Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical and in vitro analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) on the biological behavior and prognosis of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). METHODS: Immunoexpression of PAI-1 was analyzed in 60 OTSCC specimens and classified as low-expression (≤50% of positive cells) or high-expression (>50%). In vitro effects of recombinant human PAI-1 (rhPAI-1) were assessed through functional assays on the OTSCC-derived cell line SCC-25. Three cell groups were evaluated: G0 (control), G10 (10 nM rhPAI-1), and G20 (20 nM rhPAI-1). RESULTS: High membrane expression of PAI-1 was associated with tumor budding (p = 0.046) and high-risk cases (p = 0.043). Cytoplasmic and membrane expression of PAI-1 was not associated with patient survival. Cell viability (p = 0.020) and progression to the S-phase of the cell cycle (p = 0.024) were higher in G10 and G20 at 24 h. The percentages of apoptotic/necrotic cells were not affected by rhPAI-1. The presence of rhPAI-1 increased cell migration (p = 0.039) and invasion (p = 0.039) after 24 and 72 h, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate the involvement of PAI-1 in the biological behavior of OTSCC, although its expression may not predict patient survival. The in vitro results suggest that PAI-1 stimulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion and may contribute to the aggressive phenotype of OTSCC.

Uso de laser de alta potência para remoção de granuloma piogênico em palato: relato de um caso / Use of high power laser to remove piogenic granuloma in the palate: a case report

A laserterapia na área odontológica oferece ao paciente e ao profissional uma alternativa terapêutica em relação a métodos convencionais. O uso do laser de alta potência em procedimentos cirúrgicos apresenta inúmeras vantagens, uma vez que reduz o sangramento durante a diérese, proporciona uma boa visão do campo operatório e torna mais curto e conveniente o tempo do procedimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de remoção cirúrgica de granuloma piogênico em palato mole com Laser de diodo de alta potência. A paciente do sexo feminino com 75 anos foi encaminhada à Clínica Escola de Odontologia com lesão em palato, com hipótese diagnóstica de granuloma piogênico. O tratamento de escolha foi a exérese da lesão com o Laser de diodo Thera Lase surgery (DMC equipamentos, São Carlos/SP, Brasil) 808nm, meio ativo de Gallium-Indium-Arsenide (InGaAs), 3500mW, 4J e frequência contínua, a amostra foi encaminhada para o Laboratório de Histopatologia oral para análise histopatológica, sendo confirmado como granuloma piogênico fibrosado. O Laser cirúrgico utilizado foi eficaz na excisão da lesão, permitindo excelente hemostasia, acesso cirúrgico à lesão e fácil manuseio, não ocorrendo intercorrências trans- e/ou pós-operatórias. Após 3 anos de acompanhamento periódico, não houve recidiva da lesão... (AU)

Laser therapy in the dental field offers the patient and the professional an alternative to conventional methods. The use of high-powered laser in surgical procedures has numerous advantages, since it reduces bleeding during the incision, provides a good view of the operative field, the procedure time becomes shorter and more convenient. The objective of this work is to report a case of surgical removal of pyogenic granuloma in the soft palate with a high-power diode laser. The 75 year old female patient was referred to the Dental School Clinic with a palate lesion, with a diagnostic hypothesis of pyogenic granuloma. The treatment of choice was the excision of the lesion with the Thera Lase surgery diode laser (DMC equipment, São Carlos / SP, Brazil) 808 nm, active medium Gallium-Indium-Arsenide (InGaAs), 3500mW, 4J and continuous frequency, the sample was sent to the Oral Histopathology Laboratory for histopathological analysis, being confirmed as fibrous pyogenic granuloma. The surgical laser used was effective in excising the lesion, hemostasis was satisfactory, handling was practical, easy access to the area to be excised, there was no intraoperative complication and no postoperative complications were reported. The patient after about 3 years of periodic follow-up is healthy and has no recurrence of the lesion... (AU)

Amelogênese imperfeita do tipo hipoplásica: relato de dois casos familiares / Amelogénesis imperfecta del tipo hipoplásico: informe de dos casos familiares / Hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta: report of two family cases

RESUMO Introdução: Diariamente o cirurgião dentista se depara com diversos casos que exigem acurácia no diagnóstico inicial e atenção para o tratamento que irá ser proposto, uma dessas é a amelogênese imperfeita, que é uma rara alteração dentária de caráter hereditário. As características principais da amelogênese imperfeita são hipomineralização ou hipoplasia da matriz de esmalte, o que ocasiona descoloração, sensibilidade e fragilidade deste tecido, apresentando diferentes subtipos clínicos, sendo a variante hipoplásica a mais prevalente. Objetivo: Relatar dois casos de amelogênese imperfeita do tipo hipoplásica entre membros de uma mesma família, correlacionando-os. Apresentação do caso: O diagnóstico foi feito através dos exames clínico e radiográfico, além da correlação entre os achados clínicos encontrados em cada paciente e com outros familiares, sendo proposto um plano de tratamento multidisciplinar e consistente com a condição adequada. Conclusões: É importante para o cirurgião dentista estudar e conhecer essas alterações raras para poder estabelecer diagnóstico preciso. Além disso, deve-se ampliar a conduta clínica através de um planejamento individualizado e/ou familiar, tratando não apenas aspectos estéticos e funcionais, mas também psicológico e sociais(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: Diariamente el cirujano dentista se enfrenta a varios casos que exigen precisión en el diagnóstico inicial y atención para el tratamiento que se propondrá, una de las cuales es la amelogénesis imperfecta, que es un rara alteración dental de carácter hereditario. Las características principales de la amelogénesis imperfecta son hipomeralización o hipoplasia de la matriz de esmalte, lo que ocasiona decoloración, sensibilidad y fragilidad de este tejido, con la presencia de diferentes subtipos clínicos, siendo la variante hipoplásica la más prevalente. Objetivo: Informar dos casos de amelogénesis imperfecta del tipo hipoplásica entre miembros de una misma familia, correlacionándolos. Presentación del caso: El diagnóstico se realizó a través de los exámenes clínicos y radiográficos, además de la correlación entre los hallazgos clínicos encontrados en cada paciente y con otros familiares, por lo que fue propuesto un plan de tratamiento multidisciplinario y consistente con la condición adecuada. Conclusiones: Es importante para el cirujano dentista que estudie y conozca estos cambios raros para poder establecer un diagnóstico preciso. Además, se debe ampliar la conducta clínica a través de una planificación individualizada y / o familiar, tratando no solo aspectos estéticos y funcionales, sino también psicológicos y sociales(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dental surgeons are confronted every day with several cases that require accuracy in the initial diagnosis and attention to the treatment that will be proposed. One of these is amelogenesis imperfecta, a rare hereditary tooth alteration. The main features of amelogenesis imperfecta are hypomineralization or hypoplasia of the enamel matrix resulting in discoloration, sensitivity and fragility of this tissue. Of the existing clinical subtypes, the hypoplastic variant is the most prevalent. Objective: Report and correlate two cases of hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta in members of the same family. Case presentation: The diagnosis was based on clinical and radiographic examination, as well as analysis of the correlation between the clinical findings obtained from each patient and other relatives. The treatment plan proposed was therefore multidisciplinary and appropriately consistent with the condition. Conclusions: It is important for dental surgeons to study and be aware of these rare changes to be able to establish an accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, clinical management should be broadened through individualized and/or family planning, paying attention not only to esthetic and functional aspects, but psychological and social as well(AU)

Relationship between mast cells and E-cadherin in odontogenic keratocysts and radicular cysts.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate tryptase and E-cadherin protein expression in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and radicular cysts (RCs) and their relationship with lesion size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty OKC and 30 RC cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Tryptase expression was quantitatively assessed using the quantification of mast cells, and expression of E-cadherin was semi-quantitatively analyzed estimating the proportion of positive cells: 1 = less than 25% of immunopositive cells; 2 = 26 to 50% of immunopositive cells; 3 = 51 to 75% of immunopositive cells; 4 = more than 75% of immunopositive cells. Data on cystic lesion sizes were obtained from patients' clinical files, based on previous radiographic exams, and the lesions were categorized into three groups: group 1 (< 2 to 2 cm); group 2 (> 2 to 4 cm), and group 3 (> 4 cm). RESULTS: Higher mast cell means were found for RCs, with the predominance of degranulated mast cells in both OKCs and RCs (p = 0.082). Concerning the epithelial component, a higher concentration of degranulated mast cells was detected in RCs (p = 0.000). Regarding connective tissue, degranulated mast cells were more evident in OKCs (p = 0.762). A negative correlation was observed between E-cadherin expression and total number of mast cells (p = 0.011), degranulated mast cells (p = 0.040), and degranulated mast cells in both superficial (p = 0.035) and deep connective tissues (p = 0.009). Concerning lesion size, a negative correlation with total number of mast cells (p = 0.016) and number of degranulated mast cells (p = 0.049) was observed, both in the epithelial components. Herein, the larger the lesion size, the lower the number of degranulated mast cells in the epithelium (r = - 0.271; p = 0.49), suggesting that these cells play a role in the initial cystic expansion phase. CONCLUSION: The higher expression of tryptase in degranulated mast cells was linked to a lower expression of E-cadherin, which may be related to a change in the epithelial permeability in these lesions, contributing to increased cystic content and lesion growth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evidence of the relationship between mast cells and E-cadherin in the growth of odontogenic cysts was studied.

Desordens orais potencialmente malignas: um estudo de prevalência / Potentially malignant oral disorders: a prevalence study

Este estudo realizou a prevalência das desordens orais com potencial de transformação maligna diagnosticadas nos pacientes atendidos pela Clínica-Escola de Odontologia da Universídade Federal de Campina Grande. A pesquisa foi realizada nos prontuários arquivados dos pacientes atendidos na clínica-escola. Os pacientes diagnosticados com lesão foram convidadas a comparecerem novamente à clínica-escola para a realização do controle clínico. De um total de 2.706 prontuários, foram encontrados 131 pacientes com desordens orais, revelando uma prevalência de 4,84%. A queilite actínica foi a mais frequente com 68 (50,4%) casos, seguida da leucoplasia com 61 (45,2%). Homens corresponderam a 85 (64,9%) casos; o tipo de pele mais comum foi o feoderma com 64 (48,8%), e a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 45,11 anos. Também foi observado que 89 (68%) pacientes não realizaram o tratamento preconizado para a lesão e que o resultado histopatológico mais comum foi a hiperceratose com 11 (18%) casos, seguida da displasia epitelial leve com 5 (8,2%) ocorrências. Com relação ao controle clínico, apenas 33 (25,2%) pacientes retornaram, sendo 22 livres da doença. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que a prevalência das desordens encontradas foi semelhante à prevalência mundial e que existe uma grande evasão por parte dos pacientes no tratamento e no controle clínico... (AU)

This study evaluated the prevalence of oral disorders with potential malignant transformation diagnosed in the patients attended by the Clinical School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Campina Grande. The research was carried out from medical files of patients attended at the school-clinic. Patients diagnosed with an injury were called to attend the school clinic again for clinical control. From a total of 2,706 medical records, 131 patients with oral disorders were found, showing a prevalence of 4.84%. Actinic cheilitis was the most frequent with 68 (50.4%) cases, followed by leukoplakia with 61 (45.2%). Men corresponded to 85 (64.9%) cases, the most common skin type was feoderma with 64 (48.8%), and the mean age of the patients was 45.11 years. It was also observed that 89 (68%) patients did not perform the recommended treatment for the lesion, and that the most common histopathological result was hyperkeratosis with 11 (18%) cases, followed by mild epithelial dysplasia with 5 (8.2%) occurrences. Regarding the clinical control, only 33 (25.2%) patients returned, being 22 free of the disease. In view of the above, it is concluded that the prevalence of the disorders found was similar to the worldwide prevalence and that there is a great deal of evasion by the patients to the treatment and in the clinical control... (AU)

Giant Epignathus Teratoma Discovered at Birth: A Case Report and 7-Year Follow-Up.

Teratomas are tumors composed by tissues derived from the three germ cell layers, and they are relatively uncommon in head and neck. The term epignathus has been applied to teratomas from the oropharynx. This paper reports the case of a giant epignathus teratoma discovered at birth, which was successfully managed and followed up for 7 years. A newborn boy presented a polypoid tumor mass exteriorizing through the mouth over a length of 9 cm, with some surface areas resembling skin and others exhibiting hair. Computed tomography showed that the mass arose deep from the left hemiface. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were high (316,000 ng/mL). Surgery was performed and microscopic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of mature teratoma. Because of residual tumor and high AFP levels, the patient was submitted to chemotherapy, resulting in complete regression of the lesion and normalization of AFP levels. Surgical repair of a cleft palate was performed at 5 years of age. At 7 years of age, the patient was in good general health and showed no clinical signs of recurrence. Although epignathus is a rare condition, it should be diagnosed in the fetus as early as possible. Prenatal care provides unquestionable benefits, providing the early diagnosis of anomalies that can jeopardize the life of the fetus and contributing to the indication of cases that require treatment before birth.

Giant Epignathus Teratoma Discovered at Birth: A Case Report and 7-Year Follow-Up

Abstract Teratomas are tumors composed by tissues derived from the three germ cell layers, and they are relatively uncommon in head and neck. The term epignathus has been applied to teratomas from the oropharynx. This paper reports the case of a giant epignathus teratoma discovered at birth, which was successfully managed and followed up for 7 years. A newborn boy presented a polypoid tumor mass exteriorizing through the mouth over a length of 9 cm, with some surface areas resembling skin and others exhibiting hair. Computed tomography showed that the mass arose deep from the left hemiface. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were high (316,000 ng/mL). Surgery was performed and microscopic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of mature teratoma. Because of residual tumor and high AFP levels, the patient was submitted to chemotherapy, resulting in complete regression of the lesion and normalization of AFP levels. Surgical repair of a cleft palate was performed at 5 years of age. At 7 years of age, the patient was in good general health and showed no clinical signs of recurrence. Although epignathus is a rare condition, it should be diagnosed in the fetus as early as possible. Prenatal care provides unquestionable benefits, providing the early diagnosis of anomalies that can jeopardize the life of the fetus and contributing to the indication of cases that require treatment before birth.

Resumo Teratomas são tumores constituídos por tecidos derivados das três camadas de células germinativas e são relativamente incomuns em cabeça e pescoço. O termo epignathus tem sido utilizado para designar teratomas que se originam na orofaringe. Este artigo relata o caso de um teratoma epignathus gigante descoberto ao nascimento, o qual foi tratado com sucesso e proservado por 7 anos. Um menino recém-nascido apresentou uma massa tumoral polipoide que se exteriorizava através da boca por uma extensão de 9 cm, com regiões da superfície semelhantes à pele e outras exibindo pelos. Exame de tomografia computadorizada revelou que a massa se originava profundamente na hemiface esquerda. Os níveis de alfa-fetoproteína (AFP) se apresentavam elevados (316.000 ng/mL). Foi realizada cirurgia e a análise microscópica confirmou o diagnóstico de teratoma maduro. Por apresentar lesão residual e altos níveis de AFP, o paciente foi submetido à quimioterapia, resultando em regressão completa da lesão e normalização dos níveis de AFP. Correção cirúrgica de uma fenda palatina foi realizada aos 5 anos de idade. Aos 7 anos de idade, o paciente apresentava um bom estado de saúde geral, sem sinais clínicos de recorrência da lesão. Embora o epignathus seja uma condição rara, seu diagnóstico no feto deve ser realizado o mais precocemente possível. O cuidado pré-natal proporciona benefícios inquestionáveis, permitindo o diagnóstico precoce de anomalias que podem comprometer a vida do feto e contribuindo para a indicação de casos que requerem tratamento antes do nascimento.

Estudo in vitro dos efeitos da BMP-2 e do seu antagonista Noggin sobre a proliferação e migração celulares em carcinoma epidermóide de língua / In vitro study of the effects of BMP-2 and its antagonist Noggin on cell proliferation and migration in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

O carcinoma epidermóide oral (CEO) representa a neoplasia maligna mais prevalente na cavidade oral e por atingir um grande número de indivíduos, acaba se tornado um relevante problema de saúde pública. Muitos estudos demonstram alterações nos componentes da via BMP em vários tipos de tumores, como os de próstata, cólon, mama, gástricos e CEOs. É do conhecimento atual que essas proteínas podem exercer efeito pró-tumoral em estágios mais avançados do desenvolvimento neoplásico vindo a favorecer a progressão e invasão tumoral. A inibição da via de sinalização da BMP-2, através dos seus antagonistas, tem mostrado resultados positivos de ação antitumoral e que assim, o uso do Noggin pode ser um novo alvo terapêutico contra o câncer. Diante destas evidências e dos escassos trabalhos com BMP-2, Noggin e CEO, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da BMP-2 e seu antagonista Noggin sobre a proliferação e migração celulares em culturas de células de carcinoma epidermóide de língua humana (SCC25). Foi feita a divisão em três grupos de estudo, um grupo controle, onde as células SCC25 não sofriam tratamento com substância alguma, um grupo BMP-2, no qual as células eram tratadas com 100ng/ml de BMP-2 e um grupo de células que eram tratadas com 100ng/ml de Noggin. Para o ensaio de proliferação e ciclo celular foram estabelecidos três intervalos de tempo (24, 48 e 72 horas).

A atividade proliferativa foi investigada por azul de tripan e a análise do ciclo celular através da marcação por iodeto de propídio em Citometria de fluxo. O potencial de migração/invasão das células SCC25 foi avaliado através da realização de um ensaio de invasão celular utilizando o matrigel em um intervalo de 48 horas. A curva de proliferação revelou maior crescimento celular nas células tratadas com BMP-2 no intervalo de 72 horas (p<0.05) e menor crecimento e viabilidade celular no grupo Noggin. As proteínas recombinantes favoreceram a maior porcentagem das células na fase do ciclo celular Go/G1 com diferença estatisticamente significativa no intervalo de 24 horas (p<0,05). A BMP-2 promoveu uma maior invasão das células estudadas, assim como o seu antagonista Noggin inibiu a invasão das células estudadas (p<0,05). Dessa forma, os resultados indicam que a BMP-2 favorece o fenótipo maligno, pois estimula a proliferação e invasão das células SCC25 e seu antagonista Noggin pode ser uma alternativa terapêutica pois inibiu essas características pró-tumorais. (AU)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity and reach a large number of individuals, has become an important public health problem. Studies have demonstrated changes in pathway components BMP in various types of cancers as prostate, colon, breast, gastric and OSCCs. Is the current knowledge that these proteins may exert pro-tumor effect in more advanced stages of neoplastic development coming to favor progression and invasion tumor. The inhibition of the signaling pathway BMP-2 through its antagonists, have shown positive results of antitumor activity and use of Noggin may be a novel therapeutic target for cancer. Given this evidence and the few studies with BMP-2, Noggin and OSCC, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of BMP-2 and its antagonist Noggin on proliferation and migration cell in line of cell cultures of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC25). The study was divided in three groups, a control group, where SCC25 cells suffered no treatment, a BMP-2 group, in which cells were treated with 100ng/ml of BMP-2 and a group of cells that were treated with 100ng/ml of Noggin.

For the proliferation assay and cell cycle were established three time intervals (24, 48 and 72 hours). Proliferative activity was investigated by trypan blue and cell cycle analysis by staining with propidium iodide flow cytometry. The potential for migration / invasion of SCC25 cells was performing by a cell invasion assay using Matrigel in a 48-hour interval. The proliferation curve showed a higher proliferation in cells treated with BMP-2 in 72 hours (p < 0.05), and lower overgrowth and cell viability in Noggin group. Recombinant proteins favored a greater percentage of cells in cell cycle phase Go/G1 with a statistically significant difference in the interval of 24 hours (p < 0.05). BMP- 2 produced a greater invasion of cells studied as well as its antagonist Noggin inhibits invasion of cells (p < 0.05). Thus, these results indicate that BMP-2 promotes malignant phenotype, dues stimulates proliferation and invasion of SCC25 cells and, its antagonist Noggin may be an alternative treatment, due to inhibit the tumor progression. (AU)

Expression of glucose transporters 1 and 3 in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of glucose transporters 1 (GLUT-1) and 3 (GLUT-3) in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). Twenty LLSCCs with regional nodal metastasis and 20 LLSCCs without metastasis were selected. The distribution of staining and the percentage of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 staining in each tumor core and at the deep invasive front were assessed. Most tumors (70%) exhibited peripheral staining for GLUT-1 in nests, sheets and islands of neoplastic cells, whereas predominantly central staining was observed for GLUT-3 (72.5%). A high percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was observed at the deep invasive front and in the tumor core of metastatic and non-metastatic tumors (p>0.05). The percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was much higher than that of GLUT-3-positive cells both in the deep invasive front (p<0.001) and in the tumor core (p<0.001) of LLSCCs. No significant differences in the percentage of GLUT-1- and GLUT-3-positive cells were observed according to nodal metastasis, clinical stage or histological grade of malignancy (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest an important role of GLUT-1 in glucose uptake in LLSCCs, although this protein does not seem to be involved in the progression of these tumors. On the other hand, GLUT-3 expression may represent a secondary glucose uptake mechanism in LLSCCs.

Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Lower Lip Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This study aimed to evaluate the immunoexpression of glucose transporters 1 (GLUT-1) and 3 (GLUT-3) in metastatic and non-metastatic lower lip squamous cell carcinoma (LLSCC). Twenty LLSCCs with regional nodal metastasis and 20 LLSCCs without metastasis were selected. The distribution of staining and the percentage of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 staining in each tumor core and at the deep invasive front were assessed. Most tumors (70%) exhibited peripheral staining for GLUT-1 in nests, sheets and islands of neoplastic cells, whereas predominantly central staining was observed for GLUT-3 (72.5%). A high percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was observed at the deep invasive front and in the tumor core of metastatic and non-metastatic tumors (p>0.05). The percentage of GLUT-1-positive cells was much higher than that of GLUT-3-positive cells both in the deep invasive front (p<0.001) and in the tumor core (p<0.001) of LLSCCs. No significant differences in the percentage of GLUT-1- and GLUT-3-positive cells were observed according to nodal metastasis, clinical stage or histological grade of malignancy (p>0.05). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest an important role of GLUT-1 in glucose uptake in LLSCCs, although this protein does not seem to be involved in the progression of these tumors. On the other hand, GLUT-3 expression may represent a secondary glucose uptake mechanism in LLSCCs.

Este estudo objetivou avaliar a imunoexpressão dos transportadores de glicose 1 (GLUT-1) e 3 (GLUT-3) em carcinomas de células escamosas de lábio inferior (CCELI) metastáticos e não-metastáticos. Vinte CCELIs com metástase nodal regional e 20 CCELI sem metástase foram selecionados. Foram analisados a distribuição da imunomarcação e o percentual de imunorreatividade para GLUT-1 e GLUT-3 no centro tumoral e no front de invasão tumoral. A maioria dos tumores (70%) revelou marcação para GLUT-1 em áreas periféricas dos ninhos, lençóis e ilhas de células neoplásicas, ao passo que GLUT-3 revelou predomínio de marcação em áreas centrais (72.5%). Um alto percentual de células positivas para GLUT-1 foi observado no front de invasão e no centro tumoral das lesões metastáticas e não-metastáticas (p>0,05). O percentual de células positivas para GLUT-1 foi superior ao percentual de células positivas para GLUT-3, tanto no front de invasão (p<0,001) quanto no centro tumoral (p<0,001) dos CCELIs. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas no percentual de células positivas para GLUT-1 e GLUT-3 em relação à mestástase nodal, ao estádio clínico ou ao grau histológico de malignidade (p>0,05). Em conclusão, os resultados do presente estudo sugerem um importante papel para GLUT-1 na absorção de glicose nos CCELIs, embora esta proteína não pareça estar envolvida na progressão destes tumores. Por outro lado, a expressão de GLUT-3 pode representar um mecanismo secundário para a absorção de glicose nos CCELIs.

Estudo in vitro dos efeitos da BMP-2 e do seu antagonista Noggin sobre a proliferação e migração celulares em carcinoma epidermóide de língua / In vitro study of the effects of BMP-2 and its antagonist Noggin on cell proliferation and migration in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

O carcinoma epidermóide oral (CEO) representa a neoplasia maligna mais prevalente na cavidade oral e por atingir um grande número de indivíduos, acaba se tornado um relevante problema de saúde pública. Muitos estudos demonstram alterações nos componentes da via BMP em vários tipos de tumores, como os de próstata, cólon, mama, gástricos e CEOs. É do conhecimento atual que essas proteínas podem exercer efeito pró-tumoral em estágios mais avançados do desenvolvimento neoplásico vindo a favorecer a progressão e invasão tumoral. A inibição da via de sinalização da BMP-2, através dos seus antagonistas, tem mostrado resultados positivos de ação antitumoral e que assim, o uso do Noggin pode ser um novo alvo terapêutico contra o câncer. Diante destas evidências e dos escassos trabalhos com BMP-2, Noggin e CEO, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da BMP-2 e seu antagonista Noggin sobre a proliferação e migração celulares em culturas de células de carcinoma epidermóide de língua humana (SCC25). Foi feita a divisão em três grupos de estudo, um grupo controle, onde as células SCC25 não sofriam tratamento com substância alguma, um grupo BMP-2, no qual as células eram tratadas com 100ng/ml de BMP-2 e um grupo de células que eram tratadas com 100ng/ml de Noggin. Para o ensaio de proliferação e ciclo celular foram estabelecidos três intervalos de tempo (24, 48 e 72 horas)...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignancy in the oral cavity and reach a large number of individuals, has become an important public health problem. Studies have demonstrated changes in pathway components BMP in various types of cancers as prostate, colon, breast, gastric and OSCCs. Is the current knowledge that these proteins may exert pro-tumor effect in more advanced stages of neoplastic development coming to favor progression and invasion tumor. The inhibition of the signaling pathway BMP-2 through its antagonists, have shown positive results of antitumor activity and use of Noggin may be a novel therapeutic target for cancer. Given this evidence and the few studies with BMP-2, Noggin and OSCC, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of BMP-2 and its antagonist Noggin on proliferation and migration cell in line of cell cultures of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC25). The study was divided in three groups, a control group, where SCC25 cells suffered no treatment, a BMP-2 group, in which cells were treated with 100ng/ml of BMP-2 and a group of cells that were treated with 100ng/ml of Noggin...

Infected orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a rare cause of facial cellulitis

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOCs) are relatively uncommon developmental cysts lined with orthokeratinized epithelium consisting of a prominent granular layer and a basal layer of low cuboidal flattened cells that show no tendency for nuclear palisading. These cysts have been considered a distinct entity from odontogenic keratocysts since they exhibit a less aggressive behavior and a very low rate of recurrence. Developmental odontogenic cysts can become infected but serious complications, such as potentially life-threatening cellulitis, are rare. This report describes a rare case of facial cellulitis secondary to an infected OOC located in the mandible of a 27-year-old man. The relevant literature about the clinical-pathological features of OOC is reviewed.

Os cistos odontogênicos ortoceratinizados (COOs) são cistos de desenvolvimento revestidos por epitélio ortoceratinizado constituído por uma camada granulosa proeminente e uma camada basal de células cuboidais achatadas que não mostram tendência à paliçada. Esses cistos foram considerados uma entidade distinta dos ceratocistos, uma vez que apresentam um comportamento menos agressivo e uma taxa muito baixa de recorrência. Cistos odontogênicos de desenvolvimento pode tornar-se infectados, mas complicações graves como a celulite, potencialmente ameaçadora da vida, são raros. Este relato descreve um caso raro de celulite facial secundária a um COO infectado localizado na mandíbula de um homem de 27 anos de idade. A literatura relevante sobre as características clínicopatológicas do COO foi revisada.

Intraoral molluscum contagiosum in a young immunocompetent patient.

Molluscum contagiosum (MC) is a contagious disease caused by a virus of the poxvirus family. In children, the disease commonly manifests as a variable number of discrete umbilicated papules on the face and trunk. In healthy and immunosuppressed adults, the disease appears on or near the genital organs and is often sexually transmitted. MC involving the intraoral mucosa has been documented but is rare. We report a case of MC involving the oral mucosa exclusively and discuss the main clinical, histopathologic, and therapeutic characteristics, comparing the findings with cases of this rare oral presentation described in the literature.

Immunoexpression of claudin-1 and Nm23-H1 in metastatic and nonmetastatic lower lip squamous-cell carcinoma.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression of claudin-1 and Nm23-H1 in metastatic and nonmetastatic lower lip squamous-cell carcinoma (LLSCC). Twenty LLSCCs with regional nodal metastasis and 20 LLSCCs without metastases were selected. The percentage of claudin-1 staining and the staining intensity and percentage of Nm23-H1 staining in each tumor core were assessed. Metastatic tumors exhibited higher expression of claudin-1 than nonmetastatic tumors (P = 0.030). Similarly, stage III and IV LLSCCs showed higher expression of claudin-1 than stages I and II (P = 0.026). The percentage of claudin-1 staining was scored as 2 in most well-differentiated and moderately differentiated tumors, whereas poorly differentiated tumors showed a relatively similar distribution of scores 2, 1, and 0 (P = 0.648). Regarding Nm23-H1, there was a predominance of negative cases for both metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors (P = 0.235). In addition, no significant differences in the percentage of Nm23-H1-negative and Nm23-H1-positive cases were observed regarding the clinical staging (P = 0.430) and the histologic grading of malignancy (P = 0.702). The results of this study suggest an important role of claudin-1 in the development of metastasis in LLSCCs. In contrast, the present findings do not support a significant role of Nm23-H1 in metastasis suppression of LLSCC.

Infected orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst: a rare cause of facial cellulitis.

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts (OOCs) are relatively uncommon developmental cysts lined with orthokeratinized epithelium consisting of a prominent granular layer and a basal layer of low cuboidal flattened cells that show no tendency for nuclear palisading. These cysts have been considered a distinct entity from odontogenic keratocysts since they exhibit a less aggressive behavior and a very low rate of recurrence. Developmental odontogenic cysts can become infected but serious complications, such as potentially life-threatening cellulitis, are rare. This report describes a rare case of facial cellulitis secondary to an infected OOC located in the mandible of a 27-year-old man. The relevant literature about the clinical-pathological features of OOC is reviewed.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia and osteomyelitis: a case report of a simultaneous presentation / Displasia cemento-óssea florida e osteomielite: relato de caso de uma apresentação simultânea

PURPOSE: To report a case of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) and chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (CDSO) in a simultaneous presentation, emphasizing the significance of differential diagnosis and appropriate management of these conditions. CASE DESCRIPTION: A female, 69 years old, black patient had a complaint of itching and pain in posterior left mandibular region. The patient had a yellowish hard mass throughout all quadrants of the jaws. A panoramic radiograph showed a lobular, diffuse and irregular radiopaque lesion. Based on clinical and histopathological findings, the diagnosis was FCOD associated with secondary osteomyelitis. CONCLUSION: This report reinforces the need of accurate assessment of clinical, radiographic and histopathological aspects for the diagnosis and correct selection of treatment in cases of combined lesions.

OBJETIVO: relatar um caso de displasia cemento-óssea florida (DCOF) e osteomielite esclerosante difusa crônica (OEDC) em uma apresentação simultânea, enfatizando a importância do diagnóstico diferencial e adequado manejo dessas condições. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Uma paciente do sexo feminino, 69 anos de idade, de cor negra, tinha uma queixa de dor e coceira na região esquerda da mandíbula. A paciente apresentava uma massa dura amarelada envolvendo todos os quadrantes dos maxilares. Foi obtida uma radiografia panorâmica, revelando lesão radiopaca lobular, difusa e irregular. Com base nos aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos, o diagnóstico foi de DCOF associada com osteomielite secundária. CONCLUSÃO: esse relato reforça a necessidade de uma avaliação precisa dos aspectos clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos para o diagnóstico e seleção correta de tratamento em casos de lesões combinadas.

An epidemiological study of immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated skin diseases encompass a variety of pathologies that present in different forms in the body. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of the principal immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity. METHODS: A total of 10,292 histopathology reports stored in the archives of the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, covering the period from 1988 to 2009, were evaluated. For the cases diagnosed with some type of disease relevant to the study, clinical data such as the gender, age and ethnicity of the patient, the anatomical site of the disease and its symptomatology were collected. RESULTS: Of all the cases registered at the above-mentioned service, 82 (0.8%) corresponded to immune-mediated skin diseases with symptoms affecting the oral cavity. The diseases found in this study were: oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral lichen planus was the most common lesion, comprising 68.05% of the cases analyzed. Of these cases, 64.3% were women and the cheek mucosa was the anatomical site most commonly affected (46.8%). CONCLUSION: Immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity continue to be rare, the prevalence found in this study being similar to that reported for the majority of regions worldwide. Nevertheless, early diagnosis is indispensable in the treatment of these diseases, bearing in mind that systemic involvement is possible in these patients.

Estudo epidemiológico das doenças dermatológicas imunologicamente mediadas na cavidade oral / An epidemiological study of immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity

FUNDAMENTO: As doenças dermatológicas imunologicamente mediadas compõem diversas patologias que apresentam formas variadas de manifestação no organismo. OBJETIVO: Foi proposição desta pesquisa, estabelecer a prevalência das principais doenças dermatológicas imunologicamente mediadas que apresentam manifestação oral. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados laudos histopatológicos de 10.292 casos arquivados no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Disciplina de Patologia Oral da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, no período de 1988 a 2009. Dos casos diagnosticados como algum tipo de doença em estudo, coletaram-se dados clínicos como sexo, idade, raça, sítio anatômico e sintomatologia das doenças. RESULTADOS: Do total de casos registrados, no serviço supracitado, 82 (0,8 por cento) corresponderam a doenças dermato lógicas imunologicamente mediadas com manifestação na cavidade oral. As doenças encontradas neste estudo foram: líquen plano oral, pênfigo vulgar e penfigoide benigno das membranas mucosas, sendo o líquen plano oral a lesão mais prevalente, representando 68,05 por cento dos casos analisados, dos quais 64,3 por cento apresentavam-se em mu lheres, sendo a mucosa jugal o sítio anatômico mais acometido (46,8 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de doenças dermatológicas imunologicamente mediadas que apresentam manifestação oral ainda é um fato incomum, semelhante ao observado na maioria das regiões mundiais. No entanto, a busca pelo diagnóstico precoce é um requisito essencial para a condução do tratamento dessas doenças, tendo em vista o possível comprometimento sistêmico do organismo nos pacientes.

BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated skin diseases encompass a variety of pathologies that present in different forms in the body. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of the principal immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity. METHODS: A total of 10,292 histopathology reports stored in the archives of the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, covering the period from 1988 to 2009, were evaluated. For the cases diagnosed with some type of disease relevant to the study, clinical data such as the gender, age and ethnicity of the patient, the anatomical site of the disease and its symptomatology were collected. RESULTS: Of all the cases registered at the above-mentioned service, 82 (0.8 percent) corresponded to immune-media ted skin diseases with symptoms affecting the oral cavity. The diseases found in this study were: oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral lichen planus was the most common lesion, comprising 68.05 percent of the cases analyzed. Of these cases, 64.3 percent were women and the cheek mucosa was the anatomical site most commonly affected (46.8 percent). CONCLUSION: Immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity continue to be rare, the prevalence found in this study being similar to that reported for the majority of regions worldwide. Nevertheless, early diagnosis is indispensable in the treatment of these diseases, bearing in mind that systemic involvement is possible in these patients.

Frequency of oral mucositis and microbiological analysis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate.

In view of the morbidity potential of oral complications in patients with leukemia, this study evaluated the clinical and microbiological alterations that occur in the oral mucosa of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing antineoplastic chemotherapy and prophylactic administration of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. The sample consisted of 17 children aged 2 to 12 years that underwent clinical examination of the oral mucosa for the detection of oral lesions. In addition, biological material was collected from labial and buccal mucosa for microbiological analysis. Oral mucositis was observed in only 5 (29.4%) patients. Microbiological analysis revealed a reduced number of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (47%), Candida albicans (35.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.9%), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (5.9%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (5.9%). Patients with oral mucositis showed a higher frequency of coagulase-negative staphylococci (80%) when compared with patients with normal oral mucosa (33.3%). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the prophylactic use of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate reduces the frequency of oral mucositis and oral pathogens in children with ALL. In addition, the present findings suggest a possible relationship between coagulase-negative staphylococci and the development of oral mucositis.