Predicting maximal lactate steady state from lactate thresholds determined using methods based on an incremental exercise test in beagle dogs: A study using univariate and multivariate approaches.

The reliability of four lactate threshold (LT) methods to estimate the maximal lactate steady state (MLSS), defined as the highest intensity that can be maintained without plasma lactate ([La-]) accumulation over time, was determined in Beagle dogs. Six male Beagle dogs performed a standardized incremental exercise test on a treadmill when plasma lactate ([La-]) measurements were performed. The LTs for predicting MLSS, were determined by visual inspection (LTV), using a bi-segmented linear regression model (LTBI), or using a polynomial function on the [La-]/velocity ratio (LTP) by considering the vertices of the curve and calculating the point that yields the maximal distance from a curve representing [La-] as a function of velocity to the line formed by the two endpoints of the curve (LTDMAX method). The agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots and ordinary least products (OLP) regression among the velocities corresponding to the LTs identified using different methods (VLTv, VLTBI, VLTP, and VLTDMAX) and the velocity corresponding to the MLSS (VMLSS). A principal component (PC) analysis approach was performed to detect the degree of co-relatedness among the variables. The mean ± SD [La-] at MLSS was 1.03 ± 0.24 mM. VMLSS had a lower mean bias with VLTv, followed by VLTBI. The VLTDMAX underestimated MLSS. VLTv and VLTBI had the lowest limits of agreement with the VMLSS. The VLTP and VLTDMAX showed relatively high limits of agreement with MLSS. VLTv, VLTBI, and VMLSS had more collinearity and were dominantly aligned with the second component (PC2). VLTv and VLTBI can be used as simple methods to objectively determine aerobic fitness in Beagle dogs.

Atresia anal com fístula retovaginal em ovino: relato de caso / Anal Atresia with rectovaginal fistula in sheep: case report

A atresia anal com fístula retovaginal, é considerada uma afecção congênita rara nos ovinos. Em virtude disso, buscou-se descrever o reparo cirúrgico e cuidados pós-operatórios em uma borrega que apresentava essa afecção. Nesse sentido, uma borrega, sem raça definida, de 25 dias de idade e pesando 7,2kg, apresentou sinais de distensão abdominal e defecação pela vulva. A afecção foi diagnosticada por meio do exame clínico e confirmada radiograficamente, constatando-se atresia anal do tipo III em associação com a fístula.(AU)

Atresia ani associated with rectovaginal fistula is considered a rare congenital anomaly in sheep. Therefore, the surgical correction and post-operative care of a lamb presenting atresia ani with rectovaginal fistula has been detailed in this case report. A 25-days old, mixed breed lamb, weighing 7.2 kg, showing signs of abdominal bloating, and stool passage through the vulva was admitted at our hospital. An atresia ani type III condition associated with rectovaginal fistula was diagnosed by clinical examination and confirmed by radiographic examination.(AU)