbidade referida

Levantamento de condicoes de saude por entrevistas domiciliarias. IV. Vila Guatapara: caracteristicas individuais e morbidade referida. / Survey of health conditions through household interviews.IV. Vila Guatapara: individual characteristics and refered morbidity

Visando a estudar as condicoes socio-economicas e sanitarias em que vivia a populacao residente na Vila Guatapara, em 1972, procedeu-se a um levantamento completo das residencias que compunham essa localidade. Investigaram-se as caracteristicas da habitacao, habitos de criacao de animais, origem dos alimentos, fixacao na localidade, caracteristicas do nucleo familiar, a ocorrencia de doenca ou acidente entre os membros de cada familia na quinzena anterior a entrevista e no ano anterior. Da mesma forma, a ocorrencia de nascimentos e/ou obitos no ano anterior e as caracteristicas destes eventos. O trabalho de campo foi executado por estudantes de medicina e de ciencias biologicas e constava de uma entrevista com pessoa responsavel em cada domicilio. Os resultados do inquerito de morbidade foram cotejados com a "demanda" da unidade sanitaria local

Investigação epidemiologica e entrevistas domiciliarias. / Epidemiological research and domiciliary interviews

Partindo da ideia de que e necessario estabelecer um processo capaz de permitir a investigacao epidemiologica continua na populacao, e considerando que um processo dessa natureza deve ter respaldo oficial, sem o qual torna-se dificil promover, sob a forma de acoes concretas, o retorno das informacoes cientificamente trabalhadas a populacao, propoe se a criacao de um Levantamento Continuo de Condicoes de Saude por Entrevistas Domiciliarias, ligado a estrutura oficial de saude e coordenado pela Universidade. Na analise, que resulta de uma experiencia levada a efeito em Ribeirao Preto entre 1972 e 1978, fazem-se consideracoes acerca das vantagens do procedimento e apontam-se solucoes para alguns problemas surgidos, especialmente o da codificacao de morbidade referida por leigos

[Thickness of the pyloric muscle in relation to Chagas' disease]. / Espessura do musculo pilórico relaçao com doença de Chagas (relaçao com doença de Chagas

The authors analyzed the thickness of the pyloric muscle of 139 patients with peptic ulcer or gastric cancer. Subtracting the muscular thickness of pylorus measured by a ruler from the thickness estimated by the formula, P.T.=0.0415 X W+2.9, where P.T. represents the thickness of the pyloric muscle in millimeters and W represents the weight of the body in kilograms, they had the deviation from normal, in mm. The muscles with deviations greater than 3 mm were considered hypertrophics. Comparing their material with those of Horwitz et al the authors observed a difference in the group of patients with duodenal ulcer without stenosis in which they obtained 16.5% cases with muscular hypertrophy. Surprisingly, those patients showed positivity of sorologic reactions to Chagas' disease in 83.3% of the cases. These results together with the work of Kunze which demonstrated in 1973 that Chagas' disease may be one of the causative factors of the pyloric muscular hypertrophy, make the authors attribute to the neurological disturbances caused by the American Tripanosomiasis the difference observed.