Identificação precoce e tratamento inicial da sepse por enfermeiros da emergência / Early identification and initial treatment of sepsis by emergency nurses

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros atuantes no setor de emergência sobre a identificação e tratamento inicial da sepse. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, desenvolvido na emergência de um hospital público de Roraima, com 25 enfermeiros. Os dados sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e de conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre sepse foram coletados por meio de um formulário estruturado online através do Google Forms e analisados utilizando-se estatística descritiva por meio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) versão 20.0. Resultados: Dentre os participantes, 76,0% relataram não terem recebido treinamento sobre sepse e não possuírem conhecimento sobre a existência de protocolos de sepse na instituição. Quanto às questões específicas sobre sepse, 68,0% apresentaram conhecimento desatualizado sobre a definição atual e os sinais clínicos dasepse. O manejo inicial de sepse, tempo ideal para administrar a primeira dose do antibiótico e iniciar antibiótico de amplo espectro, foram as questões que obtiveram melhores percentuais de acerto, com 88,0% e 80,0%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Verificou-se que há lacunas no conhecimento dos enfermeiros da emergência sobre a identificação e o tratamento precoce da sepse, justificando a necessidade urgente de realização de capacitações e implantação de protocolos clínicos sobre o tema na instituição. Descritores:Identificação da Emergência. Sepse. Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros. Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente. Emergências

Objective: To identify the knowledge of nurses working in the emergency sector about the identification and initial treatment of sepsis.Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, developed in the emergency room of a public hospital in Roraima, with 25 nurses. Sociodemographic, occupational and nurses' knowledge of sepsis data were collected by applying a structured online form using Google Forms and analyzed using descriptive statistics employing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results:Among the participants, 76.0% reported not having received training on sepsis and not having knowledge about the existence of sepsis protocols in the institution. As for the specific questions about sepsis, 68.0% had outdated knowledge about the current definition and clinical signs of sepsis. The initial management of sepsis, the ideal time to administer the first dose of the antibiotic and start a broad-spectrum antibiotic, were the questions that obtained the best percentages of correct answers, with 88.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Conclusion:It was found that there are gaps in the knowledge of emergency nurses on the identification and early treatment of sepsis, justifying the urgent need for training and implementation of clinical protocols on the subject in the institution.Descriptors:Emergency Identification. Sepsis. Nurses. Patient Care Planning. Emergencies.

Proteomic analysis capsule synthesis and redox mechanisms in the intracellular survival of group B Streptococcus in fish microglia

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes meningitis in neonates and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The molecular mechanisms regulating the intracellular survival of this pathogen in the host cell are complex and crucial for the progression of infection. Thus, we propose the use of GBS-infected Nile tilapia microglia as an in vitro model system simulating infection caused by homologous bacteria in humans. We used this model to evaluate the phagocytic activity, as well as the functional aspects of the capsular proteins A, B, C, and D and the major redox enzymes, and the synergistic role of mechanisms/proteins involved in blocking phagocytic process. We observed that in the intracellular phase, GBS showed enhanced synthesis of the polysaccharide capsule and used superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin, NADH oxidase, and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species produced by the host cell. Furthermore, although these virulence mechanisms were effective during the initial hours of infection, they were not able to subvert microglial responses, which partially neutralized the infection. Altogether, our findings provided important information regarding the intracellular survival mechanisms of GBS and perspectives for the production of new drugs and vaccines, through the druggability analysis of specific proteins. In conclusion, tilapia microglia serve as a potent in vitro experimental model for the study of meningitis.

Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): Infection and Inflammatory Response.

Streptococcus agalactiae (Sta) of Lancefield group B is the primary etiological agent of bacterial meningitis in Nile tilapia and newborn humans. Thus, the study of this disease is of fundamental importance for aquaculture and human medicine. Additionally, elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the host-pathogenic response is important for the success of new therapies. In the present study, we elucidated important aspects of the innate immune response in the brain tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Sta. The neuroinflammatory process in the meninges started with the migration of MHC class II and CD68 + cells, production of TNF-alpha, and the effective immune response to Sta was mediated by the increased iNOs+. In conclusion, the present study brings a partial understanding of the pathophysiological and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in meningitis in Sta infected tilapia, enabling important advances in the therapy of this disease as well as the possibility of using this biological model to understand human meningitis.

Meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): infection and inflammatory response

Streptococcus agalactiae (Sta) of Lancefield group B is the primary etiological agent of bacterial meningitis in Nile tilapia and newborn humans. Thus, the study of this disease is of fundamental importance for aquaculture and human medicine. Additionally, elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the host–pathogenic response is important for the success of new therapies. In the present study, we elucidated important aspects of the innate immune response in the brain tissue of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Sta. The neuroinflammatory process in the meninges started with the migration of MHC class II and CD68 + cells, production of TNF-alpha, and the effective immune response to Sta was mediated by the increased iNOs+. In conclusion, the present study brings a partial understanding of the pathophysiological and neuroinflammatory mechanisms in meningitis in Sta infected tilapia, enabling important advances in the therapy of this disease as well as the possibility of using this biological model to understand human meningitis.