Genome-wide association mapping reveals new loci associated with light-colored seed coat at harvest and slow darkening in carioca beans.

BACKGROUND: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume whose grain can be stored for months, a common practice among Brazilian growers. Over time, seed coats become darker and harder to cook, traits that are undesirable to consumers, who associate darker-colored beans with greater age. Like commercial pinto and cranberry bean varieties, carioca beans that have darker seeds at harvest time and after storage are subject to decreased market values. RESULTS: The goal of our study was to identify the genetic control associated with lightness of seed coat color at harvest (HL) and with tolerance to post-harvest seed coat darkening (PHD) by a genome-wide association study. For that purpose, a carioca diversity panel previously validated for association mapping studies was used with 138 genotypes and 1,516 high-quality SNPs. The panel was evaluated in two environments using a colorimeter and the CIELAB scale. Shelf storage for 30 days had the most expressive results and the L* (luminosity) parameter led to the greatest discrimination of genotypes. Three QTL were identified for HL, two on chromosome Pv04 and one on Pv10. Regarding PHD, results showed that genetic control differs for L* after 30 days and for the ΔL* (final L*-initial L*); only ΔL* was able to properly express the PHD trait. Four phenotypic classes were proposed, and five QTL were identified through six significant SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: Lightness of seed coat color at harvest showed an oligogenic inheritance corroborated by moderate broad-sense heritability and high genotypic correlation among the experiments. Only three QTL were significant for this trait - two were mapped on Pv04 and one on Pv10. Considering the ΔL, six QTL were mapped on four different chromosomes for PHD. The same HL QTL at the beginning of Pv10 was also associated with ΔL* and could be used as a tool in marker-assisted selection. Several candidate genes were identified and may be useful to accelerate the genetic breeding process.

Identification of clinical and radiographic predictors of central nervous system injury in genetic skeletal disorders.

Some studies report neurological lesions in patients with genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs). However, none of them describe the frequency of neurological lesions in a large sample of patients or investigate the associations between clinical and/or radiological central nervous system (CNS) injury and clinical, anthropometric and imaging parameters. The project was approved by the institution's ethics committee (CAAE 49433215.5.0000.0022). In this cross-sectional observational analysis study, 272 patients aged four or more years with clinically and radiologically confirmed GSDs were prospectively included. Genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis in the FGFR3 chondrodysplasias group. All patients underwent blinded and independent clinical, anthropometric and neuroaxis imaging evaluations. Information on the presence of headache, neuropsychomotor development (NPMD), low back pain, joint deformity, ligament laxity and lower limb discrepancy was collected. Imaging abnormalities of the axial skeleton and CNS were investigated by whole spine digital radiography, craniocervical junction CT and brain and spine MRI. The diagnostic criteria for CNS injury were abnormal clinical and/or radiographic examination of the CNS. Brain injury included malacia, encephalopathies and malformation. Spinal cord injury included malacia, hydrosyringomyelia and spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities. CNS injury was diagnosed in more than 25% of GSD patients. Spinal cord injury was found in 21.7% of patients, and brain injury was found in 5.9%. The presence of low back pain, os odontoideum and abnormal NPMD remained independently associated with CNS injury in the multivariable analysis. Early identification of these abnormalities may have some role in preventing compressive CNS injury, which is a priority in GSD patients.

Morphometric variation in pink shrimp populations at Rio de Janeiro coast (SE Brazil): are they really similar in closer areas?

Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis and F. paulensis are the most exploited shrimps of SE-S Brazilian coast. Our aim was to verify if adjacent nursery areas with different environmental condition (Sepetiba and Guanabara bays, SE Brazil) influence on shrimp populations (eg, CPUE) and body shapes. Samplings were carried out during 12 months in those bays ca. 85 Km far from each other. Carapace length (CL), total body length (TL), wet weight, abdomen size and TL/CL ratio were used to analyze variations in shape through regressions. In general, F. brasiliensis was 4 to 6 times more abundant than F. paulensis. The sex ratio differed from 1:1 in F. brasiliensis in both bays, with dominance of females, largest catches occur in autumn. However, differences in size and morphology were found between bays, mainly regarding the TL/CL ratio. Shrimps in Sepetiba Bay have higher TL/CL showing a more "elongated shape" (larger abdomen) when compared to those from Guanabara Bay. Results suggest the existence of an estuary vs shrimp morphology relationship which results in differences in body shape even in spatially close areas. TL/CL ratio has proven useful for assessing shrimp populations differences and might be tested for tracking the origin of adult shrimps stocks at the coast.

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by shrimp (Litopenaeus schmitti): A dose-response approach for coastal resources management.

We reveal a dose-response relationship for bioaccumulation of Zn, Cu and Cr in shrimp Litopenaeus schmitti from Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Our model estimates the current risk (AD50 was 70% of the legal limit) and the daily metal uptake rate for each metal. It can also evaluate the relative reliability of predictions for tissue concentrations reaching the legal limits for human consumption (approximately 1year) and predictions related to asymptotic length, arising from (i) direct regression of the metal concentration (MeC) versus total length (TL) and age (duration of exposure), and (ii) correlation of the incorporation rate (IR=MeC/TL) with age. Metal incorporation rates (IR), i.e. a kinetic proxy for absorption during growth up to attainment of asymptotic length, decrease with age, reflecting a slow-down in metal absorption. This pattern mitigates the high initial concentrations observed for juveniles.

Unsaponifiable matter from oil of green coffee beans: cosmetic properties and safety evaluation.

CONTEXT: Unsaponifiable matter (UM), a fraction of green coffee oil (GCO) contains functional compounds responsible for desirable cosmetic properties such as UV-B absorption. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate oil content and sun protection factor (SPF) variability of the two most important species of coffee and, the toxic and cytotoxic effects, as well as cosmetic properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of UM obtained from green Coffea arabica seed oil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The safety and potential cosmetic properties of UM extracted from green coffee oil (GCO) were evaluated by the brine shrimp viability and the MTT cytotoxicity assays. The SPF and antioxidant activity were evaluated using in vitro methods. RESULTS: Relevant cytotoxicity was found against keratinocytes for concentrations ≥25 µg/mL and in the brine shrimp assay (LC50 24 µg/mL). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities (IC50 1448 µg/mL) were low in UM but SPF was 10 times higher than in GCO. CONCLUSION: UM is a novel potential UV-B absorbent but its use as a cosmetic ingredient should be better considered due to the considerable cytotoxicity shown in the experimental conditions described.

Avanços e retrocessos da enfermagem obstétrica no Brasil / Progress and setbacks obstetrical nursing in Brazil

Objetivos: descrever a trajetória da enfermagem obstétrica no Brasil ao longo das décadas por meiode uma revisão da literatura. Métodos: revisão da literatura narrativa. Resultados: a partir do recente conceito de humanização no processo do partejar, o trabalho do enfermeiro obstetra tornou-se mais requisitado, já que foram percebidos, no decorrer dos anos, graves problemas com a medicalização excessiva e desnecessária no parto, o que exigiu modificações urgentes nesse modelo de assistência, principalmente no de baixo risco, assim como mudanças na formulação e implementação de políticas públicas voltadas ao contexto obstétrico. Conclusão: após a análise do percurso da enfermagem no campo da obstetrícia, observa-se um avanço considerável nessa área de atuação do enfermeiro no Brasil, sendo confirmado principalmente pela criação da lei do exercício profissional e pelos programas nacionais que incentivam a inserção de enfermeiros obstetras em várias áreas da saúde.

Objectives: to describe the trajectory of midwifery in Brazil over the decades through a literature review. Methods: literature narrative review. Results: from the recent concept of humanization in the process of midwife, nurse midwife's work became more ordered as it was perceived, over the years, serious problems with excessive and unnecessary medicalization in childbirth, which proposed changes in urgent care model, especially in low-risk, as well as changes in the formulation and implementation of public policies related to obstetric context. Conclusion: after analyzing the course of nursing in the field of obstetrics, there is a considerable advance in this area of work of nursing in Brazil, mainly confirmed by the law creating the professional and national programs that encourage the inclusion of obstetric nurses in several areas of health.

Objetivos: describir la trayectoria de la enfermería obstétrica en Brasil durante las décadas a través de una revisión de la literatura. Métodos: revisión de la literatura narrativa. Resultados: desde el concepto reciente de la humanización en el proceso de parto, el trabajo del enfermero obstetra llegó a ser más aplicado, ya que se percibe, en los últimos años, serios problemas con la medicalización excesiva e innecesaria durante el parto, que exigió modificaciones urgentes en ese modelo de asistencia, especialmente en bajo riesgo, así como los cambios en la formulación y ejecución de políticas públicas relacionadas con el contexto obstétrico. Conclusión: después de analizar el curso de enfermería en el campo de la obstetricia, se observa un avance considerable en esta área de trabajo de la enfermería en Brasil, siendo confirmado principalmente por la ley que crea los programas profesionales y nacionales que alienten la incorporación de enfermeras obstétricas en varias áreas de la salud.

Tamanho de grão comercial em cultivares de feijoeiro / Commercial grain size in common bean cultivars

Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar e indicar parâmetros de seleção para classificação de grãos de feijão que atendam as exigências do mercado consumidor. Foram instalados experimentos contendo 19 genótipos de feijoeiro em nove ambientes, no Estado de São Paulo. A produção de grãos foi estratificada em peneiras de classificação 10 (10/64" pol.) a 15 (15/64" pol.) e avaliada a produção relativa de grãos em peneiras 13 e 14, rendimento de peneira, massa de 1.000 grãos, tamanho de grãos e para os índices J=perfil e H=forma do grão. A produção relativa de grãos, rendimento de peneira, forma e perfil foram as características que apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas, indicando presença de variabilidade genética. Por meio da comparação dos resultados com testemunhas de feijoeiro já recomendadas para o setor produtivo, conclui-se que uma cultivar de feijoeiro deve apresentar alta massa de 1.000 grãos (251 a 300g), produção relativa de grãos em peneiras 13 e 14 com valores acima de sete, rendimento de peneira acima de 70,0 por cento e também sementes elípticas e perfil semiachatado.

The aim of this research was to evaluate and to direct the genetic parameters to classify the grain size of common bean, according to the market demand. Experiments with 19 common bean genotypes were assembled in nine sites in the São Paulo State. The grain yield was stratified following sieve classification 10 (10/64" inch) to 15 (15/64" inch). The following parameters were evaluated: relative yield with 13 and 14 sieves, sieve yield, thousand grain weight, grain size, J and H indexes (J=grain profile; H=grain shape). The relative grain yield, sieve yield, shapes and grain profiles presented significant statistical differences, indicating the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes. Compared to the market recommended and productive checks, the results showed that a common bean cultivar should present high thousand grain weight (251 to 300g); relative grain yield with 13 and 14 sieves should present values above seven; the sieve yield should be above 70.0 percent and it should exhibit elliptic seeds and semi-flat grain.

Avaliação da estabilidade e adaptabilidade de genótipos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) baseada na análise multivariada da "performance" genotípica / Evaluation of the stability and adaptability of genotypes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ) through multivariate analysis of genotype performance

Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade de genótipos de feijoeiro, cultivados em diferentes ambientes, por meio da análise multivariada da performance genotípica, empregando-se os teores de água, o valor protéico e os parâmetros de qualidade tecnológica dos grãos (porcentagem de absorção de água antes e após o cozimento, tempo de cozimento, porcentagem de grãos inteiros, expansão volumétrica e sólidos solúveis totais no caldo), em conjunto com a produtividade média dos genótipos cultivados em diversos ambientes, visando a identificar as linhagens e/ou cultivares mais estáveis e adaptadas para o conjunto de caracteres de importância para a cadeia produtiva do feijoeiro. Para tanto, foram avaliados 19 genótipos de feijoeiro pertencentes aos ensaios de VCU (Valor de Cultivo e Uso) 2005/2006/2007 de grãos dos grupos comerciais carioca e preto para o estado de São Paulo. Os resultados obtidos pela análise multivarida para a o conjunto das três épocas de semeadura reportaram o genótipo Gen 96A98-15-3-52-1 e a cultivar IAC-Alvorada como estáveis, responsivas à melhoria dos ambientes e tolerantes nos ambientes desfavoráveis. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a análise de estabilidade e adaptabilidade multivariada proposta por Carneiro (1998), baseadas em Lin & Binns (1988), mostra-se eficiente e simples para a avaliação do desempenho genotípico das cultivares, além de apresentarem unicidade do parâmetro para estimar a adaptabilidade à ambientes favoráveis e desfavoráveis, e simplicidade na interpretação dos resultados.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the stability and adaptability of the genotypes of common beans, cultivated in different environments through multivariate analysis of genotype performance employing up water contents, protein value and technological parameters of quality (percentage of absorption of water before and after cooking, time of cooking, percentage of complete grains, volumetric expansion and soluble solid totals in the broth), together with average productivity of the genotypes. To that end, 19 genotypes of common bean of the carioca and black commercial groups, belonging the testing of VCU (Value of Cultivation and Use) of São Paulo state have been evaluated in the crops of 2005/2006/2007. According to the results obtained by multivariate analysis for the set of the three seasons of culture the genotype Gen 96A98-15-3-52-1 and IAC- Alvorada were classified as stable, responsive to improvement of the environment, and tolerant in unfavorable environments. It can be concluded from these results that the univariate and multivariate adaptability and stability analyses proposed by Carneiro (1998) based on Lin & Binns (1988) is an efficient and simple way to assess the genotype performance of the cultivars, besides presenting parameter uniqueness to estimate adaptability to favorable and unfavorable environments, with a simple interpretation of the results.

Polyarteritis nodosa with central nervous system involvement mimicking meningoencephalitis.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient who had polyarteritis nodosa with central nervous system involvement mimicking infectious meningoencephalitis. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENT: A 9-yr-old boy with prolonged fever, headache, decreased level of consciousness, neck stiffness, and papilledema. RESULTS: Cerebrospinal fluid examination showed pleocytosis and a high protein level. After neurologic deterioration resulted from the initial treatment with antibiotic, the combination of clinical and laboratory findings with neuroradiologic features led to suspected systemic vasculitis. The patient was treated subsequently with corticosteroid, which resulted in great improvement. Biopsy of a skin lesion confirmed the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. CONCLUSIONS: Critical care physicians must recognize neurologic manifestation patterns of systemic vasculitides because appropriate diagnosis and therapy result in significantly improved morbidity and mortality.

Conservaçäo de concentrado de tomate por métodos combinados / Tomato concentrate preserved by hurdle technology

Concentrado de tomate (29 brix) foi preservado por métodos combinados. Em um primeiro experimento testou-se a adiçäo de 4 componentes no concentrado por 25 combinaçöes ácido acético (0,1 a 3 por cento), cloreto de sódio (2 a 10 por cento), benzonato de sódio e sorbato de potássio (ambos 0 1 0,15 por cento).As amostras foram inoculadas com cerca de 10 UFC/g de bactérias lácticas, leveduras e bolores . Após a adiçäo dos componentes, as amostras foram acondicionadas näo hermeticamente em recipientes de vidro e mantidas à temperatura constante (25ñ2C). Todas as combinaçöes testadas apresentavam boa preservaçäo após 12 meses de armazenamento. Pelas respostas do primeiro experimento delineou-se estatísticamente um segundo experimento adiconando-se ao concentrado de tomate somente cloreto de sódio acético. Das 9 combinaçöes diferentes testadas no segundo experimento, 4 apresentavam boa estabilidade micribiológica.Os resultados indicaram grande potencial do uso da técnica de métopdos cxombinados para a preservaçäo do tomate concentrado semiprocessado, armazenado a granel.

Qualidade do broto de bambu Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro esterilizado comercialmente / Quality of bamboo shoots Dendrocalamus giganteus Nunro comercially sterelized

Estudou-se o efeito de diversas combinaçöes de tempo e temperatura do processo de esterilizaçäo comercial na qualidade de porçöes apicais de broto de bambu Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro cozidas por 120 minutos em tacho aberto

Broto-de-bambu: uma opçäo alimentar; II. Processamento e aceitabilidade / Bamboo shoot: a food option; II. Processing and acceptability

Foram estudados cinco tipos de processamento envolvendo etapas de cozimento e de maceraçäo dos brotos em água corrente e parada. Os produtos obtidos foram analisados física e sensorialmente. Realizou-se teste de aceitaçäo do broto-de-bambu como um vegetal a ser usado em diversos pratos, a nível domiciliar. O nível residual mínimo de ácido cianídrico foi de 41mg/Kg na porçäo apical obtida no processamento, que envolvia 4 cozimentos e lavagens intermediárias e de 27mg/Kg na porçäo basal obtida nos processos de 3 ou 4 cozimentos e maceraçöes, näo tendo sido detectado, pela equipe de análisis sensorial, a esses níveis, o gosto amargo. Os produtos obtidos dos processamentos que envolviam maceraçöes e vários cozimentos em água näo diferiram estatisticamente entre si ao nível de 5% de probabilidade quanto à cor, sabor e textura. Observou-se o componente verde (-aHunter) de cor na porçäo apical e o vermelho (+aHunter) na basal. No teste de aceitaçäo, em média, 87,2% das famílias comunicaram a seus familiares que o produto em teste era broto-de-bambu. As porçöes apical e basal do broto alcançaram o "gostei" da escala hedônica empregada, apresentando, em média, 83,7% de aceitaçäo. Das famílias participantes do teste de aceitaçäo, 95,1% e 90,0% respectivamente, responderam que comprariam e comsumiriam as porçöes apical e basal do broto