Endometriosis, Psoriasis, and Psoriatic Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Endometriosis, psoriasis, and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are chronic inflammatory disorders whose etiologies remain poorly understood but may be correlated, as endometriosis has been associated with other inflammatory disorders. We investigated the bidirectional associations between laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and physician-diagnosed psoriasis and PsA in the Nurses' Health Study II cohort (n = 116,429, United States, 1991-2013). We confirmed 4,112 incident cases of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis (mean age at diagnosis = 40.3 years) and 697 validated physician-diagnosed cases of psoriasis (mean age at diagnosis = 43.6 years), 110 of which presented with concomitant PsA. A history of psoriasis with concomitant PsA was associated with a 2-fold higher risk of endometriosis (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.23, 3.30); however, no association was observed between psoriasis without PsA and endometriosis risk (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.26). When endometriosis was the exposure, it was not associated with a risk of subsequent psoriasis (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.72). The risk of psoriasis with PsA was notably higher; however, the sample size was small and the confidence intervals wide (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 0.89, 3.52). Our findings suggest that psoriasis with concomitant PsA is associated with greater risk of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis. In addition, there was a suggestive association between endometriosis diagnosis and subsequent risk of psoriasis with PsA.

Hysterosalpingography using Magnetic Resonance Imaging for infertility patients.

OBJECTIVE: Some studies have shown that it is possible to evaluate tubal permeability through MRI. Our aim is to perform a prospective study and to perform a comprehensive review in the literature regarding HSG-MRI. METHODS: We carried out a PUBMED search using the following keywords: hysterosalpingogram, hysterosalpingography, magnetic resonance imaging and MRI. As inclusion criteria, we included only papers published in English, and exams ran on humans. We also conducted a prospective inclusion of patients who had visited a human reproduction clinic between May/2017 and April/2019 for laboratory image diagnoses using HSG-MRI. RESULTS: Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included seven original papers. Review papers and those written in a language other than English, were excluded. Between the period of May/2017 and April/2019, we selected ten patients for our study. The average exam duration was 30 minutes. Cervical catheterization was possible in all cases. There were no major complications. We highlight that in 8/9 of patients, we could directly visualize uterine tubes with contrast (excluding one patient with bilateral tubal ligation). CONCLUSIONS: Our initial experience with HSG-MRI shows promise. We demonstrated an optimized protocol for conducting an HSG-MRI (with excellent image quality). HSG-MRI had some advantages, such as not using ionized radiation, less pain and being able to analyze pelvic anatomy. Patients referred for a pelvic MRI as part of a more detailed investigation into infertility can also benefit from undergoing a simultaneous HSG using MRI.

Characterization and assessment of the genotoxicity and biocompatibility of poly (hydroxybutyrate) and norbixin membranes.

Purpose To synthesize and characterize poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and norbixin membranes to evaluate them for genotoxicity in rats and wound healing in mice by histological staining. Methods For the evaluation of genotoxicity, male rats ( Rattus novegicus ) were divided into three groups (n= 5): 5% PHB/Norbixin membrane introduced into the peritoneum by laparotomy; B - negative control; C - positive control (intraperitoneal dose of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg). For the evaluation of biocompatibilty, a cutaneous wound was induced on the back of males mice ( Mus musculus ) divided into two experimental treatment groups: control and membrane that underwent euthanasia after 7 and 14 days treatment. Statistical analysis ware made by One Way Anova post hoc Tukey Test (p<0.05). Results Regarding the incidence of polychromatic erythrocytes, there was no difference between negative control and 5% PHB/Norbixin membrane; however, when compared to the positive control represented by cyclophosphamide, there was a significant difference (p <0.001). As for DNA damage, the changes induced in the first 4h were repaired in 24h. In addition, the membrane was effective in abbreviating the inflammatory process and served as a scaffold due to the stimulus to reepithelialization mainly on the 7 days of treatment. Conclusion The non-genotoxic PHB/Norbixin 5% membrane presented promising results that suggest its effectiveness as a guide for tissue regeneration given its biocompatibility.

Effect of low intensity photobiomodulation associated with norbixin-based poly (hydroxybutyrate) membrane on post-tenotomy tendon repair. In vivo study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vivo response of photobiomodulation therapy associated with norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membrane (PHB) in tenotomized calcaneal tendon. METHODS: Thirty rats were randomly allocated to six groups (n=5 each): LED groups (L1, L2 and L3) and membrane + LED groups (ML1, ML2 and ML3). The right calcaneal tendons of all animals were sectioned transversely and were irradiated with LED daily, one hour after surgery every 24 hours, until the day of euthanasia. At the end of the experiments the tendons were removed for histological analysis. RESULTS: The histological analysis showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cells in the ML1, ML2 and ML3 groups (p=0.0056, p=0.0018 and p<0.0001, respectively) compared to those in the LED group. There was greater proliferation of fibroblasts in the ML1 (p<0.0001) and L3 (p<0.0001) groups. A higher concentration of type I collagen was also observed in the ML1 group (p=0.0043) replacing type III collagen. CONCLUSION: Photobiomodulation in association with norbixin-based PHB membrane led to control of the inflammatory process. However, it did not favor fibroblast proliferation and did not optimize type I collagen formation in the expected stage of the repair process.

Endometrioma, the follicular fluid inflammatory network and its association with oocyte and embryo characteristics.

RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the association between endometrioma-affected ovaries, their follicular fluid inflammatory microenvironment, and ovary-specific oocyte and embryo yield and quality? DESIGN: Exposure-matched prospective cohort study conducted at a university-affiliated infertility clinic. Thirty-four women presenting for oocyte retrieval were enrolled between 2012 and 2013: women with unilateral endometrioma and no other observed peritoneal or deep lesions (n = 10) and women with no signs or symptoms of endometriosis (n = 24). Follicular fluid was aspirated at the time of oocyte retrieval. Samples from each ovary were analysed using a 27-plex immunoassay panel. The associations were evaluated by ovary-specific endometrioma exposure status (affected, unaffected, unexposed) with cytokine levels, oocyte yield and embryo quality. RESULTS: Levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were higher in fluid obtained from endometrioma-affected ovaries compared with the unexposed ovaries from women without endometriosis, with intermediate levels observed in the contralateral unaffected ovaries. More modest differences were observed for IL-1ß and IL-6. The affected ovaries of women with endometriosis yielded fewer oocytes (mean ± SD = 4.6 ± 2.3) compared with both the unaffected (6.0 ± 3.8) and unexposed (7.9 ± 5.6) ovaries. After adjusting for potential confounders and variables generated in a cytokine principal components analysis, oocyte yield remained slightly lower for the endometrioma-affected ovaries compared with unexposed ovaries. No informative differences among ovary groups for embryo quality parameters were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the inflammatory milieu of ovarian endometriosis is strongly localized and has a more modestly systemic effect. The effect of endometriomas on infertility, however, cannot be entirely explained by increased inflammation.

Effect of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membranes on the tendon repair process after tenotomy in rats.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) membranes for Achilles tendon repair. METHODS: Thirty rats were submitted to total tenotomy surgery of the right Achilles tendon and divided into two groups (control and membrane; n = 15 each), which were further subdivided into three subgroups (days 7, 14, and 21; n = 5 each). Samples were analyzed histologically. RESULTS: Histological analysis showed a significant reduction in inflammatory infiltrates on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001 for both), and 21 (p = 0.0004) in the membrane group compared to that in the control group. There was also a significant decrease in the number of fibroblasts in the control group on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001), and 21 (p = 0.0032). Further, an increase in type I collagen deposition was observed in the membrane group compared to that in the control group on days 7 (p = 0.0133) and 14 (p = 0.0107). CONCLUSION: Treatment with norbixin-based PHB membranes reduces the inflammatory response, increases fibroblast proliferation, and improves collagen production in the tendon repair region, especially between days 7 and 14.

Characterization and assessment of the genotoxicity and biocompatibility of poly (hydroxybutyrate) and norbixin membranes

Abstract Purpose To synthesize and characterize poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and norbixin membranes to evaluate them for genotoxicity in rats and wound healing in mice by histological staining. Methods For the evaluation of genotoxicity, male rats ( Rattus novegicus ) were divided into three groups (n= 5): 5% PHB/Norbixin membrane introduced into the peritoneum by laparotomy; B - negative control; C - positive control (intraperitoneal dose of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg). For the evaluation of biocompatibilty, a cutaneous wound was induced on the back of males mice ( Mus musculus ) divided into two experimental treatment groups: control and membrane that underwent euthanasia after 7 and 14 days treatment. Statistical analysis ware made by One Way Anova post hoc Tukey Test (p<0.05). Results Regarding the incidence of polychromatic erythrocytes, there was no difference between negative control and 5% PHB/Norbixin membrane; however, when compared to the positive control represented by cyclophosphamide, there was a significant difference (p <0.001). As for DNA damage, the changes induced in the first 4h were repaired in 24h. In addition, the membrane was effective in abbreviating the inflammatory process and served as a scaffold due to the stimulus to reepithelialization mainly on the 7 days of treatment. Conclusion The non-genotoxic PHB/Norbixin 5% membrane presented promising results that suggest its effectiveness as a guide for tissue regeneration given its biocompatibility.

Effect of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) membranes on the tendon repair process after tenotomy in rats

Abstract Purpose: To determine the efficacy of norbixin-based poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) membranes for Achilles tendon repair. Methods: Thirty rats were submitted to total tenotomy surgery of the right Achilles tendon and divided into two groups (control and membrane; n = 15 each), which were further subdivided into three subgroups (days 7, 14, and 21; n = 5 each). Samples were analyzed histologically. Results: Histological analysis showed a significant reduction in inflammatory infiltrates on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001 for both), and 21 (p = 0.0004) in the membrane group compared to that in the control group. There was also a significant decrease in the number of fibroblasts in the control group on days 7, 14 (p < 0.0001), and 21 (p = 0.0032). Further, an increase in type I collagen deposition was observed in the membrane group compared to that in the control group on days 7 (p = 0.0133) and 14 (p = 0.0107). Conclusion: Treatment with norbixin-based PHB membranes reduces the inflammatory response, increases fibroblast proliferation, and improves collagen production in the tendon repair region, especially between days 7 and 14.

A meta-analysis on uterine transplantation: Redefining the limits of reproductive surgery / Uma metanálise sobre o transplante de útero: redefinindo os limites da cirurgia reprodutiva

SUMMARY In September 2014, the first baby grown in a transplanted uterus was born, which represented an astonishing scientific progress that will mark the history of human reproduction. The recipient was a 32-year-old woman with Rokytanski syndrome who became pregnant after a successful embryo transfer and had an uneventful pregnancy, giving birth to a healthy newborn and marking the beginning of a new era. Patients who do not have a uterus or have a dysfunctional uterus now have the chance of dreaming with pregnancy and motherhood. Combining principles of solid organ transplantation and techniques of human reproduction, uterus transplantation is the first ephemeral transplant performed in order to promote reproductive potential of women and may be removed after successful pregnancy. Worldwide, 11 uterine transplantations were performed in patients. Of these, seven maintained their reproductive potential, with viable transplanted uteri and regular menstrual cycles.

RESUMO Em 2014, nasce o primeiro bebê oriundo de um útero transplantado, um avanço científico que ficará marcado na história da reprodução humana. A paciente, portadora da síndrome de Rokytanski, engravidou após transplante de útero e transferência de embrião. Teve uma gestação sem complicações e deu à luz um recém-nascido saudável, marcando o início de uma nova realidade. Pacientes que não possuem útero ou possuem útero disfuncional agora podem sonhar em ser mães e gestar um filho. Combinando princípios de transplante de órgão sólido e técnicas de reprodução humana, o transplante de útero consiste no primeiro transplante efêmero realizado com o intuito de promover potencial reprodutivo à mulher, podendo ser removido após gestação bem-sucedida. Mundialmente, 11 transplantes de útero foram realizados em humanos. Dentre os casos, sete mantêm potencial reprodutivo, com úteros viáveis e ciclos menstruais regulares.

A meta-analysis on uterine transplantation: Redefining the limits of reproductive surgery.

In September 2014, the first baby grown in a transplanted uterus was born, which represented an astonishing scientific progress that will mark the history of human reproduction. The recipient was a 32-year-old woman with Rokytanski syndrome who became pregnant after a successful embryo transfer and had an uneventful pregnancy, giving birth to a healthy newborn and marking the beginning of a new era. Patients who do not have a uterus or have a dysfunctional uterus now have the chance of dreaming with pregnancy and motherhood. Combining principles of solid organ transplantation and techniques of human reproduction, uterus transplantation is the first ephemeral transplant performed in order to promote reproductive potential of women and may be removed after successful pregnancy. Worldwide, 11 uterine transplantations were performed in patients. Of these, seven maintained their reproductive potential, with viable transplanted uteri and regular menstrual cycles.

Determining the fertility benefit of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with intrauterine insemination after operative laparoscopy in patients with endometriosis.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the fertility benefit of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) in surgically treated endometriosis. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Ninety-six women of reproductive age who underwent operative laparoscopy to treat endometriosis-related infertility (endometriosis stage I/II n = 67; stage III/IV n = 29) from 2001 to 2011 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. INTERVENTIONS: COH via letrozole, clomiphene, or gonadotropins, with or without IUI. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier estimations of cumulative pregnancy rates were compared by stage between COH/IUI and spontaneous cycles. Patients with stage I/II endometriosis attempted spontaneous pregnancy for 669 months and 216 COH + IUI cycles, and patients with stage III/IV endometriosis attempted spontaneous pregnancy for 379 months and 74 COH + IUI cycles. Crude pregnancy rates were 45.7% in stage I/II and 40.5% in stage III/IV. Twelve-month cumulative pregnancy rates in stage I/II were 45% for spontaneous attempts and 42% for COH + IUI, and in stage III/IV were 20% for spontaneous attempts and 10% for COH + IUI (not significant). Cumulative pregnancy rates for COH/IUI in stage I/II were significantly higher than in stage III/IV. Monthly fecundity rates were 3.81% for stage I/II spontaneous, 4.59% for COH/IUI, 3.05% for stage III/IV spontaneous, and 1.68% for COH/IUI (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: COH + IUI did not improve pregnancy rates in any stage of endometriosis. In stage III/IV we recommend postoperative in vitro fertilization.

Oxidative cell injury as a predictor of endometriosis progression.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is one of the key factors for progression of endometriosis. In this prospective controlled trial, we measured 6 different biomarkers of oxidative stress targeting protein, lipid, and DNA to quantify the severity and progression of endometriosis and establish a diagnostic marker for the disease. METHODS: A total of 62 consecutive patients were identified and enrolled in this study. After exclusion criteria, 44 patients were allocated to 3 groups: stage I/II (n = 14), stage III/IV (n = 16), and a control group (n = 14). The levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), protein carbonyl (PC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were accessed in peritoneal fluid and tissue. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of 8-OHdG and PC were seen in patients with endometriosis, in addition OGG1 expression was found to be significantly lower in patients with endometriosis (P < .001, P = .001, P = .033, respectively); ROS, TAC, and LPO were similar in stages I/II, stages III/IV, and control group. A predictive model was built using multivariable analyses and receiver-operating characteristics curves. The ability to predict and distinguish between patients without endometriosis, stage I/II endometriosis, and stage III/IV was very high. This model was highly discriminatory and had a concordance index of 0.87. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, higher DNA damage and lower DNA repair activity was related to endometriosis progression. Our results indicate that oxidative stress as a biomarker of cell injury can be used as a reliable quantitative test of endometriosis severity.

Mapping histological levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in female reproductive organs.

Oxidative stress is associated with many disease states including gynecologic disease. This process can damage lipids, proteins and DNA. The present study highlights the role of oxidative stress induced DNA damage as measured by 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine in development of benign gynecological conditions (BGC). Our aim was to map the oxidative DNA damage on female reproductive organs and highlight the high amount found in a variety of benign gynecologic disorders. Seventeen biopsy specimens from female pelvic organs were divided in two groups: healthy organs tissue and BGC tissue. Healthy organs biopsy tissue included the cervix, tubes, uterus, peritoneum, and topic endometrium in secretory phase. Benign gynecological biopsy tissue included hydrosalpinges, leiomyoma, adenomyosis and tubal cysts. Immunohistochemical staining showed significantly higher levels of DNA damage between BGC and healthy organs [19.36 % (6.20; 32.51) vs. 4.61 % (0.63; 8.53); P < 0.0344]. Our results highlight the involvement of oxidative stress DNA damage in female benign pelvic disease. Hydrosalpinges, leiomyoma, and adenomyosis exhibit the highest amounts of oxidative DNA damage in the pelvic cavity.

Minimal and mild endometriosis negatively impact on pregnancy outcome.

Endometriosis, a highly prevalent gynecological disease, can lead to infertility in moderate to severe cases. Whether minimal stages are associated with infertility is still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review is to present studies regarding the association between pregnancy rates and the presence of early stages of endometriosis. Studies regarding infertility, minimal (stage I, American Society of Reproductive Medicine [ASRM]) and mild (stage II, ASRM) endometriosis were identified by searching on the MEDLINE database from 1985 to September 2011 using the following MESH terms: endometriosis; infertility; minimal; mild endometriosis; pregnancy rate. 1188 articles published between January of 1985 and November of 2011 were retrieved; based on their titles, 1038 citations were excluded. Finally, after inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected to be part of this systematic review. Several reasons have been discussed in the literature to explain the impact of minimal endometriosis on fertility outcome, such as: ovulatory dysfunction, impaired folliculogenesis, defective implantation, decrease embryo quality, abnormal immunological peritoneal environment, and luteal phase problems. Despite the controversy involving the topic, the largest randomized control trial, published by Marcoux et al. in 1997 found a statistically different pregnancy rate after resection of superficial endometrial lesions. Earlier stages of endometriosis play a critical role in infertility, and most likely negatively impact pregnancy outcomes. Further studies into stage I endometriosis, especially randomized controlled trials, still need to be conducted.

Minimal and mild endometriosis negatively impact on pregnancy outcome / Endometriose mínima e leve e seu impacto negativo sobre a gravidez

Endometriosis, a highly prevalent gynecological disease, can lead to infertility in moderate to severe cases. Whether minimal stages are associated with infertility is still unclear. The purpose of this systematic review is to present studies regarding the association between pregnancy rates and the presence of early stages of endometriosis. Studies regarding infertility, minimal (stage I, American Society of Reproductive Medicine [ASRM]) and mild (stage II, ASRM) endometriosis were identified by searching on the MEDLINE database from 1985 to September 2011 using the following MESH terms: endometriosis; infertility; minimal; mild endometriosis; pregnancy rate. 1188 articles published between January of 1985 and November of 2011 were retrieved; based on their titles, 1038 citations were excluded. Finally, after inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected to be part of this systematic review. Several reasons have been discussed in the literature to explain the impact of minimal endometriosis on fertility outcome, such as: ovulatory dysfunction, impaired folliculogenesis, defective implantation, decrease embryo quality, abnormal immunological peritoneal environment, and luteal phase problems. Despite the controversy involving the topic, the largest randomized control trial, published by Marcoux et al. in 1997 found a statistically different pregnancy rate after resection of superficial endometrial lesions. Earlier stages of endometriosis play a critical role in infertility, and most likely negatively impact pregnancy outcomes. Further studies into stage I endometriosis, especially randomized controlled trials, still need to be conducted.

RESUMO O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é apresentar estudos sobre a associação entre as taxas de gravidez e a presença de fases iniciais de endometriose. Estudos relacionados com a infertilidade e estágios mínimos e leves (estágios I,II, American Society of Reproductive Medicine [ASRM]) foram identificados por busca na base de dados MEDLINE, de 1985 a setembro de 2011. Os seguintes termos foram usados como palavras-chave: endometriose, infertilidade, taxa de gravidez; estágio mínimo; estágio leve de endometriose. Entre janeiro de 1985 e novembro de 2011, 1188 artigos foram recuperados; com base no título, 1038 citações foram excluídas e, finalmente, depois de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 18 artigos foram selecionados para fazer parte desta revisão sistemática. Várias razões têm sido discutidas na literatura na tentativa de explicar o impacto da endometriose mínima no resultado da fertilidade, tais como: disfunção ovulatória, foliculogênese alterada prejudicada, defeito na implantação, baixa qualidade embrionária, ambiente peritoneal inflamatório e hostil e problemas da fase lútea. Apesar de toda polêmica envolvendo o tópico, o maior ensaio clínico randomizado foi publicado por Marcoux et al. Os autores encontraram uma taxa de gravidez estatisticamente significante após a ressecção de lesões superficiais de endometriose. Estágios iniciais de endometriose desempenham um papel crítico relacionado à infertilidade e, provavelmente proporcionam um impacto negativo nas taxas de gravidez em pacientes com endometriose. Outros estudos envolvendo estágios iniciais de endometriose, especialmente ensaios clínicos randomizados, ainda precisam ser realizados.

Standardized propolis extract and calcium hydroxide as pulpotomy agents in primary pig teeth.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological features of the pulp tissue in primary pig teeth submitted to pulpotomy and capped with calcium hydroxide-based and standardized propolis extract-based pastes, and the combination of these pastes. METHODS: Nine 4-month-old male pigs were used in this study, which were distributed into 4 groups, according to the studied pastes: Group 1-calcium hydroxide; Group2-standardized propolis extract; Group 3-combination of pastes 1 and 2 in the proportion 1:1; and Group 4-control. The teeth used for the pulpotomy were the 4 mandibular primary incisors. RESULTS: After 7, 21, and 42 days, the animals were killed and the teeth were re-moved for histological analysis. At 42 days, all teeth in Groups 1 to 3 presented a complete hardtissue barrier and the pulp tissue beneath was without inflammation. CONCLUSION: According to these findings, calcium hydroxide and standardized propolis extract favored the formation of a hard tissue barrier in primary pig teeth submitted to pulpotomy.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with endometriosis: systematic review.

PURPOSE: Since the first description about oxygen toxicity made by Joseph Priestley, the oxidative stress has been enrolled as a key factor in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Our aim was to review oxidative stress biomarkers measured in patients with endometriosis. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by searches of the MEDLINE database from 1990 to March 2011 using endometriosis, free radical and oxidative stress as mesh terms. We only included manuscripts in English, and review articles were excluded. In addition, free radical chemistry and oxidative stress history were discussed. RESULTS: After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 articles were selected to be included in this systematic review. A total of 36 oxidative stress biomarkers (20 different markers) were measured in patients with endometriosis. Some of the markers were measured in more than one manuscript. They were arranged in five subgroups: Enzymatic activity (n = 3), Anions/free radicals (n = 5), Lipoperoxidation markers (n = 7), DNA Damage markers (n = 1), and Protein oxidation (n = 4). Of those 36 markers, 23 were found to be significantly higher in patients with endometriosis comparing with control patients. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of endometriosis.

Prevalência de mordida aberta anterior em crianças de 3 a 5 anos em Cabedelo/PB e relação com hábitos bucais deletérios / Prevalence of anterior open bite among the children aged 3 to 5 years in Cabedelo, PB, Brazil, and its relationship with deleterious oral habits

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de mordida aberta anterior e investigar sua associação a hábitos de sucção não-nutritiva, amamentação, respiração bucal e renda familiar em crianças entre 3 e 5 anos de idade matriculadas em creches públicas de um município do Nordeste do Brasil. Método: Um total de 117 crianças com dentição decídua completa foram examinadas e suas mães foram submeti das a uma entrevista estruturada a fi m de se obter informações acerca dos hábitos bucais infantis. Considerou-se como mordida aberta anterior qualquer valor negativo evidenciado. Os dados obtidos foram inseridos no pacote estatístico SPSS 13.0 e apresentados em tabelas de contingência. Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado para verificação de associação entre as variáveis e considerou-se significativo com p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que 54,7% das crianças possuíam o hábito de morder objetos, 49,6% fazia uso de chupetas, 9,4% praticavam sucção digital, 47,9% utilizava mamadeiras e 23,1% praticava bruxismo. A prevalência de mordida aberta anterior foi de 36,8% estando a mesma associada de forma estatisticamente significativa ao gênero masculino (p=0,038), à respiração bucal (p=0,007) e ao uso de mamadeiras (p=0,040) e chupetas (p=0,0001). Conclusão: Políticas de promoção de saúde bucal podem ser implementadas na população com ênfase na amamentação natural especialmente até os 6 meses de idade, cuidado no uso de chupetas e bicos, observando tempo de uso e higiene e identificação precoce das mordidas abertas anteriores para tomadas de medidas de prevenção e/ou controle.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of anterior open bite and to investigate its association to non-nutritive sucking habits, breast-feeding, mouth breathing and family income, among children aged 3 to 5 years attending public day care centers in a city of the Brazilian Northeast. Method: One-hundred and seventeen children with complete primary dentition were examined and their mothers underwent a structured interview in order to gather information on pediatric oral habits. Any negative value was considered as an anterior open bite. The collected data were entered in the SPSS 13.0 soft ware and presented on contingence tables. The chisquare test was used to verify associations among the variables, with p<0.05. Results: It was observed that 54.7% of the children presented object-biting habit, 49.6% used pacifiers, 9.4% presented thumb sucking habit, 47.9% used nursing bottles and 23.1% presented tooth grinding. Anterior open bite was prevalent in 36.8% of the children and it had a statistically significant association with the male gender (p=0.038), mouth breathing (p=0.007), and use of nursing bottles (p=0.040) and pacifiers (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Oral health promotion policies may be implemented for the population with emphasis on breast feeding, especially up to 6 months of age, special attention to the use of pacifiers and nursing bottles, observing ti me of usage and hygiene, as well as early identification of anterior open bites for timely adoption of prevention and/or correction.